《Python黑帽子：黑客与渗透测试编程之道》 网络：原始套接字和流量嗅探

Windows 上的包嗅探

#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
import os

#监听的主机
host = "10.10.10.160"

#创建原始套接字，然后绑定在公开接口上
if os.name == "nt":
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP

sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)

sniffer.bind((host,0))

#设置在捕获的数据包中包含IP头
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)
#在Windows平台上，我们需要设置IOCTL以启动混杂模式
if os.name == "nt":
    sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)

#读取单个数据包
print sniffer.recvfrom(65565)

#在Windows平台上关闭混杂模式
if os.name == "nt":
    sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)

使用scapy  DNS 嗅探

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from scapy.all import *

scapy.config.conf.sniff_promisc=True #设置混杂模式

def packetHandler(pkt):
    print(pkt.summary())
    udp = pkt.getlayer(UDP)
    print(udp.show())
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dev = "en0"
    filter = "udp port 53"
    sniff(filter=filter,prn=packetHandler,iface=dev)

使用scapy  DNS 欺骗

#coding=utf-8

import os
import sys
import subprocess
from scapy.all import *

RSN = 48    #管理帧信息元素（Dot11Elt)ID48是RSN信息
WPA = 221   #管理帧信息元素ID221是WPA信息
Dot11i = {0:'GroupCipher',
          1:'WEP-40',
          2:'TKIP',
          4:'CCMP',
          5:'WEP-104'
          } #RSN信息的第6字节
WPA_Auth = {1:'802.11x/PMK',
            2:'PSK'
           } #RSN信息的第22字节
DN = open(os.devnull,'w')

def get_wlan_interfaces():
    '''
    返回当前PC上所有的无线网卡以及网卡所处的模式
    '''
    interfaces = {'monitor':[],'managed':[],'all':[]}
    proc = subprocess.Popen(['iwconfig'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=DN)
    lines = proc.communicate()[0].split('\n')
    for line in lines:
        if line:
            if line[0] != ' ':
                iface = line.split(' ')[0]
                if 'Mode:Monitor' in line:
                    interfaces['monitor'].append(iface)
                if 'IEEE 802.11' in line:
                    interfaces['managed'].append(iface)
                interfaces['all'].append(iface)
    if len(interfaces['managed']) == 0:
        sys.exit('[!]没有无线网卡，请插入网卡')
    return interfaces

interfaces = get_wlan_interfaces()  #获取当前的无线网卡

def get_strongest_inface():
    '''
    通过iwlist dev scan命令，根据无线网卡可获取到的AP数量来判断哪个网卡的功率最强
    '''
    iface_APs = []
    #interfaces = get_wlan_interfaces()
    for iface in interfaces['managed']:
        count = 0
        if iface:
            proc = subprocess.Popen(['iwlist',iface,'scan'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=DN)
            lines = proc.communicate()[0].split('\n')
            for line in lines:
                if line:
                    if '- Address:' in line:
                        count += 1
            iface_APs.append((count,iface))
    interface = max(iface_APs)[1]
    return interface

def start_monitor_mode():
    '''
    通过airmon-ng工具将无线网卡启动为监听状态
    '''
    if interfaces['monitor']:
        print '[*]监听网卡为：%s' % interfaces['monitor'][0]
        return interfaces['monitor'][0]
    interface = get_strongest_inface()
    print '[*]网卡%s开启监听模式...' % interface
    try:
        os.system('/usr/sbin/airmon-ng start %s' % interface)
        moni_inface = get_wlan_interfaces()['monitor']
        print '[*]监听网卡为：%s' % moni_inface[0]
        return moni_inface
    except:
        sys.exit('[!]无法开启监听模式')

def get_AP_info(pkt):
    '''
    从Dot11数据包中获取AP的SSID，BSSID，chanle，加密等信息
    '''
    AP_info = {}
    bssid = pkt[Dot11][Dot11Elt].info
    ssid = pkt[Dot11].addr2
    chanle = str(ord(pkt[Dot11][Dot11Elt][:3].info))
    AP_infos = [bssid,chanle]
    wpa_info,cipher_info = get_Dot11_RSN(pkt)
    if wpa_info and cipher_info:
        AP_infos = AP_infos + [wpa_info,cipher_info]
    AP_info[ssid]=AP_infos
    return AP_info

APs_info = {}
def get_APs_info(pkt):
    global APs_info
    if pkt.haslayer(Dot11) and (pkt.haslayer(Dot11Beacon) or pkt.haslayer(Dot11ProbeResp)):
        AP_info = get_AP_info(pkt)

        if not APs_info.has_key(AP_info.keys()[0]):
            APs_info.update(AP_info)
    return APs_info

already_shows = []
def show_APs_info(pkt):
    global already_shows
    APs_info = get_APs_info(pkt)
    for (key,value) in APs_info.items():
        if key not in already_shows:
            already_shows.append(key)
            print '-' * 40
            print ' [+]AP的BSSID：%s' % value[0]
            print ' [+]AP的SSID：%s' % key
            print ' [+]AP当前的chanle:%s' % value[1]
            if len(value) == 4:
                print ' [+]AP的认证方式为：%s' % value[2]
                print ' [+]AP的加密算法为：%s' % value[3]
            else:
                print ' [+]开放验证！！'
            print '-' * 40

def get_Dot11_RSN(pkt):
    '''
    从Beacon帧以及ProbeResponse帧获取cipher及auth信息
    '''
    ssid = pkt[Dot11].addr2
    len_Elt = len(pkt[Dot11Elt].summary().split('/'))
    #print pkt.show()
    for i in range(len_Elt):
        if pkt[Dot11Elt][i].ID == RSN:
            try:
                RSN_info = hexstr(pkt[Dot11Elt][i].info)
                cipher_index = RSN_info.find('ac') #第一个00 0f ac 02中的‘02’代表cipher
                auth_index = RSN_info.rfind('ac')   #从后往前数第一个00 0f ac 02中的‘02’代表AUTH
                cipher_num = int(RSN_info[(cipher_index + 3):(cipher_index + 5)])
                auth_num = int(RSN_info[(auth_index + 3):(auth_index + 5)])
                for key,value in Dot11i.items():
                    if cipher_num == key:
                        cipher_info = value
                for key,value in WPA_Auth.items():
                    if auth_num == key:
                        wpa_info = value
            #print wpa_info,cipher_info
                return wpa_info,cipher_info
            except:
                pass
    return None,None

def sniffering(interface,action):
    '''
    嗅探5000个数据包
    '''
    print '[*]附近AP信息如下：'
    sniff(iface=interface,prn=action,count=5000,store=0)

def main():
    moni_inface = start_monitor_mode()
    sniffering(moni_inface, show_APs_info)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

自己实现IP层的解码

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import socket
import os
import struct
from ctypes import *

#监听的主机
host = "192.168.1.2"

#IP头定义
class IP(Structure):
    """docstring for IP"""
    _fields_ = [
        ("ihl",            c_ubyte, 4),
        ("version",        c_ubyte, 4),
        ("tos",            c_ubyte),
        ("len",            c_ushort),
        ("id",            c_ushort),
        ("offset",        c_ushort),
        ("ttl",            c_ubyte),
        ("protocol_num",    c_ubyte),
        ("sum",            c_ushort),
        ("src",            c_ulong),
        ("dst",            c_ulong)
    ]

    def __new__(self,socket_buffer=None):
        return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)

    def __init__(self, socket_buffer=None):
        #协议字段与协议名称对应
        self.protocol_map = {1:"ICMP",6:"TCP",17:"UDP"}

        #可读性更强的IP地址
        self.src_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.src))
        self.dst_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.dst))

        #协议类型
        try:
            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
        except:
            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)

#下面的代码类似于之前的例子
if os.name == "nt":
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP

sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)

sniffer.bind((host,0))
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)

if os.name == "nt":
    sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)

try:
    while True:

        #读取数据包
        raw_buffer = sniffer.recvfrom(65565)[0]

        #将缓冲区的前20个字节按IP头进行解析
        ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])

        #输出协议和通信双方IP地址
        print("Protocol : %s %s -> %s"%(ip_header.protocol,ip_header.src_address,ip_header.dst_address))
#处理CTRL-C
except KeyboardInterrupt:

    #如果运行在Windows上，关闭混杂模式
    if os.name == "nt":
        sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)

改进的可在Kali中运行的代码

#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
import os
import struct
from ctypes import *

#监听的主机
host = "192.168.1.2"

#IP头定义
class IP(Structure):
    """docstring for IP"""
    _fields_ = [
        ("ihl",            c_ubyte, 4),
        ("version",        c_ubyte, 4),
        ("tos",            c_ubyte),
        ("len",            c_ushort),
        ("id",            c_ushort),
        ("offset",        c_ushort),
        ("ttl",            c_ubyte),
        ("protocol_num",    c_ubyte),
        ("sum",            c_ushort),
        ("src",            c_uint32),
        ("dst",            c_uint32)
    ]

    def __new__(self,socket_buffer=None):
        return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)

    def __init__(self, socket_buffer=None):
        #协议字段与协议名称对应
        self.protocol_map = {1:"ICMP",6:"TCP",17:"UDP"}

        #可读性更强的IP地址
        self.src_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("@I",self.src))
        self.dst_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("@I",self.dst))

        #协议类型
        try:
            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
        except:
            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)

#下面的代码类似于之前的例子
if os.name == "nt":
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP

sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)

sniffer.bind((host,0))
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)

if os.name == "nt":
    sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)

try:
    while True:

        #读取数据包
        raw_buffer = sniffer.recvfrom(65565)[0]

        #将缓冲区的前20个字节按IP头进行解析
        ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])

        #输出协议和通信双方IP地址
        print "Protocol : %s %s -> %s"%(ip_header.protocol,ip_header.src_address,ip_header.dst_address)
#处理CTRL-C
except KeyboardInterrupt:

    #如果运行在Windows上，关闭混杂模式
    if os.name == "nt":
        sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)

解码ICMP层信息

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
import socket
import os
import struct
from ctypes import *

class IP(Structure):
    """docstring for IP"""
    _fields_ = [
        ("ihl",            c_ubyte, 4),
        ("version",        c_ubyte, 4),
        ("tos",            c_ubyte),
        ("len",            c_ushort),
        ("id",            c_ushort),
        ("offset",        c_ushort),
        ("ttl",            c_ubyte),
        ("protocol_num",    c_ubyte),
        ("sum",            c_ushort),
        ("src",            c_ulong),
        ("dst",            c_ulong)
    ]

    def __new__(self,socket_buffer=None):
        return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)

    def __init__(self, socket_buffer=None):
        self.protocol_map = {1:"ICMP",6:"TCP",17:"UDP"}

        self.src_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.src))
        self.dst_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.dst))

        try:
            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
        except:
            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)

class ICMP(Structure):
    """docstring for ICMP"""
    _fields_ = [
        ("type",            c_ubyte),
        ("code",            c_ubyte),
        ("checksum",        c_ushort),
        ("unused",        c_ushort),
        ("next_hop_mtu",    c_ushort)
    ]

    def __new__(self,socket_buffer):
        return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)

    def __new__(self,socket_buffer):
        pass

if os.name == "nt":
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
    socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP

sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)

sniffer.bind(("192.168.1.2",0))
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)

if os.name == "nt":
    sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)

try:
    while True:

        raw_buffer = sniffer.recvfrom(65565)[0]

        ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])

        print ("Protocol : %s %s -> %s"%(ip_header.protocol,ip_header.src_address,ip_header.dst_address))

        #如果为ICMP，进行处理
        if ip_header.protocol == "ICMP":

            #计算ICMP包的起始位置
            offset = ip_header.ihl*4
            buf = raw_buffer[offset:offset + sizeof(ICMP)]

            #解析ICMP数据
            icmp_header = ICMP(buf)

            print ("ICMP -> Type : %d  Code : %d"%(icmp_header.type,icmp_header.code))

except KeyboardInterrupt:

    if os.name == "nt":
        sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)

自己实现PING

# encoding:utf-
import time,struct,socket,select

def chesksum(data):
    n = len(data)
    m = n %
    sum =
    for i in range(, n - m, ):
        # 传入data以每两个字节（十六进制）通过ord转十进制，第一字节在低位，第二个字节在高位
        sum += (data[i]) + ((data[i+]) << )
        sum = (sum >> ) + (sum & 0xffff)
    if m:
        sum += (data[-])
        sum = (sum >> ) + (sum & 0xffff)
    answer = ~sum & 0xffff
    #  主机字节序转网络字节序列
    answer = answer >>  | (answer <<  & 0xff00)
    return answer

def request_ping(data_type, data_code, data_checksum, data_ID, data_Sequence, payload_body):
    #  把字节打包成二进制数据
    imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s', data_type, data_code, data_checksum, data_ID, data_Sequence, payload_body)
    # 获取校验和
    icmp_chesksum = chesksum(imcp_packet)
    #  把校验和传入，再次打包
    imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s', data_type, data_code, icmp_chesksum, data_ID, data_Sequence, payload_body)
    return imcp_packet

# 初始化套接字，并发送
def raw_socket(dst_addr,imcp_packet):
    # 实例化一个socket对象，ipv4，原套接字(普通套接字无法处理ICMP等报文)，分配协议端口
    rawsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))
    # 记录当前请求时间
    send_request_ping_time = time.time()
    # 发送数据到网络
    rawsocket.sendto(imcp_packet, (dst_addr, ))
    return send_request_ping_time, rawsocket

def reply_ping(send_request_ping_time, rawsocket, data_Sequence, timeout=):
    while True:
        # 实例化select对象（非阻塞），可读，可写为空，异常为空，超时时间
        what_ready = select.select([rawsocket], [], [], timeout)
        # 等待时间 wait_for_time = (time.time() - started_select)
        wait_for_time = (time.time() - send_request_ping_time)
        # 没有返回可读的内容，判断超时
        if what_ready[] == []:  # Timeout
            return -
        # 记录接收时间
        time_received = time.time()
        # 设置接收的包的字节为1024
        received_packet, addr = rawsocket.recvfrom()
        # 获取接收包的icmp头
        icmpHeader = received_packet[:]
        # 反转编码
        type, code, r_checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack(
            ">BBHHH", icmpHeader
        )
        if type ==  and sequence == data_Sequence:
            return time_received - send_request_ping_time
        # 数据包的超时时间判断
        timeout = timeout - wait_for_time
        if timeout <= :
            return -

def ping(host):
    sumtime, shorttime, longtime, avgtime = , , ,
    # TODO icmp数据包的构建
    # 8回射请求 11超时 0回射应答
    data_type =
    data_code =
    # 检验和
    data_checksum =
    # ID
    data_ID =
    # 序号
    data_Sequence =
    # 可选的内容
    payload_body = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi' #data
    # 将主机名转ipv4地址格式，返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串，如果主机名称是ipv4地址，则它将保持不变
    dst_addr = socket.gethostbyname(host)
    print("正在 Ping {0} [{1}] 具有 32 字节的数据:".format(host, dst_addr))
    # 默认发送3次
    for i in range(, ):
        # 请求ping数据包的二进制转换
        icmp_packet = request_ping(data_type, data_code, data_checksum, data_ID, data_Sequence + i, payload_body)
        # 连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
        send_request_ping_time, rawsocket = raw_socket(dst_addr, icmp_packet)
        # 数据包传输时间
        times = reply_ping(send_request_ping_time, rawsocket, data_Sequence + i)
        if times > :
            print("来自 {0} 的回复: 字节=32 时间={1}ms".format(dst_addr, int(times*)))
            return_time = int(times * )
            sumtime += return_time
            if return_time > longtime:
                longtime = return_time
            if return_time < shorttime:
                shorttime = return_time
            time.sleep(0.7)
        else:
            print("请求超时")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ping("www.baidu.com")