查看当前支持的MySQL字符集的命令

查看不同的MySQL字符集有不同的方法，下面介绍的命令用于查看当前支持的MySQL字符集，希望对您学习MySQL字符集能有所帮助。

mysql> show char set;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |       |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |       |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |       |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |       |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |       |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |       |
| latin2   | ISO - Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |       |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |       |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |       |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |       |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |       |
| hebrew   | ISO - Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |       |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |       |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |       |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |       |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |       |
| greek    | ISO - Greek                | greek_general_ci    |       |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |       |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |       |
| latin5   | ISO - Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |       |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII- Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |       |
| utf8     | UTF- Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |       |
| ucs2     | UCS- Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |       |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |       |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |       |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |       |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |       |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |       |
| latin7   | ISO - Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |       |
| utf8mb4  | UTF- Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |       |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |       |
| utf16    | UTF- Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |       |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |       |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |       |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |       |
| utf32    | UTF- Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |       |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |       |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |       |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |       |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |       |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |       |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看mysql的编码：

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for osx10.11 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        13332
Current database:
Current user:        root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.13 Homebrew
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:            23 hours 11 min 16 sec

Threads: 4  Questions: 274795  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 330  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 143  Queries per second avg: 3.291
--------------

修改mysql编码为utf8mb4:

查找mysql配置文件：

huijundeMacBook-Pro:etc huijunzhang$ which mysql
/usr/local/bin/mysql
huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ cd /usr/local/bin
huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ vim mysql
mysql                       mysql_embedded              mysql_upgrade               mysqld_safe                 mysqlslap
mysql.server                mysql_install_db            mysqladmin                  mysqldump                   mysqltest
mysql_client_test           mysql_plugin                mysqlbinlog                 mysqldumpslow               mysqltest_embedded
mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_secure_installation   mysqlcheck                  mysqlimport                 mysqlxtest
mysql_config                mysql_ssl_rsa_setup         mysqld                      mysqlpump
mysql_config_editor         mysql_tzinfo_to_sql         mysqld_multi                mysqlshow
huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ vim mysql_config

在mysql_config文件中找到了以下内容：

ldata='/usr/local/var/mysql'
execdir='/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin'
bindir='/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin'

尝试打开/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin

huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ cd /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13
huijundeMacBook-Pro:5.7.13 huijunzhang$ ls
COPYING                   README                    homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist lib                       scripts                   support-files
INSTALL_RECEIPT.json      bin                       include                   mysql-test                share
huijundeMacBook-Pro:5.7.13 huijunzhang$ cd support-files/
huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ ls
magic               my-default.cnf      mysql-log-rotate    mysql.server        mysqld_multi.server
huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ vim /etc/my.cnf

/etc/my.cnf添加以下内容：

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake=FALSE
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

重启mysql：

huijundeMacBook-Pro:etc huijunzhang$ mysql.server restart
Shutting down MySQL
.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL
. SUCCESS! 

查看mysql的编码

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for osx10.11 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        26
Current database:
Current user:        root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        less
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.13 Homebrew
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8mb4
Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
Client characterset:    utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:    utf8mb4
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:            11 hours 55 min 45 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 72312  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 136  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 129  Queries per second avg: 1.683
--------------

至此，大功告成