2.x与3.x差异、条件语句、数据类型、其他
一、输入（raw_input）=====》python2.x版本
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 将用户输入的内容赋值给 name 变量
name = raw_input("请输入用户名：") # 打印输入的内容
print name
输入密码时，如果想要不可见，需要利用getpass 模块中的 getpass方法，即：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import getpass # 将用户输入的内容赋值给 name 变量
pwd = getpass.getpass("请输入密码：") # 打印输入的内容
print pwd
二、 流程控制和缩进（if语句 while循环）
Python语言中严格区分缩进的大小，缩进不正确会报错。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: encoding -*- # 提示输入用户名和密码 # 验证用户名和密码
# 如果错误，则输出用户名或密码错误
# 如果成功，则输出 欢迎，XXX! import getpass name = raw_input('请输入用户名：')
pwd = getpass.getpass('请输入密码：') if name == "zhao" and pwd == "cmd":
print "欢迎，zhao！"
else:
print "用户名和密码错误"
1.单个if判断语句
if 条件： 代码块 else： 代码块
2.多个if判断语句
if 条件： 代码块 elif 条件： 代码块 elif 条件： 代码块 else： 代码块
while循环
1、基本循环
while 条件:
# 循环体
# 如果条件为真，那么循环体则执行
# 如果条件为假，那么循环体不执行
2、break
break用于退出所有循环
while True:
print ""
break
print ""
3、continue
continue用于退出当前循环，继续下一次循环
while True:
print ""
continue
print ""
#例如,当为真，则打印yes，是个无限循环语句
while True:
print('yes') #也可以通过break,或continue关键字去控制语句的输出，如下
count = 0
while True:
if count >2:
break #当条件满足时，则使用break中断语句的执行
count +=1 #每一次循环，都在count基础上加1
for循环
#for循环与while循环，for循环是可以预知循环次数的，不需要人为大中断，也能自己结束，而while是需要一个结束条件的。例如
#语法
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s) #实例
for number in range(10):
print(number) #将会打印输出0-9
and ... or ... not
#and or not 一般用于多重条件判断时使用，例如 a = 1
b = 2
if a > 0 and b > a:
print(a+b) #打印结果将输出3，只要其中一个条件不满，则不会执行语句块的代码 if a < 0 or b>a:
print(a+b) #打印结果将输出3，只要有其中任一个条件满足，则执行语句代码块 if not a:
print(a+b) #这里不会输出任何东西，因为a是大于0，为真，只有条件为假，才会执行代码快语句
三、python运算符
1、python赋值运算
| 运算符 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| = | 简单的赋值运算符，赋值从右侧操作数左侧操作数 | c = a + b将指定的值 a + b 到 c |
| += | 加法AND赋值操作符，它增加了右操作数左操作数和结果赋给左操作数 | c += a 相当于 c = c + a |
| -= | 减AND赋值操作符，它减去右边的操作数从左边操作数，并将结果赋给左操作数 | c -= a 相当于 c = c - a |
| *= | 乘法AND赋值操作符，它乘以右边的操作数与左操作数，并将结果赋给左操作数 | c *= a 相当于 c = c * a |
| /= | 除法AND赋值操作符，它把左操作数与正确的操作数，并将结果赋给左操作数 | c /= a 相当于= c / a |
| %= | 模量AND赋值操作符，它需要使用两个操作数的模量和分配结果左操作数 | c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a |
| **= | 指数AND赋值运算符，执行指数（功率）计算操作符和赋值给左操作数 | c **= a 相当于 c = c ** a |
| //= | 地板除，并分配一个值，执行地板除对操作和赋值给左操作数 | c //= a 相当于 c = c // a |
1.2、Python位运算符：
| 操作符 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| & | 二进制和复制操作了一下，结果，如果它存在于两个操作数。 | (a & b) = 12 即 0000 1100 |
| | | 二进制或复制操作了一个比特，如果它存在一个操作数中。 | (a | b) = 61 即 0011 1101 |
| ^ | 二进制异或运算符的副本，如果它被设置在一个操作数而不是两个比特。 | (a ^ b) = 49 即 0011 0001 |
| ~ | 二进制的补运算符是一元的，并有“翻转”位的效果。 | (~a ) = -61 即 1100 0011以2的补码形式由于带符号二进制数。 |
| << | 二进位向左移位运算符。左操作数的值左移由右操作数指定的位数。 | a << 2 = 240 即 1111 0000 |
| >> | 二进位向右移位运算符。左操作数的值是由右操作数指定的位数向右移动。 | a >> 2 = 15 即 0000 1111 |
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算
四、赋值运算
五、Python逻辑运算符
| 运算符 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 所谓逻辑与运算符。如果两个操作数都是真的，那么则条件成立。 | (a and b) 为 true. |
| or | 所谓逻辑OR运算符。如果有两个操作数都是非零然后再条件变为真。 | (a or b) 为 true. |
| not | 所谓逻辑非运算符。用于反转操作数的逻辑状态。如果一个条件为真，则逻辑非运算符将返回false。 |
not(a and b) 为 false. |
五、python基本数据类型
查看类的所有方法：dir(类名)如下，就打印出了所有的类方法。
如下：
# python3.x
dir(int)
# ['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes'] # python 2.x
dir(int)
# ['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
#返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数
>>> (951).bit_length()
10 #返回绝对值
>>> (95).__abs__()
95
>>> (-95).__abs__()
95 #用来区分数字和字符串的
>>> (95).__add__(1)
96
>>> (95).__add__("1")
NotImplemented #判断一个整数对象是否为0，如果为0,则返回False，如果不为0，则返回True
>>> (95).__bool__()
True
>>> (0).__bool__()
False #判断两个值是否相等
>>> (95).__eq__(95)
True
>>> (95).__eq__(9)
False #判断是否不等于
>>> (95).__ne__(9)
True
>>> (95).__ne__(95)
False #判断是否大于等于
>>> (95).__ge__(9)
True
>>> (95).__ge__(99)
False #判断是否大于
>>> (95).__gt__(9)
True
>>> (95).__gt__(99)
False #判断是否小于等于
>>> (95).__le__(99)
True
>>> (95).__le__(9)
False #判断是否小于
>>> (95).__lt__(9)
False
>>> (95).__lt__(99)
True #加法运算
>>> (95).__add__(5)
100 #减法运算
>>> (95).__sub__(5)
90 #乘法运算
>>> (95).__mul__(10)
950 #除法运算
>>> (95).__truediv__(5)
19.0 #取模运算
>>> (95).__mod__(9)
5 #幂运算
>>> (2).__pow__(10)
1024 #整除，保留结果的整数部分
>>> (95).__floordiv__(9)
>>> #转换为整型
>>> (9.5).__int__()
9 #返回一个对象的整数部分
>>> (9.5).__trunc__()
9 #将正数变为负数，将负数变为正数
>>> (95).__neg__()
-95
>>> (-95).__neg__()
95 #将一个正数转为字符串
>>> a = 95
>>> a = a.__str__()
>>> print(type(a))
<class 'str'> #将一个整数转换成浮点型
>>> (95).__float__()
95.0 #转换对象的类型
>>> (95).__format__('f')
'95.000000'
>>> (95).__format__('b')
'1011111' #在内存中占多少个字节
>>> a = 95
>>> a.__sizeof__()
28
class int(object):
"""
int(x=0) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
"""
def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
int.bit_length() -> int Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
"""
"""
表示该数字返回时占用的最少位数 >>> (951).bit_length()
10
"""
return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.""" """
返回该复数的共轭复数 #返回复数的共轭复数
>>> (95 + 11j).conjugate()
(95-11j)
#返回复数的实数部分
>>> (95 + 11j).real
95.0
#返回复数的虚数部分
>>> (95 + 11j).imag
11.0
"""
pass @classmethod # known case
def from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__
"""
int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> int Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray). The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most
significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native
byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two's complement is
used to represent the integer.
"""
"""
这个方法是在Python3.2的时候加入的,python官方给出了下面几个例子：
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\x00\x10', byteorder='big')
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\x00\x10', byteorder='little')
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\xfc\x00', byteorder='big', signed=True)
-1024
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\xfc\x00', byteorder='big', signed=False)
>>> int.from_bytes([255, 0, 0], byteorder='big')
"""
pass def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__
"""
int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes Return an array of bytes representing an integer. The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError is
raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of
bytes. The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most
significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native
byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two's complement is
used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer
is given, an OverflowError is raised.
"""
"""
python官方给出了下面几个例子：
>>> (1024).to_bytes(2, byteorder='big')
b'\x04\x00'
>>> (1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder='big')
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00'
>>> (-1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder='big', signed=True)
b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\x00'
>>> x = 1000
>>> x.to_bytes((x.bit_length() // 8) + 1, byteorder='little')
b'\xe8\x03'
"""
pass def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" abs(self)""" """
返回一个绝对值 >>> (95).__abs__()
-95
>>> (-95).__abs__()
95
"""
pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value.""" """
加法，也可区分数字和字符串 >>> (95).__add__(1)
96
>>> (95).__add__("1")
NotImplemented
>>>
"""
pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self&value."""
pass def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" self != 0 """ """
判断一个整数对象是否为0，如果为0,则返回False，如果不为0，则返回True >>> (95).__bool__()
True
>>> (0).__bool__()
False
"""
pass def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """
pass def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return divmod(self, value). """
"""
返回一个元组，第一个元素为商，第二个元素为余数 >>> (9).__divmod__(5)
(1, 4)
"""
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
"""
判断两个值是否相等 >>> (95).__eq__(95)
True
>>> (95).__eq__(9)
False
"""
pass def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" float(self) """
"""
将一个整数转换成浮点型 >>> (95).__float__()
95.0
"""
pass def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self//value. """
"""
整除，保留结果的整数部分 >>> (95).__floordiv__(9)
10
"""
pass def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Flooring an Integral returns itself. """
"""
返回本身 >>> (95).__floor__()
95
"""
pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
转换对象的类型 >>> (95).__format__('f')
'95.000000'
>>> (95).__format__('b')
'1011111'
"""
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
"""
判断这个类中是否包含这个属性，如果包含则打印出值，如果不包含，就报错了 >>> (95).__getattribute__('__abs__')
<method-wrapper '__abs__' of int object at 0x9f93c0>
>>> (95).__getattribute__('__aaa__')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute '__aaa__'
"""
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
"""
判断是否大于等于 >>> (95).__ge__(9)
True
>>> (95).__ge__(99)
False
"""
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
"""
判断是否大于 >>> (95).__gt__(9)
True
>>> (95).__gt__(99)
False
"""
pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return hash(self). """
"""
计算哈希值，整数返回本身 >>> (95).__hash__()
95
>>> (95.95).__hash__()
2190550858753015903
"""
pass def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """
pass def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
"""
这个是一个类的初始化方法，当int类被实例化的时候，这个方法默认就会被执行
"""
"""
int(x=0) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" int(self) """
"""
转换为整型 >>> (9.5).__int__()
9
"""
pass def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" ~self """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
"""
判断是否小于等于 >>> (95).__le__(99)
True
>>> (95).__le__(9)
False
"""
pass def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<<value. """
"""
用于二进制位移，这个是向左移动 >>> bin(95)
'0b1011111'
>>> a = (95).__lshift__(2)
>>> bin(a)
'0b101111100'
>>>
"""
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
"""
判断是否小于 >>> (95).__lt__(9)
False
>>> (95).__lt__(99)
True
"""
pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self%value. """
"""
取模 % >>> (95).__mod__(9)
"""
pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
"""
乘法 * >>> (95).__mul__(10)
"""
pass def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" -self """
"""
将正数变为负数，将负数变为正数 >>> (95).__neg__()
-95
>>> (-95).__neg__()
95
"""
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
"""
不等于 >>> (95).__ne__(9)
True
>>> (95).__ne__(95)
False
"""
pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self|value. """
"""
二进制或的关系，只要有一个为真，就为真 >>> a = 4
>>> b = 0
>>> a.__or__(b) # a --> 00000100 b --> 00000000
>>> b = 1 # b --> 00000001
>>> a.__or__(b)
"""
pass def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" +self """
pass def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return pow(self, value, mod). """
"""
幂 >>> (2).__pow__(10)
1024
"""
pass def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signatre unknown
""" Return value+self. """
"""
加法，将value放在前面 >>> a.__radd__(b) # 相当于 b+a
"""
pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value&self. """
"""
二进制与的关系，两个都为真，才为真，有一个为假，就为假
"""
pass def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return divmod(value, self). """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value//self. """
pass def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value<<self. """
pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value%self. """
pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value*self. """
pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value|self. """
pass def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Rounding an Integral returns itself.
Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.
"""
pass def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return pow(value, self, mod). """
pass def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value>>self. """
pass def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>>value. """
pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value-self. """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value/self. """
pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value^self. """
pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns size in memory, in bytes """
"""
在内存中占多少个字节 >>> a = 95
>>> a.__sizeof__()
28
"""
pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return str(self). """
"""
将一个正数转为字符串 >>> a = 95
>>> a = a.__str__()
>>> print(type(a))
<class 'str'>
"""
pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self-value. """
"""
减法运算 >>> (95).__sub__(5)
90
"""
pass def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self/value. """
"""
除法运算 >>> (95).__truediv__(5)
19.0
"""
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
"""
返回一个对象的整数部分 >>> (95.95).__trunc__()
95
"""
pass
def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self^value. """
"""
将对象与值进行二进制的或运算，一个为真，就为真 >>> a = 4
>>> b = 1
>>> a.__xor__(b)
>>> c = 0
>>> a.__xor__(c)
""" pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分母 = 1 """
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 虚数 """
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分子 = 数字大小 """
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 实属 """
"""the real part of a complex number"""
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"Hello World!"
s = "nick" #索引
print(s[0])
print(s[1])
print(s[2])
print(s[3]) #长度
ret = len(s)
print(ret) #切片
print(s[1:3])
print(s.rsplit("ic")) #替换
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.replace("good","man")
print(a) #连接两个字符串
li = ["nick","serven"]
a = "".join(li)
b = "_".join(li)
print(a)
print(b) #指定的分隔符将字符串进行分割
a = s.rpartition("i")
print(a) #分割，前，中，后三部分
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.partition("good")
print(a) #for循环
for i in s:
print(i)
for i in range(5):
print(i) # 反转
s = 'ssssssssss111'
print(s[::-1]) # 111ssssssssss
class str(object):
"""
str(object='') -> str
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
or repr(object).
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
errors defaults to 'strict'.
"""
def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
首字母变大写
name = "nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.capitalize()
print(a)
"""
S.capitalize() -> str Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
have upper case and the rest lower case.
"""
return "" def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
首字母变小写
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day.
a =name.casefold()
print(a)
"""
S.casefold() -> str Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
"""
return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无。
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day.
a = name.center(60,'$')
print(a)
"""
S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
"""
return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
子序列个数，0到26中n出现了几次。
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day.
a = name.count("n",0,26)
print(a)
"""
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
interpreted as in slice notation.
"""
return 0 def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
编码，针对unicode.
temp = "烧饼
temp.encode("unicode")
"""
S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
"""
return b"" def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
是否以XX结束，0到4是否以k结尾
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day.
a = name.endswith("k",0,4)
print(a)
"""
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格
a = n.expandtabs()
b = n.expandtabs(16)
print(a)
print(b)
"""
S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
"""
return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1。
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.find("nickk")
print(a)
"""
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
"""
"""
字符串格式化，动态参数
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.format()
print(a)
"""
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
"""
pass def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
dict = {'Foo': 54.23345}
fmt = "Foo = {Foo:.3f}"
result = fmt.format_map(dict)
print(result) #Foo = 54.233
"""
S.format_map(mapping) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
"""
return "" def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
#子序列位置，如果没有找到就报错
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.index("nick")
print(a)
"""
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
是否是字母和数字
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.isalnum()
print(a)
"""
S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
是否是字母
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.isalpha()
print(a)
"""
S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
检查字符串是否只包含十进制字符。这种方法只存在于unicode对象。
"""
S.isdecimal() -> bool Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
False otherwise.
"""
return False def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
是否是数字
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.isdigit()
print(a)
"""
S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
判断字符串是否可为合法的标识符
"""
S.isidentifier() -> bool Return True if S is a valid identifier according
to the language definition. Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
such as "def" and "class".
"""
return False def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
是否小写
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.islower()
print(a)
"""
S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
检查是否只有数字字符组成的字符串
name = "111111111111111”
a = name.isnumeric()
print(a)
"""
S.isnumeric() -> bool Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
False otherwise.
"""
return False def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
判断字符串中所有字符是否都属于可见字符
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.isprintable()
print(a)
"""
S.isprintable() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are considered
printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
字符串是否只由空格组成
name = " "
a = name.isspace()
print(a)
"""
S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
检测字符串中所有的单词拼写首字母是否为大写，且其他字母为小写
name = "Nick, Today."
a = name.istitle()
print(a)
"""
"""
S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
Return False otherwise.
"""
return False def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
检测字符串中所有的字母是否都为大写
name = "NICK"
a = name.isupper()
print(a)
"""
S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
连接两个字符串
li = ["nick","serven"]
a = "".join(li)
b = "_".join(li)
print(a)
print(b)
"""
S.join(iterable) -> str Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S.
"""
return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
向左对齐，右侧填充
name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
a = name.ljust(66)
print(a)
"""
S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return "" def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
容左对齐，右侧填充
name = "NiNi"
a = name.lower()
print(a)
"""
S.lower() -> str Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
"""
return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
""" 移除左侧空白 """
S.lstrip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return "" def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
"""
用于创建字符映射的转换表，对于接受两个参数的最简单的调用方式，第一个参数是字符串，表示需要转换的字符，第二个参数也是字符串表示转换的目标。
from string import maketrans
intab = "aeiou"
outtab = "12345"
trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)
str = "this is string example....wow!!!";
print str.translate(trantab);
"""
Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
"""
pass def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
分割，前，中，后三部分
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.partition("good")
print(a)
"""
S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
found, return S and two empty strings.
"""
pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
替换
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.replace("good","man")
print(a)
"""
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
"""
return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
返回字符串最后一次出现的位置，如果没有匹配项则返回-1
"""
S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
返回子字符串 str 在字符串中最后出现的位置，如果没有匹配的字符串会报异常
"""
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
返回一个原字符串右对齐,并使用空格填充至长度 width 的新字符串。如果指定的长度小于字符串的长度则返回原字符串
str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
print(str.rjust(50, '$'))
"""
S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return "" def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
根据指定的分隔符将字符串进行分割
"""
S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
"""
pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
指定分隔符对字符串进行切片
name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
a = name.rsplit("is")
print(a)
"""
S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
is a separator.
"""
return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
删除 string 字符串末尾的指定字符（默认为空格）
"""
S.rstrip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片
str = "Line1-abcdef \nLine2-abc \nLine4-abcd";
print str.split( );
print str.split(' ', 1 );
"""
S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
removed from the result.
"""
return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
按照行分隔，返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
"""
S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true.
"""
return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头，如果是则返回 True，否则返回 False
"""
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
用于移除字符串头尾指定的字符（默认为空格）.
"""
S.strip([chars]) -> str Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return "" def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
用于对字符串的大小写字母进行转换
"""
S.swapcase() -> str Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
and vice versa.
"""
return "" def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
S.title() -> str Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
"""
return "" def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
S.translate(table) -> str Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
through the given translation table. The table must implement
lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
Characters mapped to None are deleted.
"""
return "" def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
将字符串中的小写字母转为大写字母
"""
S.upper() -> str Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
"""
return "" def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0
"""
S.zfill(width) -> str Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
"""
return "" def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
S.__format__(format_spec) -> str Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
"""
return "" def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self[key]. """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return hash(self). """
pass def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__
"""
str(object='') -> str
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
or repr(object).
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
errors defaults to 'strict'.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self%value. """
pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value%self. """
pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return str(self). """
pass
4、列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'taobao']
#在列表末尾添加新的对象
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list.append('taobao')
print(list) #将指定对象插入列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.insert(1,"Nick")
print(list) #在列表末尾追加另一个序列中的多个值
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list2 = ['nick','baidu']
list.extend(list2)
print(list) #统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
a = list.count('baidu')
print(a) #从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
a = list.index('baidu')
print(a) #移除列表中的一个元素（默认最后一个元素）
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.pop()
print(list) #移除列表中某个值的第一个匹配项
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.remove('baidu')
print(list) #清空列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list.clear()
print(list) #删除指定索引位置
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
del list[2]
print(list) list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
del list[1:3] -->顾头不顾尾
print(list) #复制列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list2 = list.copy()
print(list2) #对原列表进行排序
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.sort()
print(list) #反向列表中元素
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.reverse()
print(list)
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于在列表末尾添加新的对象
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list.append('taobao')
print(list)
"""
""" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
pass def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于清空列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list.clear()
print(list)
"""
""" L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于复制列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T']
list2 = list.copy()
print(list2)
"""
""" L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
return [] def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
a = list.count('baidu')
print(a)
"""
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
在列表末尾一次性追加另一个序列中的多个值
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list2 = ['nick','baidu']
list.extend(list2)
print(list)
"""
""" L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
"""
用于从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
a = list.index('baidu')
print(a)
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于将指定对象插入列表
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.insert(1,"Nick")
print(list)
"""
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
移除列表中的一个元素（默认最后一个元素）。
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.pop()
print(list)
"""
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
移除列表中某个值的第一个匹配项
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.remove('baidu')
print(list)
"""
"""
L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于反向列表中元素
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.reverse()
print(list)
"""
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
用于对原列表进行排序
list = ['Google', 'baidu', 'T','baidu']
list.sort()
print(list)
"""
""" L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self+=value. """
pass def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self*=value. """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass __hash__ = None
5、元组（不可修改）
name = ('zhao','jenney')
#索引
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name[0]
print(a) #获取指定元素的索引位置
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name.index('nick')
print(a) #切片
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name[0:1]
print(a) #计算元素出现的个数
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name.count('nick')
print(a) #长度
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = len(name)
print(a) #for循环
name = ('nick','jenney')
for i in name:
print(i)
class tuple(object):
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
"""
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
计算元素出现的个数
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name.count('nick')
print(a)
"""
""" T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
获取指定元素的索引位置
name = ('nick','jenney')
a = name.index('nick')
print(a)
"""
"""
T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self[key]. """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return hash(self). """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass
6、字典（无序）
user_info = {
"name":"zhao",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
#根据key获取值
a = user_info.get("age")
print(a)
a = user_info.get("Age",19")
print(a)
#所有的key 列表
a = user_info.keys()
print(a)
#所有的值，values
a = user_info.values()
print(a)
#所有项的列表形式
a = user_info.items()
print(a)
#获取并在字典中移除
user_info.pop('age')
print(user_info)
#随机并在字典中移除
user_info.popitem()
user_info.popitem()
print(user_info)
#清除内容
a = user_info.clear()
print(a)
#浅拷贝
a = user_info.copy()
print(a)
#如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改
a = user_info.setdefault("age")
print(a)
user_info.setdefault("cool")
print(user_info)
#从序列键和值设置为value来创建一个新的字典
a = dict.fromkeys(user_info)
print(("new dict: %s") % str(a))
#更新（两个字典）
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
user_info2 = {
"wage":800000000,
"drem":"The knife girl"
}
user_info.update(user_info2)
print(user_info)
class dict(object):
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
"""
def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
清除内容
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
a = user_info.clear()
print(a)
"""
""" D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """
pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
浅拷贝
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.copy()
print(a)
"""
""" D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
pass @staticmethod # known case
def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
从序列键和值设置为value来创建一个新的字典
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = dict.fromkeys(user_info)
print(("new dict: %s") % str(a))
"""
""" Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
根据key获取值，d是默认值
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.get("age")
print(a)
"""
""" D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """
pass def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
所有项的列表形式
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.items()
print(a)
"""
""" D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
所有的key 列表
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.keys()
print(a)
"""
""" D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
pass def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
获取并在字典中移除
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
user_info.pop('age')
print(user_info)
"""
"""
D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
"""
pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
随机并在字典中移除
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
user_info.popitem()
user_info.popitem()
print(user_info)
"""
"""
D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
"""
pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.setdefault("age")
print(a)
user_info.setdefault("cool")
print(user_info)
"""
""" D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
"""
更新（两个字典）
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
user_info2 = {
"wage":800000000,
"drem":"The knife girl"
}
user_info.update(user_info2)
print(user_info)
"""
"""
D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
"""
pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
所有的值，values
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
a = user_info.values()
print(a)
"""
""" D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
pass def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if D has a key k, else False. """
pass def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
pass __hash__ = None
7、set集合（无序、不重复）
s = set()
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
#添加元素
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
a.add('The knife girl')
print(a) #更新
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
a.update(b)
print(a) #a中存在。b中不存在，赋给新值
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
set = a.difference(b)
print(set) #a中存在。b中不存在,并更新a
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
a.difference_update(b)
print(a) #交集,赋给新值
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
set = a.intersection(b)
print(set) #交集，更新a
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
a.intersection_update(b)
print(a) #对称交集
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
set = a.symmetric_difference(b)
print(set) #对称交集，更新a
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
a.symmetric_difference_update(b)
print(a) #并集，赋给新值
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
set = a.union(b)
print(set) #如果没有交集，返回True，否则返回False
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
set = a.isdisjoint(b)
print(set) #是否是子序列
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny'}
set = a.issubset(b)
print(set) #是否是父序列
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
b = {'nick','jenny'}
set = a.issuperset(b)
print(set) #移除指定元素，不存在不报错
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
a.discard('suo')
print(a) #移除指定元素，不存在则报错
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
a.remove('suo')
print(a)
a.remove('suo')
print(a) #移除随机元素，并赋给新值
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
set = a.pop()
print(set) #清空
a = {'nick','jenny','zhao'}
a.clear()
print(a)
class set(object):
"""
set() -> new empty set object
set(iterable) -> new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
"""
def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""添加元素
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> a.add('nick')
>>> a
{'suo', 'jenny', 'nick'}
>>> a.add('love')
>>> a
{'suo', 'love', 'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
"""
Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present.
"""
pass def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""清除内容
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> a.clear()
>>> a
set()
"""
""" Remove all elements from this set. """
pass def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""浅拷贝
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = a.copy()
>>> b
{'suo', 'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
""" Return a shallow copy of a set. """
pass def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""A中存在，B中不存在
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.difference(b)
{'suo'}
"""
"""
Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
"""
pass def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""从当前集合中删除和B中相同的元素
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.difference_update(b)
>>> a
{'suo'}
"""
""" Remove all elements of another set from this set. """
pass def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""移除指定元素，不存在不报错
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> a.discard('suo')
>>> a
{'jenny', 'nick'}
>>> a.discard('The knife girl')
>>> a
{'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
"""
Remove an element from a set if it is a member. If the element is not a member, do nothing.
"""
pass def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""a与b的交集
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.intersection(b)
{'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
"""
Return the intersection of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)
"""
pass def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""取交集并更更新到A中
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.intersection_update(b)
>>> a
{'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
""" Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. """
pass def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""如果没有交集，返回True，否则返回False
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.isdisjoint(b)
False
"""
""" Return True if two sets have a null intersection. """
pass def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""是否是子序列
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny'}
>>> b.issubset(a)
True
>>> a.issubset(b)
False
"""
""" Report whether another set contains this set. """
pass def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""是否是父序列
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny'}
>>> a.issuperset(b)
True
>>> b.issuperset(a)
False
"""
""" Report whether this set contains another set. """
pass def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""移除元素
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> a.pop()
'suo'
>>> a
{'jenny', 'nick'}
"""
"""
Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
"""
pass def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""移除指定元素，不存在报错
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> a.remove('nick')
>>> a
{'suo', 'jenny'}
>>> a.remove('The knife girl')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'The knife girl'
>>>
"""
"""
Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
"""
pass def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""对称交集
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.symmetric_difference(b)
{'suo', 'The knife girl'}
"""
"""
Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
"""
pass def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""对称交集，并更新到a中
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.symmetric_difference_update(b)
>>> a
{'suo', 'The knife girl'}
"""
""" Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. """
pass def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""并集
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.union(b)
{'suo', 'jenny', 'nick', 'The knife girl'}
"""
"""
Return the union of sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
"""
pass def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""更新
>>> a = {'nick','jenny','suo'}
>>> b = {'nick','jenny','The knife girl'}
>>> a.update(b)
>>> a
{'suo', 'jenny', 'nick', 'The knife girl'}
>>> b
{'jenny', 'nick', 'The knife girl'}
"""
""" Update a set with the union of itself and others. """
pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self&value. """
pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x. """
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __iand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self&=value. """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of set.__init__
"""
set() -> new empty set object
set(iterable) -> new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __ior__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self|=value. """
pass def __isub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self-=value. """
pass def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass def __ixor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self^=value. """
pass def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self|value. """
pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value&self. """
pass def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return state information for pickling. """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value|self. """
pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value-self. """
pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value^self. """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self-value. """
pass def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self^value. """
pass __hash__ = None
六、其他
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容
name = ('nick','jenney')
for i in name:
print(i)
2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
user_info = {
"name":"nick",
"age":18,
"job":"pythoner"
}
for k,v in enumerate(user_info,1):
print(k,v,user_info.get(v))
3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
#python 2.7 版本
print range(1, 10)
# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] print range(1, 10, 2)
# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9] print range(30, 0, -2)
# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] #python 3.5 版本
a = range(10)
print(a)
#结果：range(0, 10)
4、编码与进制转换
- utf-8与gbk编码转换
utf-8 —> unicode（通过解码方法转换：decode）
gbk —> unicode (通过解码方法转换：decode)
unicode —> utf-8 (通过编码方法转换：encode)
unicode —> gbk (通过编码方法转换：encode)
- 进制的转换
- 把字符串用进制表示出来
name = "小鱼" a = bytes(name,encoding='utf-8')
print(a)
for i in a:
print(i,bin(i)) #输出结果（utf-8 三个字节表示一个汉字）
b'\xe7\xb4\xa2\xe5\xae\x81'
231 0b11100111
180 0b10110100
162 0b10100010
229 0b11100101
174 0b10101110
129 0b10000001 b = bytes(name,encoding='gbk')
print(b)
for i in b:
print(i,bin(i)) #输出结果（gbk 两个字节表示一个汉字）
b'\xcb\xf7\xc4\xfe'
203 0b11001011
247 0b11110111
196 0b11000100
254 0b11111110
练习题：
1.练习题1-while循环输入 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
i = 0
while i < 10:
i += 1
print(i)
2.练习题2-求1-100的所有数的和
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- i = 0
sun = 0
while i < 100:
i += 1
sun += i
print(sun)
3.练习题3-输出 1-100 内的所有奇数
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- i = 0
while i < 100:
i += 1
# print(i)
rem = i % 2
if rem == 1:
print(i)
4.练习题4-输出 1-100 内的所有偶数
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
i = 0
while i < 100:
i += 1
rem = i % 2
if rem == 0:
print(i)
5.练习题5-求1-2+3-4+5 ... 99的所有数的和
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
i = 0
sun = 0
while i < 99:
i += 1
# print(i)
rem = i % 2
if rem == 1:
sun += i
sun1 = sun
# print(sun1)
else:
sun += i
sun2 = sun
# print(sun2)
print(sun1)
print(sun2)
sun = sun1 - sun2
print(sun)
6.练习题6-用户登陆（三次机会重试）
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojingyu/p/7771955.html
bw = 0
cw = True
li = [{'username': 'alex', 'password': ''},
{'username': 'wusir', 'password': ''},
{'username': 'taibai', 'password': ''},
]
while bw < 3 and cw: #定义两个条件 3：可以循环3次， cw 等于True（正） 两个条件同时成立
bw += 1 #每次自增1
name = input('请输入用户名：')
pwd = input('请输入密码：')
for i in li: #print(i) 打印出3个dict列表
if name == i['username'] and pwd == i['password']: #判断输入条件
print('欢迎您登录')
cw = False #当上面条件成立是改变cw为False 这个循环停止（while条件不成立），
if str(cw) == 'True': #因为True是关键字所以只能判断字符串是否相同，等于True则打印用户名或者密码错误
print('用户名或者密码错误')
if str(cw) == 'True': #这里的如果是True则表明上面while循环中输入（用户名或者密码错误）
print('输入超过三次错误，在给你一个选择' 'Y ：重新输入，其他 ：退出')
xz = input('请选择')
if xz == 'Y':
while bw < 6 and cw: #6是3+3，表明在给3次机会 ，while循环跟上面同理
bw += 1
# print(bw)
name = input('请输入用户名：')
pwd = input('请输入密码：')
for i in li:
if name == i['username'] and pwd == i['password']:
print('欢迎您登录')
cw = False
if str(cw) == 'True':
print('用户名或者密码错误')
if xz != 'Y':
print('臭不要脸的可以走了')
if bw == 6: #表明一个输入错误6次
print('臭不要脸的可以走了')
2.x与3.x差异、条件语句、数据类型、其他的更多相关文章
- 孤荷凌寒自学python第十四天python代码的书写规范与条件语句及判断条件式
孤荷凌寒自学python第十四天python代码的书写规范与条件语句及判断条件式 (完整学习过程屏幕记录视频地址在文末,手写笔记在文末) 在我学习过的所有语言中,对VB系的语言比较喜欢,而对C系和J系 ...
- Javascript关键字，条件语句，函数及函数相关知识
关键字 条件语句 作用域 回调 关键字 根据规定,关键字是保留的,不能用作变量名或函数名. 下面是一些ECMAScript关键字的完整列表. break ,case,catch,continue,de ...
- Python —条件语句
条件语句 Python条件语句是通过一条或多条语句的执行结果(True或者False)来决定执行的代码块. 可以通过下图来简单了解条件语句的执行过程: Python程序语言指定任何非0和非空(null ...
- php简写表达式，&& or || 缩写条件语句
有时候学的多了, 好多小细节 都忘了 ,比如 简单的表达式, 三元表达式 ?:; $aa or $bb 表达式 等等! 写一些简单的表达式,备忘! php用&&和||缩写条件语句 ...
- java中的条件语句（if、if...else、多重if、嵌套if）
Java条件语句之 if 生活中,我们经常需要先做判断,然后才决定是否要做某件事情.例如,如果考试成绩大于 90 分,则奖励一个 IPHONE 5S .对于这种"需要先判断条件,条件满足后才 ...
- javascript语句——条件语句、循环语句和跳转语句
× 目录 [1]条件语句 [2]循环语句 [3]跳转语句 前面的话 默认情况下,javascript解释器依照语句的编写顺序依次执行.而javascript中的很多语句可以改变语句的默认执行顺序.本文 ...
- go语言条件语句 if else
示例: if a < 5 { return 0 } else { return 1 } 关于条件语句,需要注意以下几点: 条件语句不需要使用括号将条件包含起来(): 无论语句体内有几条语 ...
- Todd's Matlab讲义第4讲：控制误差和条件语句
误差和残量 数值求解方程\(f(x)=0\)的根,有多种方法测算结果的近似程度.最直接的方法是计算误差.第\(n\)步迭代结果与真值\(x^\*\)的差即为第\(n\)步迭代的误差: \begin{e ...
- 5-python学习——条件语句
5-python学习——条件语句 5-python学习——条件语句 条件语句if else形式 if else条件语句说明 测试一下 编程语言一般都由这么几个部分组成 变量 条件分支语句 循环语句 函 ...
- Python基础6- 流程控制之if条件语句
Python条件语句是通过判断一条或多条条件语句的执行结果来决定执行哪条代码块的.Python 中if 语句用于控制程序的执行,基本形式为:if 判断条件: 执行语句……else: 执行语句…… #c ...
随机推荐
- PAT乙级-1063. 计算谱半径(20)
在数学中,矩阵的"谱半径"是指其特征值的模集合的上确界.换言之,对于给定的n个复数空间的特征值{a1+b1i, ..., an+bni},它们的模为实部与虚部的平方和的开方,而&q ...
- 详解apply
先谈this 关于this的指向就不细说了,网上有无数博客以及you don't kown js这类书讲的已经很详细了这里就不炒冷饭了. 举几个简单的例子 function foo() { conso ...
- 【Unity3D与23种设计模式】桥接模式（Bridge）
GoF定义: "将抽象与实现分离,使二者可以独立的变化" 游戏中,经常有这么一种情况 基类角色类(ICharacter),下面有子类士兵类(ISoldier).敌军类(IEnemy ...
- Python3基础教程2——Python的标准数据类型
2018年3月12日 这次介绍一些python里面的标准数据类型 当然还是推荐一个比较系统的教程 http://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-tutorial.html ...
- Online Judge（OJ）搭建——3、MVC架构
Model Model 层主要包含数据的类,这些数据一般是现实中的实体,所以,Model 层中类的定义常常和数据库 DDL 中的 create 语句类似. 通常数据库的表和类是一对一的关系,但是有的时 ...
- jsp的四种范围
jsp有四种范围,可以说是四种对象,这四种对象对应不同的作用范围,所以我们说jsp中的四种范围,这四种范围作用域由大到小分别是page>request>session>applica ...
- poj 1562 dfs
http://poj.org/problem?id=1562 #include<iostream> using namespace std; ,m=,sum=; ][]; ][]={-,, ...
- poj 2503 查字典
Description You have just moved from Waterloo to a big city. The people here speak an incomprehensib ...
- Linux远程连接工具
Linux远程连接可以使用SecureCRT工具完成 SecureCRT下载地址 修改虚拟机中的网络适配器---改为桥接模式 一,配置:在Linux终端上获取IP地址----ifconfig 二,同时 ...
- 《UNIX网络编程 卷1：套接字联网API》读书笔记（一）：网络编程简介
概述 要编写通过计算机网络通信的程序,首先要确定这些程序相互通信所用的协议.大多数网络是按照划分成客户和服务器来组织的.本章及后续章节的焦点是TCP/IP协议族,也可称为网际协议族.下图为客户与服务器 ...