有关svg的一些理解
SVG 是使用XML来描述二维图形和绘图程序的语言。
- SVG指可伸缩的矢量图形(Scalable Vector Graphics)
- SVG使用XML格式定义图形
- SVG图形在放大或改变尺寸的情况下,图形质量不会有损失
- SVG可以在任何分辨率下被高质量打印
- SVG可以直接被当做记事本文档来打开,修改,由于其内部数据可以直接被搜索修改,很适合制作地图
- SVG与JPEG和GIF图像比起来,尺寸更小,可压缩性更强
- SVG可以与java技术一起运行
- SVG可以直接内嵌于html
- 可以直接网上搜索SVG与png等相互转化的工具。
先来看一个网上使用的例子:
样式:
源码(源码可以直接粘贴到html文件,用浏览器打开):
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<div class="icon-twrap" p-id="477">
<svg class="icon" style="width: 5.3037109375em; height: 5em;vertical-align: middle;fill: currentColor;overflow: hidden;" viewbox="0 0 1335 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="479">
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<path d="M546.997468 849.401519a6.351392 6.351392 0 0 1-4.018227-1.425823C444.597468 770.851646 440.708861 604.678481 454.707848 479.594937a6.610633 6.610633 0 0 1 7.129114-5.703291 6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 5.703291 7.129113C453.670886 602.863797 457.300253 764.759494 551.015696 837.865316a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-4.018228 11.536203zM469.614177 455.096709h-0.907342a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-5.57367-7.258734c12.962025-97.08557 21.387342-117.95443 21.776202-118.861772a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 11.925063 5.055189c0 1.036962-8.425316 21.905823-20.86886 115.491646a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-6.351393 5.573671zM572.532658 850.697722a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-6.092152-4.407089c-45.755949-137.397468-55.736709-537.53519-56.125569-554.385823a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 6.351392-6.610633 6.610633 6.610633 0 0 1 6.610633 6.351393c0 4.147848 10.24 414.78481 55.477468 550.626835a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-4.147848 8.166076z" fill="#FFFFFF" p-id="521"></path>
<path d="M633.713418 840.716962a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-5.962532-9.073418c65.587848-153.6-105.510886-543.108861-107.32557-547.127088a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 11.795443-5.314431c7.129114 16.202532 175.246582 398.711899 107.32557 557.367089a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-5.832911 4.147848z" fill="#FFFFFF" p-id="522"></path>
<path d="M890.361519 560.866835S403.637468 756.852658 539.479494 882.973165C696.579241 1028.795949 1065.478481 492.556962 890.361519 560.866835z" fill="#FFFFFF" p-id="523"></path>
<path d="M600.141772 913.433924a101.492658 101.492658 0 0 1-71.161519-27.609114 73.105823 73.105823 0 0 1-25.92405-69.476456C526.128608 692.561013 868.455696 553.478481 882.843544 547.64557c34.608608-13.610127 49.126076-4.018228 55.088608 6.351392 27.738734 48.089114-87.752911 211.540253-191.060253 293.978734-54.440506 43.422785-104.473924 65.458228-146.730127 65.458228z m289.830886-347.771139A1808.591392 1808.591392 0 0 0 712.911392 650.952911c-115.880506 64.810127-181.468354 122.75038-190.152911 168.50633a54.051646 54.051646 0 0 0 19.961519 51.848101c57.810633 53.662785 145.433924-1.296203 192.615696-38.886076 113.676962-90.734177 202.985316-240.186329 186.393924-268.962025-3.629367-4.92557-15.16557-4.277468-31.756962 2.203544z" fill="#351800" p-id="524"></path>
<path d="M864.567089 582.513418S458.726076 751.797468 551.663797 874.807089C659.248608 1017.518987 1011.037975 523.276962 864.567089 582.513418z" fill="#341701" p-id="525"></path>
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<path d="M535.072405 861.456203a6.351392 6.351392 0 0 1-3.629367-0.777722 6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-2.722025-8.814177c24.109367-45.237468 96.696709-111.343797 215.817721-196.504304a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 7.517975 10.499241c-115.232405 82.956962-188.467848 149.322532-211.281013 192.226835a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-5.703291 3.370127zM770.203544 653.545316a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-3.758987-11.795443c63.643544-44.848608 77.772152-53.273924 78.938734-53.662784a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1 6.481013 11.276962s-15.16557 8.814177-77.772152 53.014683a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-3.888608 1.166582zM575.384304 895.546329a6.481013 6.481013 0 0 1-2.073924-12.962025c127.027848-42.385823 314.199494-298.126582 316.143797-300.978228a6.481013 6.481013 0 1 1 10.499241 7.647595c-7.777215 10.628861-191.449114 261.962532-322.49519 305.644557z" fill="#FFFFFF" p-id="527"></path>
</svg>
</div>
<span class="icon-name" title="瓜子_1" p-id="528"><span p-id="529">瓜子_1</span></span>
<div class="icon-cover" p-id="530">
<span mx-click="car({id:7466856,index:1})" data-spm-click="gostr=/alimama.30;locaid=ddbafce52" title="添加入库" class="cover-item iconfont cover-item-line icon-gouwuche1" p-id="531"></span>
<span data-login="" mx-click="toggleFavor({id:7466856,index:1})" data-spm-click="gostr=/alimama.30;locaid=dc1455f4f" title="收藏" class="cover-item iconfont cover-item-line icon-shoucang1" p-id="532"></span>
<span data-login="true" mx-click="downloadIcon({id:7466856,index:1})" data-spm-click="gostr=/alimama.30;locaid=dd962f461" title="下载图标" class="cover-item iconfont cover-item-line icon-xiazai" p-id="533"></span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
接下来看简单的示例:
样式 | 源码 |
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="100%" height="100%" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="100" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black" stroke-width="2" fill="red"/> </svg> |
第一行包含了 XML 声明。请注意 standalone 属性!该属性规定此 SVG 文件是否是“独立的”,或含有对外部文件的引用。standalone="no" 意味着 SVG 文档会引用一个外部文件 - 在这里,是 DTD 文件。
第二和第三行引用了这个外部的 SVG DTD。该 DTD 位于 “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd”。该 DTD 位于 W3C,含有所有允许的 SVG 元素。
SVG 代码以 <svg> 元素开始,包括开启标签 <svg> 和关闭标签 </svg> 。这是根元素。width 和 height 属性可设置此 SVG 文档的宽度和高度。version 属性可定义所使用的 SVG 版本,xmlns 属性可定义 SVG 命名空间。
SVG 的 <circle> 用来创建一个圆。cx 和 cy 属性定义圆中心的 x 和 y 坐标。如果忽略这两个属性,那么圆点会被设置为 (0, 0)。r 属性定义圆的半径。
stroke 和 stroke-width 属性控制如何显示形状的轮廓。我们把圆的轮廓设置为 2px 宽,黑边框。
fill 属性设置形状内的颜色。我们把填充颜色设置为红色。
关闭标签的作用是关闭 SVG 元素和文档本身。
我们可以选择新建.svg文件然后向html文件内部加载:
(1)使用 <embed> 标签
<embed> 标签被所有主流的浏览器支持,并允许使用脚本。
注释:当在 HTML 页面中嵌入 SVG 时使用 <embed> 标签是 Adobe SVG Viewer 推荐的方法!然而,如果需要创建合法的 XHTML,就不能使用 <embed>。任何 HTML 规范中都没有 <embed> 标签。
语法:
<embed src="rect.svg" width="300" height="100"
type="image/svg+xml"
pluginspage="http://www.adobe.com/svg/viewer/install/" />
注释:pluginspage 属性指向下载插件的 URL。
(2)使用 <object> 标签
<object> 标签是 HTML 4 的标准标签,被所有较新的浏览器支持。它的缺点是不允许使用脚本。
注释:假如您安装了最新版本的 Adobe SVG Viewer,那么当使用 <object> 标签时 SVG 文件无法工作(至少不能在 IE 中工作)!
语法:
<object data="rect.svg" width="300" height="100"
type="image/svg+xml"
codebase="http://www.adobe.com/svg/viewer/install/" />
注释:codebase 属性指向下载插件的 URL。
(3)使用 <iframe> 标签
<iframe> 标签可工作在大部分的浏览器中。
语法:
<iframe src="rect.svg" width="300" height="100">
</iframe>
或者直接在html文件编写svg代码:
<html xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<body>
<p>This is an HTML paragraph</p>
<svg class="icon" style="width: 5.3037109375em; height: 5em;vertical-align: middle;fill: currentColor;overflow: hidden;" viewbox="0 0 1335 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="479">
<circle cx="100" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black"
stroke-width="2" fill="red"/>
</svg>
</body>
</html>
SVG形状:
<rect>标签(矩形)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
x="20" 左侧位置 |
<circle> 标签(圆)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
cx="100" 圆心x |
<ellipse> 标签 (椭圆)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
cx="300" 中心x |
<line> 标签 (线条)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
x1="0" |
<polygon> 标签(多边形,默认封口)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
构造一个四边形: |
<polyline> 标签(折线,不默认封口)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
构成折线: |
<path> 标签(定义路径)
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
path d="
|
SVG 滤镜:
在 SVG 中,可用的滤镜有:
注释:可以在每个 SVG 元素上使用多个滤镜! |
使用方法见下面高斯模糊,使用方法相同。 |
SVG 高斯模糊:
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
<filter> 标签用来定义 SVG 滤镜。<filter> 标签使用必需的 id 属性来定义向图形应用哪个滤镜? <filter> 标签必须嵌套在 <defs> 标签内。<defs> 标签是 definitions 的缩写,它允许对诸如滤镜等特殊元素进行定义。
|
SVG线性渐变:
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" |
<linearGradient> 可用来定义 SVG 的线性渐变。 <linearGradient> 标签必须嵌套在 <defs> 的内部。<defs> 标签是 definitions 的缩写,它可对诸如渐变之类的特殊元素进行定义。 线性渐变可被定义为水平、垂直或角形的渐变: 当 y1 和 y2 相等,而 x1 和 x2 不同时,可创建水平渐变
|
SVG放射性渐变:
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> |
<radialGradient> 用来定义放射性渐变。 <radialGradient> 标签必须嵌套在 <defs> 中。<defs> 标签是 definitions 的缩写,它允许对诸如渐变等特殊元素进行定义。 : |
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