laravel 之jwt认证使用详解

转载 http://www.heibaiketang.com/blog/show/3.html

https://packagist.org/packages/tymon/jwt-auth#1.0.0-rc.2

jwt介绍

JWT（JSON Web Token）是一个非常轻巧的规范。这个规范允许我们使用JWT在用户和服务器之间传递安全可靠的信息。 一个JWT实际上就是一个字符串，它由三部分组成，头部、载荷与签名。

jwt原理

载荷（Payload）

{
    "sub": "1",
    "iss": "http://localhost:8000/auth/login",
    "iat": 1451888119,
    "exp": 1454516119,
    "nbf": 1451888119,
    "jti": "37c107e4609ddbcc9c096ea5ee76c667"
}
/*
sub: 该JWT所面向的用户
iss: 该JWT的签发者
iat(issued at): 在什么时候签发的token
exp(expires): token什么时候过期
nbf(not before)：token在此时间之前不能被接收处理
jti：JWT ID为web token提供唯一标识
*/

将上面对象用 “base64编码”就形成了“载荷（Payload）”

头部（Header）

{
  "typ": "JWT",
  "alg": "HS256"
}
//HS256算法

进行Base64编码 就成了 头部（Header）

签名（签名）

两个编码后的字符串都用句号"."连接在一起 exp

eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIiwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvbG9jYWx
ob3N0OjgwMDFcL2F1dGhcL2xvZ2luIiwiaWF0IjoxNDUxODg4MTE5LCJleHAiOjE0NTQ1MTYxMTksIm5iZiI6MTQ1MTg4OD
ExOSwianRpIjoiMzdjMTA3ZTQ2MDlkZGJjYzljMDk2ZWE1ZWU3NmM2NjcifQ

在使用HS256加密，这里需要引入一个安全密钥（secret）,下面这个函数，不是PHP，自己去找下hs256如何加密,参考函数

crypt()
hash('sha256','string');

HMACSHA256(
    base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +
    base64UrlEncode(payload),
    secret
)

得到exp

wyoQ95RjAyQ2FF3aj8EvCSaUmeP0KUqcCJDENNfnaT4

最后将这一部分签名也拼接在被签名的字符串后面，我们就得到了完整的JWT

JWT exp:

eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIiwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvbG9jYWx
ob3N0OjgwMDFcL2F1dGhcL2xvZ2luIiwiaWF0IjoxNDUxODg4MTE5LCJleHAiOjE0NTQ1MTYxMTksIm5iZiI6MTQ1MTg4OD
ExOSwianRpIjoiMzdjMTA3ZTQ2MDlkZGJjYzljMDk2ZWE1ZWU3NmM2NjcifQ.wyoQ95RjAyQ2FF3aj8EvCSaUmeP0KUqcCJDENNfnaT4

安装jwt

composer require tymon/jwt-auth:1.0.0-rc.2 这里指定了版本，我就先用1.0.0的

官方文档地址

http://jwt-auth.readthedocs.io/en/develop/

配置信息

配置的要求基本都是app引入服务商，配置config文件 config/app.php

'providers' => [
    ...
    Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\LaravelServiceProvider::class,
]

生成配置文件到config下

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\LaravelServiceProvider"

生成一个安全密钥 secret key

php artisan jwt:secret

实战部分

######1、创建用户表,这里使用默认的

php artisan migrate

2、创建一个jwt的用户类

php artisan make:model Model/JwtUser

类的内容可以参考官方给的app/User.php文件

<?php

namespace App\Model;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Tymon\JWTAuth\Contracts\JWTSubject;//比User.php多了这个引入，下面并且继承这个接口

class JwtUser extends Authenticatable  implements JWTSubject
{
    protected $table="users";
    // Rest omitted for brevity
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email'];
    protected $hidden = ['password', 'remember_token'];
   /**
    * Get the identifier that will be stored in the subject claim of the JWT.
    *
    * @return mixed
    */
   public function getJWTIdentifier()
   {
       return $this->getKey();
   }

   /**
    * Return a key value array, containing any custom claims to be added to the JWT.
    *
    * @return array
    */
   public function getJWTCustomClaims()
   {
       return [];
   }
}

3、配置auth.php文件的guard类型

在guards下面增加一个数组

'guards' => [
        'web' => [
            'driver' => 'session',
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],

        'api' => [
            'driver' => 'token',
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],
        'apijwt'=>[
            'driver'=>'jwt',
            'provider'=>'jwt'
        ]
    ],

'providers' 下增加一个驱动

'providers' => [
        'users' => [
            'driver' => 'eloquent',
            'model' => App\User::class,
        ],
        'jwt' => [
            'driver' => 'eloquent',
            'model' => App\Model\JwtUser::class,//对应第二步创建的
        ]

        // 'users' => [
        //     'driver' => 'database',
        //     'table' => 'users',
        // ],
    ],

4、创建一个控制器来认证一下jwt的使用

php artisan make:controller JwtController

写个注册操作,这里用了手动认证

/*注册*/
    public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'email' => 'required',
            'password' => 'required',
        ]);
        $credentials = [
            'email' => $request->input('email'),
            'password' => bcrypt($request->input('password')),
        ];
        $user = JwtUser::create($credentials);
        if($user)
        {
            $token = JWTAuth::fromUser($user);
            return response()->json(['result' => $token]);
        }

    }

登录操作

/*登录*/
    public function login(Request $request)
    {

        $credentials = $request->only('email','password');

        if ( $token = Auth::guard($this->guard)->attempt($credentials) ) {

            return response()->json(['result' => $token]);
        } else {
            return response()->json(['result'=>false]);
        }
    }

整个控制器如下

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Model\JwtUser;
use App\Http\Requests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\ThrottlesLogins;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesAndRegistersUsers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
use  Tymon\JWTAuth\Facades\JWTAuth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

class JwtController extends Controller
{
     use AuthenticatesAndRegistersUsers, ThrottlesLogins;
    //
    protected $guard = 'apijwt';

    /*注册*/
    public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'email' => 'required',
            'password' => 'required',
        ]);
        $credentials = [
            'email' => $request->input('email'),
            'password' => bcrypt($request->input('password')),
        ];
        $user = JwtUser::create($credentials);
        if($user)
        {
            $token = JWTAuth::fromUser($user);
            return response()->json(['result' => $token]);
        }

    }
    public function index(){
        echo 'Your has login ';
        $token = JWTAuth::getToken();
        $user = JWTAuth::parseToken()->authenticate();
        echo "\n".var_dump($user);
    }

    /*登录*/
    public function login(Request $request)
    {

        $credentials = $request->only('email','password');

        if ( $token = Auth::guard($this->guard)->attempt($credentials) ) {

            return response()->json(['result' => $token]);
        } else {
            return response()->json(['result'=>false]);
        }
    }
}

######5、配置路由

Route::group(['prefix' => 'jwt'], function () {
    Route::post('register', 'JwtController@register');
    Route::post('login', 'JwtController@login');
    Route::get('/', ['uses'=>'JwtController@index','middleware'=>'auth:apijwt']);
});

6、取消csrf_token限制

app/http/Middleware

protected $except = [
        '/jwt/*'
    ];

7、测试

 将这个返回的值复制下来

 Route::get('/', ['uses'=>'JwtController@index','middleware'=>'auth:apijwt']);

这个定义了，认证之后才能访问

打开 

如果不带token试试 

使用header的Authorization header

Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiI...
//这里前面加Bearer

jwt参考函数

attempt() //$token = auth()->attempt($credentials);
login()
 //user = User::first();
// Get the token
//$token = auth()->login($user);
user() //取得当前认证的用户
userOrFail()
logout()
refresh()
invalidate() ：令牌无效
tokenById() ：取得token来至user的id
payload()
validate()