[REF: https://wiki.linaro.org/WorkingGroups/ToolChain/BuildingGNUToolchains]

This page is a work in progress.

The following topics are not yet explained (highest priority items at the top)

  • building using a pre-existing sysroot
  • setting default target architecture and default cpu tuning
  • multilib
  • multiarch
  • *-unknown-elf-* configurations (newlib)
  • building canadian cross

Introduction

Currently, only linux cross compilers are explained. Building a bare metal cross compiler is similar, but glibc is not used, and another C library (eg newlib) is used in its place.

To build a cross compiler without a pre-existing sysroot, the following process is followed:

  1. build binutils
  2. build a minimal GCC C compiler, which is suitable for building the C library
  3. install kernel header files
  4. build C library
  5. build a full GCC

Environment variables

Shell commands in following sections assume the following environment variables have been set up. These have no special meaning other than that they are used in the commands in this document.

Example values are shown

    # configure the build
TRIPLET=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi # or aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
LINUX_ARCH=arm # use arm64 if building for an aarch64 target
CPUS=8 # set the number of CPUs for parallel builds
# set paths
WORK=$HOME/work
TOOLS_PATH=$HOME/tools
SYSROOT_PATH="$HOME/sysroot-$TRIPLET" # or path of existing sysroot if you are using a prebuilt one

GCC Configure options

Other gcc configure options may be selected. If building arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf, then additional options are required to set the default behaviour of the compiler to use the hard float ABI:

The commands below use the GCC_CONF shell variable to set the additional configuration options

    GCC_CONF="--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=hard"

This sets the default target architecture and tuning and hard floating point ABI.

Build dependencies

!!! TODO explain how to get and build gmp etc

Install gcc build dependencies, including but not limited to: gmp-devel libmpc-devel mpfr-devel flex byacc bison. With a recent Linux distribution, installing the provided packages may be sufficient (eg apt-get build-dep gcc)

Downloading sources

Source code for gcc, binutils and glibc may be obtained from your favourite place. I used:

!!! TODO link to tarballs of released versions here

It helps to download each of these into their own subdirectory, eg

    WORK=$HOME/work
mkdir -p "$WORK/binutils" "$WORK/gcc" "$WORK/glibc/" "$WORK/kernel"
cd $WORK/binutils; git clone git://git.linaro.org/toolchain/binutils.git
cd $WORK/gcc; svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/linaro/gcc-4_8-branch
cd "$WORK/glibc"; git clone git://git.linaro.org/toolchain/glibc.git)&
cd "$WORK/kernel"; git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git

Building binutils

Binutils is configured for the target platform, and we specify the path to the sysroot, even though we haven't build the sysroot yet. This doesn't matter, as we won't do anything which needs the sysroot until we build the 2nd stage gcc.

    cd "$WORK/binutils"
rm -Rf build
mkdir build
cd build
../binutils/configure --prefix=$TOOLS_PATH --target=$TRIPLET --with-sysroot=$SYSROOT_PATH
make -j${CPUS:-1}
make -j${CPUS:-1} install

Preparing a sysroot (eglibc or glibc)

If you have an existing sysroot, then you should extract it and set SYSROOT_PATH to point to it. You can then skip the remainder of this section.

If you don't have an existing sysroot, then you must build one. This is done with the following steps:

BUILDING 1ST STAGE GCC

The purpose of the 1st stage gcc is to create a minimal compiler which is capable of building glibc. A full build of gcc depends on the C library, but we can't build the C library until we have a C compiler, so we have to build this simplified compiler to break the circular dependency.

The important parts of the configure line are --enable-languages=c (we just need a C compiler for now, and will build other languages at stage 2) and --without-headers which configures the compiler so that it does not need the C library. --disable-threads is needed to work around a bug/problem which means the build process still looks for pthread.h even if --without-headers is used. A variety of other --disable-* options are used to disable other features which are not appropriate for a stage 1 compiler.

The configure and make steps have to be run with the binutils tools on the path, hence the PATH=... part of the command lines below.

    cd "$WORK/gcc"
rm -Rf build
mkdir build
cd build PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH ../gcc-4_8-branch/configure --prefix=$TOOLS_PATH --enable-languages=c --without-headers --target=$TRIPLET --disable-libmudflap -disable-libatomic --disable-threads --disable-shared --enable-static --disable-decimal-float --disable-libgomp --disable-libitm --disable-libmudflap --disable-libquadmath --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libssp $GCC_CONF
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1}
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1} install

INSTALLING KERNEL HEADERS

Before we can build glibc, we need to install the Linux kernel headers. These define the ABI for the Linux syscalls which glibc uses. This step only needs to know which target platform and where to put the header files.

    cd "$WORK/kernel/linux-2.6"
make headers_install ARCH=$LINUX_ARCH INSTALL_HDR_PATH=$SYSROOT_PATH/usr/

BUILDING GLIBC

When configuring glibc it is required to use --prefix=/usr, as this is handled specially in the build system, so that the correct linux filesystem layout is produced. (reference: http://www.eglibc.org/archives/patches/msg00078.html)

Other options are required so that the build finds the kernel headers we installed. !!! TODO explain difference between --host and --target

    cd "$WORK/glibc"
rm -Rf build
mkdir build
cd build
# http://www.eglibc.org/archives/patches/msg00078.html
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH ../glibc/configure --prefix=/usr --build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --host=$TRIPLET --target=$TRIPLET --with-headers=$SYSROOT_PATH/usr/include --includedir=/usr/include

Then we build and install glibc. Note that install_root must be set, as we set the prefix to /usr in the configure step, but we want to install into our new sysroot not into the system /usr directory.

    PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1}
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1} install install_root="$SYSROOT_PATH"

On aarch64, the make install step doesn't create a directory called /usr/lib inside the sysroot. However, if this directory doesn't exist, then gcc won't look for libraries in /usr/lib64, which means no program can be linked. (This causes libgcc to fail to build during the 2nd stage gcc compile, with "cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory")

    mkdir -p "$SYSROOT_PATH/usr/lib"

Building 2nd stage gcc

Now, we can build the final gcc.

    cd "$WORK/gcc"
rm -Rf build2
mkdir build2
cd build2 PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH ../gcc-4_8-branch/configure --prefix=$TOOLS_PATH --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --target=$TRIPLET --with-sysroot=$SYSROOT_PATH $GCC_CONF
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1}
PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/bin:$PATH make -j${CPUS:-1} install

Testing

You should now be able to use $TOOLS_PATH/bin/$TRIPLET-gcc to create new binaries.

!!! TODO how do we run make check on a cross compiler?

WorkingGroups/ToolChain/BuildingGNUToolchains (最后修改时间 2013-09-12 20:50:27)

Howto Building GNU Toolchains的更多相关文章

  1. CentOS 6.7 中安装Emacs 24.5

    Emacs 版本:http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/gnu/emacs/emacs-24.5.tar.gz CentOS 内核版本:2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 参考资 ...

  2. [转]Whirlwind Tour of ARM Assembly

    ref:http://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/asm.htm 23.1. Introduction Very broadly speaking, you can divid ...

  3. CentOS 中安装和卸载 Emacs

    日志更新记录: [1] 增加 CentOS7.2 (内核版本:3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64)下Emacs25.2 的安装过程,它与本文的步骤完全一样. Emacs 版本:htt ...

  4. How-to Install VMware Tools on Debian Stretch 9 32/64bit Linux+GNU

    在虚拟机VMWARE上安装debian9 安装vmwaretools时候遇到问题 询问我IFCONFIG安装在哪里? 新版的debian不知道是用户权限问题还是使用了其他网络配置工具 vmwareto ...

  5. OpenSSL Command-Line HOWTO

    OpenSSL Command-Line HOWTO The openssl application that ships with the OpenSSL libraries can perform ...

  6. http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo

    http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo Contents Meta How do I add a question to this page? How do I con ...

  7. Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments (Anthony Steed / Manuel Fradinho Oliveira 著)

    PART I GROUNDWORK CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 One on One (101) CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Intern ...

  8. 再次编译 arm toolchains

    为什么说再呢,因为已经好多次了.每次失败,都再从失败的地方开始.今天这篇呢,主要是记录今天的进展. 1. 编译要分三步走 之前学习的时候就有印象,要三步走.但是因为没有实践过,所以,忘差不多了.所谓三 ...

  9. 【译】GNU Radio How to write a block 【如何开发用户模块及编写功能块】

    本文讲解如何在GNU Radio中添加用户开发的信号处理模块,译文如有不当之处可参考原文地址:http://gnuradio.microembedded.com/outoftreemodules Ou ...

随机推荐

  1. input标签(文本域和文件域)

    单行文本域: <form> <input type="text" name="..." ....../> </form> 属 ...

  2. s21day02 python笔记

    s21day02 python笔记 一.昨日内容回顾及补充 内容回顾 补充 if条件语句嵌套 10086示例 pycharm更改解释器 python3.7解释器 python2.7解释器 二.循环语句 ...

  3. 导出文件为excle

    handleOutPut() { const searchData=this.state.searchData; let url = commonData.baseMerchantUrl + &quo ...

  4. xdoj-1211 (尧老师要教孩子解方程) :多项式除法

    想法: 1 由于所有a[i] 是不为0的整数 所以解x是整数 2 其次解是an的约数 3 分解a[n] 用多项式除法判断约数是否为整式的解 #include<cstdio> #includ ...

  5. lesson2-cnn-fastai

    %mkdir的做法glob('.jpg')np.random.permutation(图片)np.random.rename(,)#save_array:utils中,连接每个btch得到的数组#ke ...

  6. Codeforces Div3 #498 A-F

                                                                               . A. Adjacent Replacement ...

  7. springMvc前后台传值各种情况

    本文转载至:https://blog.csdn.net/pangliang_csdn/article/details/52486787 以后自述...

  8. struts2文件上传1

    <form action="hello/UploadAction_upload.action" enctype="multipart/form-data" ...

  9. linux面试题(自己添加了一些注释说明)

    1.linux如何挂在windows下的共享目录 首先需要在Windows中创建一个文件夹用来共享,例如下面就是server是用来共享的,貌似在哪个位置创建都可以,我是在d盘创建的 1 mount.c ...

  10. CSVN部署安装,实现web管理svn

    系统环境:centos7最小化安装 下载这个文件并解压 https://pan.baidu.com/s/1miwdBc8 tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.gz mv jdk1. ...