Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市（二）

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教程

学习自慕课网-前端vue结合后端DjangoFramework的在线生鲜超市

三、Models设计

3.1.项目初始化

（1）进虚拟环境下安装

django2.0.2
djangorestframework和相关依赖mark,filter
pillow 图片处理

pip install djangorestframework

pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django==2.0.2

pip install markdown

pip install django-filter

pip install pillow

pip install pymysql

（2）创建项目

项目：MxShop
app：users

interpreter选择虚拟环境里面的python.exe

（3）Mysql的配置

settings中设置

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME': 'mxshop',        #数据库名字

        'USER': 'root',          #账号

        'PASSWORD': '',    #密码

        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',     #IP

        'PORT': '',          #端口

        #这里引擎用innodb（默认myisam）

        #因为后面第三方登录时，要求引擎为INNODB

        # 'OPTIONS':{'init_command': 'SET storage_engine=INNODB'}, #这样设置会报错，改为

        "OPTIONS":{"init_command":"SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;"}

    }

}

安装Mysqlclient

下载地址：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

安装

pip install mysqlclient-1.3.12-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64

__init__.py添加代码：

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

（4）项目目录结构搭建

新建两个python package

extra_apps （扩展的源码包）
apps （放所有app）

新建两个文件夹

media （保存图片）
db_tools （数据库相关）

把extra_apps和apps标记为sources root,然后settings中也要加路径

#settings.py

import sys

sys.path.insert(0,BASE_DIR)

sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

现在项目目录如下：

3.2.users models设计

（1）创建三个app

goods 商品
trade 交易
user_operation 用户操作

（2）users/models.py

# users/models.py

__author__ = 'derek'

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):

    """

    用户信息

    """

    GENDER_CHOICES = (

        ("male", u"男"),

        ("female", u"女")

    )

    #用户用手机注册，所以姓名，生日和邮箱可以为空

    name = models.CharField("姓名",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)

    birthday = models.DateField("出生年月",null=True, blank=True)

    gender = models.CharField("性别",max_length=6, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default="female")

    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)

    email = models.EmailField("邮箱",max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "用户信息"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.username

class VerifyCode(models.Model):

    """

    验证码

    """

    code = models.CharField("验证码",max_length=10)

    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "短信验证"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.code

要想替换系统的用户，还要在settings中配置

#settings.py

#重载系统的用户，让UserProfile生效

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'

（3）这里UserProfile继承AbstractUser,可以看看AbstractUser的源码

class AbstractUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):

    """

    An abstract base class implementing a fully featured User model with

    admin-compliant permissions.

    Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.

    """

    username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator()

    username = models.CharField(

        _('username'),

        max_length=150,

        unique=True,

        help_text=_('Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.'),

        validators=[username_validator],

        error_messages={

            'unique': _("A user with that username already exists."),

        },

    )

    first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)

    last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=150, blank=True)

    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), blank=True)

    is_staff = models.BooleanField(

        _('staff status'),

        default=False,

        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.'),

    )

    is_active = models.BooleanField(

        _('active'),

        default=True,

        help_text=_(

            'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '

            'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'

        ),

    )

    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)

    objects = UserManager()

    EMAIL_FIELD = 'email'

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'

    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = _('user')

        verbose_name_plural = _('users')

        abstract = True

    def clean(self):

        super().clean()

        self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)

    def get_full_name(self):

        """

        Return the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.

        """

        full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)

        return full_name.strip()

    def get_short_name(self):

        """Return the short name for the user."""

        return self.first_name

    def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):

        """Send an email to this user."""

        send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)

源码

3.3.goods的model设计

（1）安装

xadmin xadmin安装方法
DjangoUeditor 富文本编辑器安装方法

安装好后把xadmin和DjangoUeditor放到extra_apps目录下面

（2）把四个app、xadmin和DjangoUeditor添加到 INSTALLED_APPS中

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'users',

    'goods',

    'trade',

    'user_operation',

    'rest_framework',

    'xadmin',

    'crispy_forms',

    'DjangoUeditor'

]

设置media的保存路径

#settings.py

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

（3）商品分类model 设计

class GoodsCategory(models.Model):

    """

    商品分类

    """

    CATEGORY_TYPE = (

        (1, "一级类目"),

        (2, "二级类目"),

        (3, "三级类目"),

    )

    name = models.CharField('类别名',default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别名")

    code = models.CharField("类别code",default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别code")

    desc = models.TextField("类别描述",default="",help_text="类别描述")

    #目录树级别

    category_type = models.IntegerField("类目级别",choices=CATEGORY_TYPE,help_text="类目级别")

    # 设置models有一个指向自己的外键

    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录",

                                        related_name="sub_cat")

    is_tab = models.BooleanField("是否导航",default=False,help_text="是否导航")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "商品类别"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

（4）商品model设计

class Goods(models.Model):

    """

    商品

    """

    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品类目")

    goods_sn = models.CharField("商品唯一货号",max_length=50, default="")

    name = models.CharField("商品名",max_length=100,)

    click_num = models.IntegerField("点击数",default=0)

    sold_num = models.IntegerField("商品销售量",default=0)

    fav_num = models.IntegerField("收藏数",default=0)

    goods_num = models.IntegerField("库存数",default=0)

    market_price = models.FloatField("市场价格",default=0)

    shop_price = models.FloatField("本店价格",default=0)

    goods_brief = models.TextField("商品简短描述",max_length=500)

    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,

                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')

    ship_free = models.BooleanField("是否承担运费",default=True)

    # 首页中展示的商品封面图

    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")

    # 首页中新品展示

    is_new = models.BooleanField("是否新品",default=False)

    # 商品详情页的热卖商品，自行设置

    is_hot = models.BooleanField("是否热销",default=False)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '商品信息'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class GoodsImage(models.Model):

    """

    商品轮播图

    """

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")

    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '商品轮播'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.goods.name

（4）首页商品轮播图model设计

因为首页的商品轮播图片是大图，跟商品详情里面的图片不一样，所以要单独写一个首页轮播图model

class Banner(models.Model):

    """

    首页轮播的商品

    """

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")

    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")

    index = models.IntegerField("轮播顺序",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '首页轮播'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.goods.name

（5）商品广告和热搜model

class HotSearchWords(models.Model):

    """

    搜索栏下方热搜词

    """

    keywords = models.CharField("热搜词",default="", max_length=20)

    index = models.IntegerField("排序",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '热搜排行'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.keywords

#goods/models.py

__author__ = 'derek'

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField

class GoodsCategory(models.Model):

    """

    商品分类

    """

    CATEGORY_TYPE = (

        (1, "一级类目"),

        (2, "二级类目"),

        (3, "三级类目"),

    )

    name = models.CharField('类别名',default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别名")

    code = models.CharField("类别code",default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别code")

    desc = models.TextField("类别描述",default="",help_text="类别描述")

    #目录树级别

    category_type = models.IntegerField("类目级别",choices=CATEGORY_TYPE,help_text="类目级别")

    # 设置models有一个指向自己的外键

    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录",

                                        related_name="sub_cat")

    is_tab = models.BooleanField("是否导航",default=False,help_text="是否导航")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "商品类别"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):

    """

    某一大类下的宣传商标

    """

    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='brands', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品类目")

    name = models.CharField("品牌名",default="", max_length=30,help_text="品牌名")

    desc = models.TextField("品牌描述",default="", max_length=200,help_text="品牌描述")

    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to="brands/")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "宣传品牌"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

        db_table = "goods_goodsbrand"

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class Goods(models.Model):

    """

    商品

    """

    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品类目")

    goods_sn = models.CharField("商品唯一货号",max_length=50, default="")

    name = models.CharField("商品名",max_length=100,)

    click_num = models.IntegerField("点击数",default=0)

    sold_num = models.IntegerField("商品销售量",default=0)

    fav_num = models.IntegerField("收藏数",default=0)

    goods_num = models.IntegerField("库存数",default=0)

    market_price = models.FloatField("市场价格",default=0)

    shop_price = models.FloatField("本店价格",default=0)

    goods_brief = models.TextField("商品简短描述",max_length=500)

    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,

                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')

    ship_free = models.BooleanField("是否承担运费",default=True)

    # 首页中展示的商品封面图

    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")

    # 首页中新品展示

    is_new = models.BooleanField("是否新品",default=False)

    # 商品详情页的热卖商品，自行设置

    is_hot = models.BooleanField("是否热销",default=False)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '商品信息'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class GoodsImage(models.Model):

    """

    商品轮播图

    """

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")

    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '商品轮播'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.goods.name

class Banner(models.Model):

    """

    首页轮播的商品

    """

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")

    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")

    index = models.IntegerField("轮播顺序",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '首页轮播'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.goods.name

class IndexAd(models.Model):

    """

    商品广告

    """

    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='category',verbose_name="商品类目")

    goods =models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='goods')

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '首页广告'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.goods.name

class HotSearchWords(models.Model):

    """

    搜索栏下方热搜词

    """

    keywords = models.CharField("热搜词",default="", max_length=20)

    index = models.IntegerField("排序",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '热搜排行'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.keywords

goods/models.py

3.4.trade交易的model设计

trade/models.py

# trade/models.py

__author__ = 'derek'

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from goods.models import Goods

# get_user_model方法会去setting中找AUTH_USER_MODEL

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

User = get_user_model()

# Create your models here.

class ShoppingCart(models.Model):

    """

    购物车

    """

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")

    nums = models.IntegerField("购买数量",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '购物车喵'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):

        return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)

class OrderInfo(models.Model):

    """

    订单信息

    """

    ORDER_STATUS = (

        ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"),

        ("TRADE_CLOSED", "超时关闭"),

        ("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易创建"),

        ("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易结束"),

        ("paying", "待支付"),

    )

    PAY_TYPE = (

        ("alipay", "支付宝"),

        ("wechat", "微信"),

    )

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")

    #订单号唯一

    order_sn = models.CharField("订单编号",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True)

    # 微信支付会用到

    nonce_str = models.CharField("随机加密串",max_length=50, null=True, blank=True, unique=True)

    # 支付宝交易号

    trade_no = models.CharField("交易号",max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True)

    #支付状态

    pay_status = models.CharField("订单状态",choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30)

    # 订单的支付类型

    pay_type = models.CharField("支付类型",choices=PAY_TYPE, default="alipay", max_length=10)

    post_script = models.CharField("订单留言",max_length=200)

    order_mount = models.FloatField("订单金额",default=0.0)

    pay_time = models.DateTimeField("支付时间",null=True, blank=True)

    # 用户信息

    address = models.CharField("收货地址",max_length=100, default="")

    signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=20, default="")

    singer_mobile = models.CharField("联系电话",max_length=11)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "订单信息"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return str(self.order_sn)

class OrderGoods(models.Model):

    """

    订单内的商品详情

    """

    # 一个订单对应多个商品

    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")

    # 两个外键形成一张关联表

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")

    goods_num = models.IntegerField("商品数量",default=0)

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "订单商品"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return str(self.order.order_sn)

3.5.用户操作的model设计

user_operation/models.py

# user_operation/models.py

__author__ = 'derek'

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from goods.models import Goods

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

User = get_user_model()

class UserFav(models.Model):

    """

    用户收藏操作

    """

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")

    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = '用户收藏'

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):

        return self.user.username

class UserAddress(models.Model):

    """

    用户收货地址

    """

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户" )

    province = models.CharField("省份",max_length=100, default="")

    city = models.CharField("城市",max_length=100, default="")

    district = models.CharField("区域",max_length=100, default="")

    address = models.CharField("详细地址",max_length=100, default="")

    signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=100, default="")

    signer_mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11, default="")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "收货地址"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.address

class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):

    """

    用户留言

    """

    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (

        (1, "留言"),

        (2, "投诉"),

        (3, "询问"),

        (4, "售后"),

        (5, "求购")

    )

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")

    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",

                                      help_text=u"留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")

    subject = models.CharField("主题",max_length=100, default="")

    message = models.TextField("留言内容",default="",help_text="留言内容")

    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:

        verbose_name = "用户留言"

        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):

        return self.subject