我们常常将oracle rac数据库通过dataguard容灾到一个单实例数据库中。当生产库出现问题后能够将生产库切换到dgserver上。而当生产库rac修复完毕后。我们相同能够通过dg将数据回切到生产库中。

此次測试将单实例数据库通过dg转换为rac数据库，这个单实例是刚创建的，并非由rac通过dg生成的。

在做dg之前须要安装完毕grid，不须要创建数据库实例。在日志应用的时候必须仅仅能是一个实例应用。

详细环境例如以下：

单实例库：

数据库版本号:11.2.0.4.0

sid：suq

db_unique_name=suq

ip：192.168.56.35

hostname:11g1

rac数据库：

数据库版本号:11.2.0.4.0

sid：suq1、suq2

db_unique_name=suq1

ip地址规划：

#PUBLIC

192.168.56.110  suq1 

192.168.56.112  suq2

#VIP

192.168.56.111   suq1-vip

192.168.56.113   suq2-vip

#PRIV

172.168.1.21    suq1-priv

172.168.1.23    suq2-priv

#SCAN

192.168.56.25   suq-cluster-scan

详细过程例如以下：

1.配置一些rac和dg的基本參数，包含：

改动主库force logging、创建standby logfile、创建password文件而且复制到rac下、加入主库和备库的服务命名：

alter database force logging;

alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo04.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo05.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo06.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo07.log') size 50m;

##

primary=

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.35)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = suq)

    )

  )

standby=

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.111)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = suq1)

      (UR = A)

    )

  )

注意：standby端即rac端的ip地址写的是suq1的vip地址，并且须要加上(UR=A)选项，否则通过sqlplus连接不到rac实例。

2.生成standby端的oracle 參数文件。这一步參数里面的内容及其重要。必须写正确。特别是rac和dg的參数。眼下我的rac有三个磁盘组

[grid@suq2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg

State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576      3435     3329                0            3329              0             N  BACKUP/

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576      4305     1988                0            1988              0             N  DATADG/

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576      1458     1058                0            1058              0             Y  SYSTEMDG/

以下是我写好的一个參数文件：

suq.__db_cache_size=335544320

suq.__java_pool_size=4194304

suq.__large_pool_size=4194304

suq.__oracle_base='/u01/app'

suq.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320

suq.__sga_target=503316480

suq.__shared_io_pool_size=0

suq.__shared_pool_size=146800640

suq.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/suq'

*.audit_trail='none'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='+DATADG/suq/control.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='suq'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+BACKUP'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.memory_target=838860800

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

#### rac parameter

suq1.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521))'

suq2.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.113)(PORT=1521))'

suq1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

suq2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

suq1.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'

suq2.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'

suq1.instance_name=suq1

suq2.instance_name=suq2

suq1.instance_number=1

suq2.instance_number=2

*.cluster_database=true

*.cluster_database_instances=2

*.db_create_file_dest='+DATADG'

*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='+DATADG'

suq1.thread=1

suq2.thread=2

### dg parameter

*.db_unique_name=suq1

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'

*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+datadg/suq/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq1'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq'

*.fal_server=primary

*.fal_client=standby

注意：suq1、suq2的local_listener和remote_listener必须配置正确。否则打开库之后scan ip可能失效

3.配置主库的dg參数：

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)' scope=both;  

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq1' scope=both;

alter system set fal_server=suq1 scope=both;

alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;

4.在保证全部须要的文件夹都已经创建完毕的情况下，将备库启动到nomount。而且測试tnsnames的连通性：

SQL>startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/initsuq1.ora'

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size		    2257840 bytes

Variable Size		  553651280 bytes

Database Buffers	  272629760 bytes

Redo Buffers		    6565888 bytes

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2015 21:27:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                26-JUL-2015 18:58:27

Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 29 min. 17 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/suq1/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.110)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "suq1" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "suq1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@11g1 ~]$  sqlplus sys/manager@standby as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:48:08 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/manager@primary as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:50:25 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit

5.使用duplicate 创建standby database：

[oracle@11g1 arch]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jul 26 22:28:11 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: SUQ (DBID=1469685490)

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/manager@standby

connected to auxiliary database: SUQ (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database; 

Starting Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=141 instance=suq1 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

   backup as copy reuse

   targetfile  '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq' auxiliary format

 '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwsuq1'   ;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=147 device type=DISK

Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

contents of Memory Script:

{

   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '+DATADG/suq/control.ctl';

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying standby control file

output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_suq.f tag=TAG20150726T222820 RECID=3 STAMP=886112900

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for tempfile  1 to

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf";

   switch clone tempfile all;

   set newname for datafile  1 to

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  2 to

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  3 to

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  4 to

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf";

   backup as copy reuse

   datafile  1 auxiliary format

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf"   datafile

 2 auxiliary format

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile

 3 auxiliary format

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile

 4 auxiliary format

 "+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf"   ;

   sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to +DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 26-JUL-15

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf

output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf

output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 26-JUL-15

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

6.standby开启实时应用：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

注意：我在做到这一步的时候一開始发现主库怎么也不向备库发送归档文件，也没有不论什么报错信息。搞了非常长时间。后来将log_archive_dest_state_2又一次设置为enable后就正常了。

7.switch over。将备库转换为主库，分别在主库我备库进行角色转换：

主库：

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------------

SESSIONS ACTIVE

注：当SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值为TO STANDBY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的时候表示主库能够支持SWITCHOVER.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

Database altered.

备库：

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------------

SESSIONS ACTIVE

注：仅仅有SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值为TO PRIMARY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的状态时。表示备库当前支持switch over操作。

SQL>  ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY with session shutdown;

Database altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

8.到这一步，rac的一个节点已经能够正常打开数据库了，可是节点2须要的redo，undo表空间都还没有。须要手工创建：

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 8 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo08.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 9 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo09.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 10 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo10.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile '+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs02.dbf' size 20m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter database enable public thread 2; 

Database altered.

SQL> @?

/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql

Package created.

Package body created.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

View created.

Synonym created.

Grant succeeded.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

View created.

Grant succeeded.

Synonym created.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

节点2打开数据库。測试数据库是否正常：

[oracle@suq2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jul 27 09:54:00 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size		    2257840 bytes

Variable Size		  553651280 bytes

Database Buffers	  272629760 bytes

Redo Buffers		    6565888 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> 

SQL> select * from v$active_instances。

INST_NUMBER INST_NAME

----------- --------------------------------------------------

	  1 suq1:suq1

	  2 suq2:suq2

SQL> select * from v$Log;

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE	  MEMBERS ARC STATUS	       FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------

	 1	    1	      35   52428800	   512		1 NO  CURRENT		      288331 27-JUL-15	 2.8147E+14

	 2	    1	      33   52428800	   512		1 YES INACTIVE		      281944 27-JUL-15	     282047 27-JUL-15

	 3	    1	      34   52428800	   512		1 YES ACTIVE		      282047 27-JUL-15	     288331 27-JUL-15

	 8	    2	       4   52428800	   512		1 NO  CURRENT		      288227 27-JUL-15	 2.8147E+14

	 9	    2	       2   52428800	   512		1 YES INACTIVE		      286810 27-JUL-15	     286815 27-JUL-15

	10	    2	       3   52428800	   512		1 YES ACTIVE		      286815 27-JUL-15	     288227 27-JUL-15

8.此时的数据库是能够正常打开使用了，一般还需将參数文件写到asm中，并且此时的数据库都是本地管理，并没有注冊到grid中，还须要手工注冊：

[grid@suq1 admin]$ srvctl config database

[grid@suq1 admin]$

[grid@suq1 admin]$ crsctl stat res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.BACKUP.dg

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.DATADG.dg

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.LISTENER.lsnr

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.SYSTEMDG.dg

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.asm

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1                     Started

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2                     Started

ora.gsd

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      suq1

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      suq2

ora.net1.network

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.ons

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.registry.acfs

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

               ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.cvu

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.oc4j

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.scan1.vip

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2

ora.suq1.vip

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq1

ora.suq2.vip

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       suq2  

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add database -d suq -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl config database

suq

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq1 -i suq1

[oracle@suq1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq2 -i suq2

SQL> create spfile='+datadg' from pfile;

File created.

[root@suq1 cssd]# srvctl modify database -d suq -p '+datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615' 

[oracle@suq1 dbs]$ srvctl config database -d suq -a

Database unique name: suq

Database name:

Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Oracle user: oracle

Spfile: +datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615

Domain:

Start options: open

Stop options: immediate

Database role: PRIMARY

Management policy: AUTOMATIC

Server pools: suq

Database instances: suq1,suq2

Disk Groups:

Mount point paths:

Services:

Type: RAC

Database is enabled

Database is administrator managed

查看一下监听，有可能还须要改动services_name參数：

SQL> alter system set service_names=suq scope=both;

到此，单实例已经转换完毕了rac数据库。能够重新启动一下机器，看看数据库是否能自己主动启动，资源是否正常。

good luck。

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