RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11g DG测试环境快速搭建参考
环境现状：
两台虚拟主机A和B：
1. A机器已安装ASM存储的Oracle 11g 实例
2. B机器已安装系统，配置以及目录结构均和A机器保持一致
/u01 + 3块ASM盘
DG部署规划：
| primary | standby | |
| 主机 | JY-DB | JY-DBS |
| db_name | jyzhao | jyzhao |
| db_unique_name | jyzhao | jyzhao_s |
| instance_name | jyzhao | jyzhao_s |
| 存储 | +DATA1 | +DATA1 |
| 归档 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
|
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
|
| DGMGRL | jyzhao_dgmgrl | jyzhao_s_dgmgrl |
| GRID_HOME |
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
|
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
|
| ORACLE_HOME |
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
|
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
|
一、前期准备
二、DG部署配置
- 2.1 primary database 配置
- 2.2 机器B：standby数据库配置
- 2.3 机器A操作 duplicate数据库到机器B
- 2.4 B机器 srvctl add数据库jyzhao_s
三、DG切换测试
一、前期准备
1.1. A机器打包拷贝/u01/app到B机器（包含了grid和oracle软件安装目录）
# tar -zcvf app.tar.gz app # scp app.tar.gz 192.168.99.160:/u01/
root@192.168.99.160's password:
app.tar.gz 100% 3564MB 54.8MB/s 01:05
B机器解压，解压前确保第二步操作已完成。 # pwd
/u01
[root@JY-DBS u01]# ls
app.tar.gz lost+found
[root@JY-DBS u01]# tar -zxvf app.tar.gz
解压完成后，检查权限是正确的
# ls -lh
total 3.5G
drwxrwxr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 4.0K Mar 13 14:47 app
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.5G Mar 15 22:28 app.tar.gz
1.2. B机器配置用户，系统参数，安装依赖包，用户环境变量，ASM磁盘
配置用户，系统参数，安装依赖包，用户环境变量
注：在第一步解压前做完，会发现权限都是正确的不用费心再改
root用户执行脚本
# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl 配置has
需要建立asm磁盘组 环境变量：
vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora *.asm_diskstring='/dev/mapper/ora*'
*.asm_power_limit=1
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/grid'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=12M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' $ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 16 10:51:02 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service $ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE jy-dbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-dbs
$ crsctl start resource ora.cssd
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-dbs'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'jy-dbs'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'jy-dbs' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-dbs' succeeded
$ crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE jy-dbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-dbs
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE jy-dbs $ sqlplus / as sysasm SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 16 10:55:39 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup
ASM instance started Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes
Fixed Size 2260728 bytes
Variable Size 1108320520 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------------------
STARTED col description for a35
col process for a35
set linesize 120
select sid, serial#, process, name, description from v$session join v$bgprocess using(paddr); col path for a45
col name for a30
select group_number, disk_number, mount_status, name, path from v$asm_disk order by group_number, disk_number;
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_STATUS NAME PATH
------------ ----------- -------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------
0 0 CLOSED /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm3
0 1 CLOSED /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm2
0 2 CLOSED /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm1 查看A机器的磁盘组信息：
select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ ---------- ----------
1 DATA1 EXTERN 30708 29017 B机器创建ASM磁盘组DATA1：
select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
no rows selected CREATE DISKGROUP data1 EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK '/dev/mapper/ora*';
Diskgroup created. select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup; GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ ---------- ----------
1 DATA1 EXTERN 30708 30654
至此，准备工作结束。
二、DG部署配置
2.1 primary database 配置
确保将数据库的force_logging打开，设置为归档模式，数据库闪回打开 SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/system.256.874084601
+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/sysaux.257.874084601
+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/undotbs1.258.874084601
+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/users.259.874084601 SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
NO SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered. SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1620115456 bytes
Fixed Size 2253704 bytes
Variable Size 1006636152 bytes
Database Buffers 603979776 bytes
Redo Buffers 7245824 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered. SQL> alter database flashback on;
alter database flashback on
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38706: Cannot turn on FLASHBACK DATABASE logging.
ORA-38709: Recovery Area is not enabled. SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 12
Next log sequence to archive 14
Current log sequence 14 $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch SQL> alter database flashback on;
alter database flashback on
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38706: Cannot turn on FLASHBACK DATABASE logging.
ORA-38709: Recovery Area is not enabled. SQL> show parameter db_recover
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 0
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=5G;
System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch';
System altered. SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.
按之前的规划设置数据库的参数
主要是db_unique_name, log_archive_config, log_archive_dest_1, log_archive_dest_2, log_archive_format, fal_server, fal_client, standby_file_management的设置，standby logfile的添加，密码文件的创建。
alter system set db_unique_name='jyzhao' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,jyzhao_s)' scope=spfile; alter system set log_archive_dest_='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_='SERVICE=jyzhao_s ASYNC LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s' scope=spfile; alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%r_%t_%s.arc' scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_server=jyzhao_s scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=jyzhao scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
alter database add standby logfile group size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group size 50M; rm /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_/dbs/orapwjyzhao
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao password=oracle entries= ignorecase=Y
grid用户配置监听
--listener.ora
DGL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))
) SID_LIST_DGL =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = jyzhao)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_dgmgrl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = jyzhao)
)
) ADR_BASE_DGL = /u01/app/grid
oracle用户配置tnsnames.ora
--tnsnames.ora
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao )
)
)
JYZHAO_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao_s)
)
)
grid用户重启监听：
lsnrctl stop dgl
lsnrctl start dgl
oracle用户测试连接：
sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DB/jyzhao_dgmgrl as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DB/jyzhao as sysdba
SQL> show parameter audi
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/jyzhao/a
dump
重启primary
shutdown immediate
startup
2.2 机器B：standby数据库配置
grid用户配置监听
--listener.ora
--listener.ora
DGL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))
) SID_LIST_DGL =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_s)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = jyzhao_s)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_s_dgmgrl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = jyzhao_s)
)
) ADR_BASE_DGL = /u01/app/grid
grid用户启动监听
$ lsnrctl start dgl
oracle用户配置tnsnames.ora
--tnsnames.ora
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao )
)
)
JYZHAO_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao_s)
)
)
echo "db_name=jyzhao" >> $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initjyzhao_s.ora
echo $ORACLE_SID
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount
oracle用户测试连接 ：
sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao_s as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DBS/jyzhao_s_dgmgrl as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DBS/jyzhao_s as sysdba
2.3 机器A操作 duplicate数据库到机器B
验证到机器B可以登录
$ sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao_s as sysdba
vi duplicate_dg.sql
duplicate target database
for standby
from active database
DORECOVER
spfile
set db_unique_name='jyzhao_s'
set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s'
set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jyzhao ASYNC LGWR
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'
set standby_file_management='AUTO'
set fal_server='jyzhao'
set fal_client='jyzhao_s'
set control_files='+DATA1'
set memory_target='0'
set sga_target='600M';
[oracle@JY-DB ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@jyzhaos cmdfile=duplicate_standby.sql
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Mar 16 23:21:37 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JYZHAO (DBID=2463175424)
connected to auxiliary database: JYZHAO (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database
2> for standby
3> from active database
4> DORECOVER
5> spfile
6> set db_unique_name='jyzhao_s'
7> set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
8> DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s'
9> set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=MACDBN ASYNC LGWR
10> VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'
11> set standby_file_management='AUTO'
12> set fal_server='jyzhao'
13> set fal_client='jyzhao_s'
14> set control_files='+DATA1'
15> set memory_target='0'
16> set sga_target='600M';
17>
Starting Duplicate Db at 16-MAR-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=111 device type=DISK
……
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@JY-DB ~]$
2.4 B机器 srvctl add数据库jyzhao_s
注：开始_s有问题，是因为添加指定的参数不足：
srvctl add database -d jyzhao_s -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -p +DATA1/JYZHAO_S/spfilejyzhao_s.ora -n jyzhao -i jyzhao_s srvctl modify database -d jyzhao_s -r PHYSICAL_STANDBY
三、DG切换测试
3.1 手动switchover
1主库切换成standby，启动到mount
select OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS from v$database;
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
2.备库切换成primary，启动到open
select OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS from v$database;
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
3.新的备库执行日志应用
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
3.2 Data Guard Broker 快速switchover
SQL> show parameter dg_broker_start
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
dg_broker_start boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start = true;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter dg_broker_start
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
dg_broker_start boolean TRUE
配置dgmgrl
create CONFIGURATION jydb as primary database is jyzhao CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS jyzhao; add database jyzhao_s as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS jyzhao_s MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL; enable configuration; show configuration; switchover to jyzhao_s; switchover to jyzhao; show database verbose jydb
References
- Oracle® Data Guard Broker 11g Release 2 (11.2)
- Oracle® Data Guard Concepts and Administration 11g Release 2 (11.2)
- http://t.askmaclean.com/thread-2530-1-1.html
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