实战ELK（2） ElasticSearch 常用命令

1、Cluster Health 集群状态

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/health?v'

yellow代表分片副本确实，因为我们现在只有一台机器。

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v'

2、List All Indices 查询所有的索引

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'

3、Create an Index 创建索引

curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/customer?pretty' 

这个pretty的意思格式化返回的json，大家可以去掉试试

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'

health | index      | pri   | rep   | docs.count | docs.deleted | store.size | pri.store.size
yellow | customer   | 5     | 1     | 0          |0             | 495b       | 495b

4、Index and Query 索引文档操作

创建或者更新:

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty' -d'
{
    "name":"腊肉"
}'

小提示：6.0的版本不允许一个index下面有多个type，并且官方说是在接下来的7.0版本中会删掉type

查询:

curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty'

更新文档

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1/_update?pretty' -d' { "doc": { "name": "Jane Doe" } }'

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1/_update?pretty' -d ' { "doc": { "name": "Jane Doe", "age": 20 } }'

Script:

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1/_update?pretty' -d ' { "script" : "ctx._source.age += 5" }'

Error:

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [ {
      "type" : "remote_transport_exception",
      "reason" : "[Angelica Jones][127.0.0.1:9300][indices:data/write/update[s]]"
    } ],
    "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
    "reason" : "failed to execute script",
    "caused_by" : {
      "type" : "script_exception",
      "reason" : "scripts of type [inline], operation [update] and lang [groovy] are disabled"
    }
  },
  "status" : 400
}

Solution:elasticsearch.yml

script.inline: on
script.indexed: on

删除文档

curl -XDELETE 'localhost:9200/customer/external/2?pretty’

The delete-by-query plugin can delete all documents matching a specific query.

XPUT与XPOST的不同

PUT是幂等方法，而POST并不是。

　　PUT用于更新操作，POST用于新增操作比较合适。

　　PUT，DELETE操作是幂等的，所谓幂等就是指不管进行多少次操作，结果都一样。

　　比如，我用PUT修改一篇文章，然后在做同样的操作，每次操作后的结果并没有不同，DELETE也是一样。

　　POST操作不是幂等，比如常见的POST重复加载问题：当我们多次发出同样的POST请求后，其结果是创建出了若干的资源。

　　还有一点需要注意的是，创建操作可以使用POST，也可以使用PUT。区别在于POST是作用在一个集合资源之上的（/articles），而PUT操作是作用在一个具体资源之上的（/articles/123），比如说很多资源使用数据库自增主键作为标识信息，而创建的资源的标识信息到底是什么只能由服务端提供，这个时候就必须使用POST。

5、Delete an Index 删除索引

curl -XDELETE 'localhost:9200/customer?pretty'

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health | index | pri | rep | docs.count | docs.deleted  | store.size | pri.store.size

curl -X :///

6、批量操作

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/external/_bulk?pretty' -d
'{"index":{"_id":"1”}}
 {"name": "John Doe” }
 {"index":{"_id":"2”}}
 {"name": "Jane Doe" } ‘

Delete:

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/external/_bulk?pretty' -d
' {"update":{"_id":"1”}}
 {
    "doc": { "name": "John Doe becomes Jane Doe" }
 }
 {"delete":{"_id":"2"}} ‘

7、The Search API

curl 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?q=*&pretty’

• took –

  time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to execute the search

• timed_out –

  tells us if the search timed out or not

• _shards –

  tells us how many shards were searched, as well as a count of the successful/failed searched shards

• hits –

  search results

• hits.total –

  total number of documents matching our search criteria

• hits.hits –

  actual array of search results (defaults to first 10 documents)

• _score and max_score -

  ignore these fields for now

XPOST:

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_all": {} } }'

NO CURSOR DON’T LIKE SQL

8、查询语句

curl -XPOST  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "size": 1 }'

curl -XPOST  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "from": 10, "size": 10 }'

curl -XPOST  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "sort": { "balance": { "order": "desc" } } }'
这里size的意思是返回多少条，from是从第几条开始。

基础查询

• Fields:字段

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "_source": ["account_number", "balance"] }'

• 返回account numbered 为20:

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match": { "account_number": 20 } } }'

• address中包含term "mill" :

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match": { "address": "mill" } } }'

• address中包含term "mill" 或"lane" in the address:

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match": { "address": "mill lane" } } }'

• address中包含phrase "mill lane":

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/customer/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "match_phrase": { "address": "mill lane" } } }'

• AND

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "address": "mill" } }, { "match": { "address": "lane" } } ] } } }'

• OR

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "bool": { "should": [ { "match": { "address": "mill" } }, { "match": { "address": "lane" } } ] } } }'

• NOR

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "bool": { "must_not": [ { "match": { "address": "mill" } }, { "match": { "address": "lane" } } ] } } }'

• Anybody who is 40 years old but don’t live in ID(aho):

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "age": "40" } } ], "must_not": [ { "match": { "state": "ID" } } ] } } }'

Range Query:

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "query": { "bool": { "must": { "match_all": {} }, "filter": { "range": { "balance": { "gte": 20000, "lte": 30000 } } } } } }'

Executing Aggregations聚合

Groups all the accounts by state, and then returns the top 10 (default) states sorted by count descending (also default):

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state"
      }
    }
  }
}'

SELECT state, COUNT(*) FROM bank GROUP BY state ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC

• Calculates the average account balance by state:

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d ' { "size": 0, "aggs": { "group_by_state": { "terms": { "field": "state" }, "aggs": { "average_balance": { "avg": { "field": "balance" } } } } } }'

You can nest aggregations inside aggregations arbitrarily to extract pivoted summarizations that you require from your data.

• Sort on the average balance in descending order:

    curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
    {
      "size": 0,
      "aggs": {
        "group_by_state": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "state",
            "order": {
              "average_balance": "desc"
            }
          },
          "aggs": {
            "average_balance": {
              "avg": {
                "field": "balance"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }'

• Group by age brackets (ages 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49), then by gender, and then finally get the average account balance, per age bracket, per gender:

curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"group_by_age": {
"range": {
"field": "age",
"ranges": [
{
"from": 20,
"to": 30
},
{
"from": 30,
"to": 40
},
{
"from": 40,
"to": 50
}
]
},
"aggs": {
"group_by_gender": {
"terms": {
"field": "gender"
},
"aggs": {
"average_balance": {
"avg": {
"field": "balance"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}'

Reference

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/getting-started.html