Oracle 11g RAC 环境下单实例非缺省监听及端口配置

如果在Oracle 11g RAC环境下使用dbca创建单实例数据库后，Oracle会自动将其注册到缺省的1521端口及监听器。大多数情况下我们使用的为非缺省监听器以及非缺省的监听端口。而且在Oracle 11g RAC环境中，对于集群监听器的配置由grid用户来接管了。基于这种情形的单实例非缺省监听及端口该如何配置呢？本文给出了解决方案，并且使用了静态及动态两种注册方法。

关于单实例下非缺省监听及端口的配置可以参考下面的文章。实际上参照下列文章依旧可以完成RAC 环境下单实例非缺省监听及端口的配置，但
      RAC环境下较之前的单实例环境有些不同，所以记录下了这些个细小的差异。
            配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
            配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle            Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
            设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)            配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库

1、dbca创建单实例数据库后监听器的情形

--环境
[grid@linux1 ~]$ cat /etc/issue
Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage)
Kernel \r on an \m
[grid@linux1 ~]$ crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.2.0.1.0]

--实例cnbo为RAC环境下使用dbca创建，当前处于offline状态
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ crsstat | grep cnbo
ora.cnbo.db                              database       C OFFLINE    OFFLINE      (linux1)         0    Instance Shutdown

--缺省的listener处于offline状态
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ crsstat | grep Listener | grep OFFLINE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr                        Listener       L OFFLINE    OFFLINE      (linux1)         0   

--启动实例及监听
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d cnbo
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ srvctl start listener -l LISTENER
PRCC-1014 : LISTENER was already running

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=cnbo
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> set linesize 190
SQL> show parameter cluster_d          --->此实例为RAC环境下的单实例

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
cluster_database                     boolean                           FALSE
cluster_database_instances           integer                           1

--下面的lsnrctl status可以看到实例被注册到1521的默认端口，dbca创建完实例cnbo后并没有为其配置监听
--而实例确确实实的被注册到了缺省的监听器，应该来说这个是dbca是自动添加的
--注：从Oracle 11g RAC开始，集群监听器的配置由grid用户来接管，因此可以在$ORA_CRS_HOME/network/admin/目录下找到对应的listener.ora文件
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 12:35:43
  .............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).              --->该服务即是单实例cnbo提供的
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

2、配置非缺省的监听器并实现动态注册

--切换到Oracle用户下，并清空其下的listener.ora与tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 

--下面通过netca来为其配置监听器及tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ netca

-- Author : Robinson Cheng
-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612

-->下面是使用netca配置后的结果，包括listener.ora以及tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ADR_BASE_LISTENER_CNBO = /u01/app/oracle

LISTENER_CNBO =                           #--监听器的名字为LISTENER_CNBO，端口为1522
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  )

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

CNBO =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
    )
  )

--提示没有找到监听器，无法ping通，因为我们配置的监听器并没有启动
--尽管服务在缺省的监听器注册，但无法ping，即此路不通
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tnsping cnbo

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:28:47

Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522)))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener  

--下面我们启动非缺省的监听器
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER_CNBO

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:29:14
  ..............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_CNBO

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:30:20
  .............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services    -->没有任何服务及实例注册到监听器，等N久也不会有实例注册
The command completed successfully   -->因为这个是非缺省的，而且我们还没有配置动态注册

--下面我们来设置动态注册
--查看参数local_listener，此时已经被设置了，而且端口是1521，IP用的是虚IP
--这就是为什么实例创建后，会被自动注册到grid用户下缺省监听器的缘故
SQL> show parameter local_lis

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string                            (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
                                                                       DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linu
                                                                       x1-vip)(PORT=1521))))

--设置动态注册，收到了错误消息
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO';
alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'LISTENER_CNBO'

--对于前面出现的错误，给出两种解决方案，
--一是按照前面local_listener参数值的格式设置新的ip及端口，或者将这个描述信息添加到tnsnames.ora文件中
--下面我们选用了第二种解决方案
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "
> LISTENER_CNBO =
>       (ADDRESS_LIST =
>         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
>       )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

--再次设置参数local_listener
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO';

System altered.

--下面可以看到实例及服务已经自动注册到监听器LISTENER_CNBO
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_CNBO

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:35:04
    ...................
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--下面查看grid用户下原来的服务cnbo.orasrv.com及实例cnbo也不复存在
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:37:46
 .....
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3、配置非缺省的监听器并实现静态注册

--对于非缺省监听器，我们也可以为其配置静态注册方式
--首先我们停止监听器，并清空Oracle用户下的listener.ora与tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop LISTENER_CNBO
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
SQL> alter system set local_listener='';

--下面使用netmgr来配置监听器及tnsnames
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ netmgr
--下面是配置后的结果，此时我们使用了新的端口号1523以及新的监听器名字LISTENER_NEW
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# 我们使用netmgr为其添加了数据库服务，即SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW项，而netca无法完成此项任务

LISTENER_NEW =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER_NEW = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = cnbo)
    )
  )

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

CNBO =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
    )
  )

--启动新的监听器
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER_NEW

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 16:02:14
  ................
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1523)))
Services Summary...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  --注意状态为UNKNOWN，表明是静态注册
The command completed successfully

--我们看看grid用户缺省监听的状态，此时实例cnbo依旧被注册
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 15:55:33
  ..........
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--下面检查一下local_listener参数
SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string                            cnbo

SQL> show parameter local_lis    -->参数没有做任何设置

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string

--从上面的情形来看，尽管没有设置local_listener参数，此时实例依旧被注册到监听
--在此时我们已经可以通过tnsnames连接到数据库，也就是说客户端发起的连接最终还是通过监听器LISTENER_NEW，而不是缺省的监听器
--对于这个情形在非RAC环境的Oracle 10g,11g 可以不用设置local_listener，也不会注册到缺省监听器
--但grid用户下的缺省监听器提供的cnbo服务着实别扭，下面为还是添加监听器信息到tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "
> LISTENER_NEW =
>       (ADDRESS_LIST =
>         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
>       )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora          

-->设置local_listener
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_NEW';

--下面的缺省监听状态下不再看到cnbo实例
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 16:06:38
  .........
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

4、后记
a、在Oracle 11g RAC环境下使用dbca创建单实例数据库会自动将实例配置到缺省的监听器以及缺省端口。
b、在Oracle 11g RAC环境下，对于集群监听的配置，需要在grid用户下来完成，这个不同于Oracle 10g RAC。关于10g RAC监听配置可参考尾部链接。
c、注意netca与netmgr在配置监听器时的差异，由上测试可知netca不能为监听添加数据库服务，即SID_LIST_<LISTENER_CNBO>项，而netmgr可以实现。建议使用netmgr。
d、动态服务注册需要配置local_listener参数，要么使用DESCRIPTION等一串描述，要么简化到tnsnames.ora文件之中。
e、对于Oracle 11g RAC环境下单实例的非缺省监听及端口的静态注册，如果不设置local_listener，尽管会注册到指定的监听器，但同时也会注册到缺省监听器。
f、对于上面e点描述的情形，在非RAC环境单实例10g，11g未曾出现过此现象，应该是Oralce尽可能要求使用动态注册。

更多参考

有关Oracle RAC请参考
     使用crs_setperm修改RAC资源的所有者及权限     使用crs_profile管理RAC资源配置文件     RAC 数据库的启动与关闭     再说 Oracle RAC services     Services in Oracle Database 10g     Migrate datbase from single instance to Oracle RAC     Oracle RAC 连接到指定实例     Oracle RAC 负载均衡测试(结合服务器端与客户端)     Oracle RAC 服务器端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)     Oracle RAC 客户端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)     ORACLE RAC 下非缺省端口监听配置(listener.ora tnsnames.ora)
     ORACLE RAC 监听配置 (listener.ora tnsnames.ora)     配置 RAC 负载均衡与故障转移     CRS-1006 , CRS-0215 故障一例 
     基于Linux (RHEL 5.5) 安装Oracle 10g RAC
     使用 runcluvfy 校验Oracle RAC安装环境

有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请参考：
     配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
     配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle     Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
     设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)     配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考
     Oracle 冷备份     Oracle 热备份     Oracle 备份恢复概念     Oracle 实例恢复     Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理     SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复     SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复     Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)

有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考
     RMAN 概述及其体系结构     RMAN 配置、监控与管理     RMAN 备份详解     RMAN 还原与恢复     RMAN catalog 的创建和使用     基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本     基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复     RMAN 备份路径困惑     使用RMAN实现异机备份恢复(WIN平台)     使用RMAN迁移文件系统数据库到ASM     linux 下RMAN备份shell脚本     使用RMAN迁移数据库到异机

有关ORACLE体系结构请参考
     Oracle 表空间与数据文件     Oracle 密码文件     Oracle 参数文件     Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)     Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)     Oracle 归档日志     Oracle 回滚(ROLLBACK)和撤销(UNDO)     Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程     Oracle 10g SGA 的自动化管理     Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)