【Linux】Cent OS 虚拟机开机自启动配置

一次断电，导致实体机关机了，虚拟机也连不上去，只好手动来起来。

我想增加一下自启动，让硬件开机的时候，自动启动虚拟机；

其实是有办法的，尝试了一下，也成功了，这里简单标记下。

virsh autostart dev

要想停止开机自启动

virsh autostart --disable dev

注意：上面的dev是机器名称，看下下面截图，就明白了。

当然，virsh有很多命令可用，一般help基本都明白了。

virsh # help
Grouped commands:

 Domain Management (help keyword 'domain'):
    attach-device                  attach device from an XML file
    attach-disk                    attach disk device
    attach-interface               attach network interface
    autostart                      autostart a domain
    blkdeviotune                   Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters.
    blkiotune                      Get or set blkio parameters
    blockcommit                    Start a block commit operation.
    blockcopy                      Start a block copy operation.
    blockjob                       Manage active block operations
    blockpull                      Populate a disk from its backing image.
    blockresize                    Resize block device of domain.
    change-media                   Change media of CD or floppy drive
    console                        connect to the guest console
    cpu-baseline                   compute baseline CPU
    cpu-compare                    compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file
    cpu-stats                      show domain cpu statistics
    create                         create a domain from an XML file
    define                         define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file
    desc                           show or set domain's description or title
    destroy                        destroy (stop) a domain
    detach-device                  detach device from an XML file
    detach-disk                    detach disk device
    detach-interface               detach network interface
    domdisplay                     domain display connection URI
    domfsfreeze                    Freeze domain's mounted filesystems.
    domfsthaw                      Thaw domain's mounted filesystems.
    domfsinfo                      Get information of domain's mounted filesystems.
    domfstrim                      Invoke fstrim on domain's mounted filesystems.
    domhostname                    print the domain's hostname
    domid                          convert a domain name or UUID to domain id
    domif-setlink                  set link state of a virtual interface
    domiftune                      get/set parameters of a virtual interface
    domjobabort                    abort active domain job
    domjobinfo                     domain job information
    domname                        convert a domain id or UUID to domain name
    domrename                      rename a domain
    dompmsuspend                   suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions
    dompmwakeup                    wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state
    domuuid                        convert a domain name or id to domain UUID
    domxml-from-native             Convert native config to domain XML
    domxml-to-native               Convert domain XML to native config
    dump                           dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis
    dumpxml                        domain information in XML
    edit                           edit XML configuration for a domain
    event                          Domain Events
    inject-nmi                     Inject NMI to the guest
    iothreadinfo                   view domain IOThreads
    iothreadpin                    control domain IOThread affinity
    iothreadadd                    add an IOThread to the guest domain
    iothreaddel                    delete an IOThread from the guest domain
    send-key                       Send keycodes to the guest
    send-process-signal            Send signals to processes
    lxc-enter-namespace            LXC Guest Enter Namespace
    managedsave                    managed save of a domain state
    managedsave-remove             Remove managed save of a domain
    memtune                        Get or set memory parameters
    perf                           Get or set perf event
    metadata                       show or set domain's custom XML metadata
    migrate                        migrate domain to another host
    migrate-setmaxdowntime         set maximum tolerable downtime
    migrate-compcache              get/set compression cache size
    migrate-setspeed               Set the maximum migration bandwidth
    migrate-getspeed               Get the maximum migration bandwidth
    migrate-postcopy               Switch running migration from pre-copy to post-copy
    numatune                       Get or set numa parameters
    qemu-attach                    QEMU Attach
    qemu-monitor-command           QEMU Monitor Command
    qemu-monitor-event             QEMU Monitor Events
    qemu-agent-command             QEMU Guest Agent Command
    reboot                         reboot a domain
    reset                          reset a domain
    restore                        restore a domain from a saved state in a file
    resume                         resume a domain
    save                           save a domain state to a file
    save-image-define              redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file
    save-image-dumpxml             saved state domain information in XML
    save-image-edit                edit XML for a domain's saved state file
    schedinfo                      show/set scheduler parameters
    screenshot                     take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file
    set-user-password              set the user password inside the domain
    setmaxmem                      change maximum memory limit
    setmem                         change memory allocation
    setvcpus                       change number of virtual CPUs
    shutdown                       gracefully shutdown a domain
    start                          start a (previously defined) inactive domain
    suspend                        suspend a domain
    ttyconsole                     tty console
    undefine                       undefine a domain
    update-device                  update device from an XML file
    vcpucount                      domain vcpu counts
    vcpuinfo                       detailed domain vcpu information
    vcpupin                        control or query domain vcpu affinity
    emulatorpin                    control or query domain emulator affinity
    vncdisplay                     vnc display
    guestvcpus                     query or modify state of vcpu in the guest (via agent)
    setvcpu                        attach/detach vcpu or groups of threads
    domblkthreshold                set the threshold for block-threshold event for a given block device or it's backing chain element

 Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor'):
    domblkerror                    Show errors on block devices
    domblkinfo                     domain block device size information
    domblklist                     list all domain blocks
    domblkstat                     get device block stats for a domain
    domcontrol                     domain control interface state
    domif-getlink                  get link state of a virtual interface
    domifaddr                      Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain
    domiflist                      list all domain virtual interfaces
    domifstat                      get network interface stats for a domain
    dominfo                        domain information
    dommemstat                     get memory statistics for a domain
    domstate                       domain state
    domstats                       get statistics about one or multiple domains
    domtime                        domain time
    list                           list domains

 Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'):
    allocpages                     Manipulate pages pool size
    capabilities                   capabilities
    cpu-models                     CPU models
    domcapabilities                domain capabilities
    freecell                       NUMA free memory
    freepages                      NUMA free pages
    hostname                       print the hypervisor hostname
    maxvcpus                       connection vcpu maximum
    node-memory-tune               Get or set node memory parameters
    nodecpumap                     node cpu map
    nodecpustats                   Prints cpu stats of the node.
    nodeinfo                       node information
    nodememstats                   Prints memory stats of the node.
    nodesuspend                    suspend the host node for a given time duration
    sysinfo                        print the hypervisor sysinfo
    uri                            print the hypervisor canonical URI
    version                        show version

 Interface (help keyword 'interface'):
    iface-begin                    create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback)
    iface-bridge                   create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it
    iface-commit                   commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point
    iface-define                   define an inactive persistent physical host interface or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file
    iface-destroy                  destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down")
    iface-dumpxml                  interface information in XML
    iface-edit                     edit XML configuration for a physical host interface
    iface-list                     list physical host interfaces
    iface-mac                      convert an interface name to interface MAC address
    iface-name                     convert an interface MAC address to interface name
    iface-rollback                 rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin
    iface-start                    start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up")
    iface-unbridge                 undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device
    iface-undefine                 undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration)

 Network Filter (help keyword 'filter'):
    nwfilter-define                define or update a network filter from an XML file
    nwfilter-dumpxml               network filter information in XML
    nwfilter-edit                  edit XML configuration for a network filter
    nwfilter-list                  list network filters
    nwfilter-undefine              undefine a network filter

 Networking (help keyword 'network'):
    net-autostart                  autostart a network
    net-create                     create a network from an XML file
    net-define                     define an inactive persistent virtual network or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file
    net-destroy                    destroy (stop) a network
    net-dhcp-leases                print lease info for a given network
    net-dumpxml                    network information in XML
    net-edit                       edit XML configuration for a network
    net-event                      Network Events
    net-info                       network information
    net-list                       list networks
    net-name                       convert a network UUID to network name
    net-start                      start a (previously defined) inactive network
    net-undefine                   undefine a persistent network
    net-update                     update parts of an existing network's configuration
    net-uuid                       convert a network name to network UUID

 Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev'):
    nodedev-create                 create a device defined by an XML file on the node
    nodedev-destroy                destroy (stop) a device on the node
    nodedev-detach                 detach node device from its device driver
    nodedev-dumpxml                node device details in XML
    nodedev-list                   enumerate devices on this host
    nodedev-reattach               reattach node device to its device driver
    nodedev-reset                  reset node device
    nodedev-event                  Node Device Events

 Secret (help keyword 'secret'):
    secret-define                  define or modify a secret from an XML file
    secret-dumpxml                 secret attributes in XML
    secret-event                   Secret Events
    secret-get-value               Output a secret value
    secret-list                    list secrets
    secret-set-value               set a secret value
    secret-undefine                undefine a secret

 Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot'):
    snapshot-create                Create a snapshot from XML
    snapshot-create-as             Create a snapshot from a set of args
    snapshot-current               Get or set the current snapshot
    snapshot-delete                Delete a domain snapshot
    snapshot-dumpxml               Dump XML for a domain snapshot
    snapshot-edit                  edit XML for a snapshot
    snapshot-info                  snapshot information
    snapshot-list                  List snapshots for a domain
    snapshot-parent                Get the name of the parent of a snapshot
    snapshot-revert                Revert a domain to a snapshot

 Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool'):
    find-storage-pool-sources-as   find potential storage pool sources
    find-storage-pool-sources      discover potential storage pool sources
    pool-autostart                 autostart a pool
    pool-build                     build a pool
    pool-create-as                 create a pool from a set of args
    pool-create                    create a pool from an XML file
    pool-define-as                 define a pool from a set of args
    pool-define                    define an inactive persistent storage pool or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file
    pool-delete                    delete a pool
    pool-destroy                   destroy (stop) a pool
    pool-dumpxml                   pool information in XML
    pool-edit                      edit XML configuration for a storage pool
    pool-info                      storage pool information
    pool-list                      list pools
    pool-name                      convert a pool UUID to pool name
    pool-refresh                   refresh a pool
    pool-start                     start a (previously defined) inactive pool
    pool-undefine                  undefine an inactive pool
    pool-uuid                      convert a pool name to pool UUID
    pool-event                     Storage Pool Events

 Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume'):
    vol-clone                      clone a volume.
    vol-create-as                  create a volume from a set of args
    vol-create                     create a vol from an XML file
    vol-create-from                create a vol, using another volume as input
    vol-delete                     delete a vol
    vol-download                   download volume contents to a file
    vol-dumpxml                    vol information in XML
    vol-info                       storage vol information
    vol-key                        returns the volume key for a given volume name or path
    vol-list                       list vols
    vol-name                       returns the volume name for a given volume key or path
    vol-path                       returns the volume path for a given volume name or key
    vol-pool                       returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path
    vol-resize                     resize a vol
    vol-upload                     upload file contents to a volume
    vol-wipe                       wipe a vol

 Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh'):
    cd                             change the current directory
    echo                           echo arguments
    exit                           quit this interactive terminal
    help                           print help
    pwd                            print the current directory
    quit                           quit this interactive terminal
    connect                        (re)connect to hypervisor

补充部分Virsh操作命令，如下：

libvirt是一个通用的虚拟化框架，支持xen，kvm，lxc多种虚拟化技术，本文作为一个笔记。

设置LXC为默认（默认为qemu）

export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=lxc:///

virsh -c lxc:/// 可省略

网络设置

NAT

NAT是libvirt默认自带，叫做default，通过下面的 命令查看

virsh net-list

假设宿主机有两个网卡，eth0为内网，eth1为外网，我们可以为容器桥接出两个接口：

#cat lan.xml

<network>
   <name>lan</name>
   <forward mode="bridge" />
      <interface dev="eth0" />
 </network>

#cat wan.xml

<network>
  <name>wan</name>
     <forward mode="bridge" />
       <interface dev="eth1" />
  </network>

导入配置
virsh net-define lan.xm
virsh net-define wan.xml

开启网卡

virsh net-start lan
virsh net-autostart lan
virsh net-start wan
virsh net-autostart wan

应用容器

应用容器共享宿主机的各种资源，包括内核，各种软件包，各种库，它仅有一个独立的运行空间，像是一个沙箱环境。

创建一个名为web的应用容器

cat web.xml

<domain type="lxc">
   <name>web</name>
      <memory>102400</memory>
      <os>
         <type>exec</type>
         <init>/bin/sh</init>
       </os>
     <device>
        <console type="pty" />
     </device>
 </domain>

导入virsh

virsh define web.xml

开机启动

virsh autostart web

进入容器

virsh console web

编辑容器配置

virsh edit web

删除容器

virsh undefine web

操作系统容器

操作系统容器除了Linux内核，自己包含一整套运行环境，像是一个chroot环境。

操作系统容器创建稍稍复杂一点

1、创建根目录

mkdir -p /lxc/centos7

2、下载并解压镜像  http://images.linuxcontainers.org/images/centos/7/amd64/default/20140807_02:37/rootfs.tar.xz

cd /lxc/centos7
wget   xxx
xz -d rootfs.tar.xz
tar xvf rootfs.tar

3、创建xml模板

cat centos7.xml

<domain type="lxc">
 <name>centos7</name>
 <memory unit="KiB">1048576</memory>
 <currentMemory unit="KiB">1048576</currentMemory>
 <resource>
   <partition>/machine</partition>
 </resource>
 <os>
 <clock offset='utc' />
 <on_poweroff>destory</on_poweroff>
 <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
 <on_crash>restart<on_crash>
</devices>
 <emulator>/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_lxc</emulator>
 <filesystem type='mount' accessmode='passthrough'>
   <source dir='/lxc/centos7'/>
   <target dir='/'/>
  </filesystem>
  <interface type='network'>
   <mac address='00:16:3e:52:87:f1'/>
    <source network='lan'/>
   </interface>
   <console type='pty'>
     <target type='lxc' port='0'/>
    </console>
   </devices>
  </domain>

导入容器

virsh define centos7.xml

启动容器

virsh start centos7
virsh autostart centos7

进入容器

virsh console centos7

停止开机启动

virsh autostart --disable centos7

退出lxc console

ctrl+]

---

virt manager 虚拟机路径位置：

[root@localhost qemu]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images

SCM-clone.qcow2  SCM.qcow2

[root@localhost qemu]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/qemu

channel       domain-1-SCM-clone  domain-2-SCM-clone  domain-3-SCM-clone  domain-4-dev-clone-206  domain-5-dev                 domain-5-SCM-clone  domain-7-TEST      domain-9-SCM-clone  nvram  snapshot

domain-1-dev  domain-1-TEST       domain-2-TEST       domain-3-TEST       domain-4-SCM            domain-5-dev-clone-206       domain-6-dev        domain-7-test-212  domain-9-test-210   ram

domain-1-SCM  domain-2-dev        domain-3-SCM        domain-4-dev        domain-4-TEST           domain-5-dev-clone-for-test  domain-7-SCM        domain-8-SCM       dump                save

[root@localhost qemu]#

启动虚拟机：

[root@localhost qemu]# virsh start test-212

域 test-212 已开始

[root@localhost qemu]# virsh start test-210

域 test-210 已开始

[root@localhost qemu]# virsh list

Id    名称                         状态

----------------------------------------------------

1     TEST                           running

2     SCM-clone                      running

3     SCM                            running

4     dev-clone-206                  running

5     dev                            running

6     test-212                       running

7     test-210                       running

---

另外，补充一个服务自启动的，可以参考，比较简单，就两条命令好了，刚才顺手也添加了一下。

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

/home/bgop/start_redis.sh &
/home/bgop/start_nexus.sh &

shell如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /home/bgop/start_redis.sh
#/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/redis-server /mnt/softwares/redis-2.8./redis.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /home/bgop/start_nexus.sh
#/bin/sh
/mnt/softwares/nexus-2.14.-/bin/nexus

目前机器正常，下次断电后，补充测试结果