python 与mongodb 交互

创建管理员

 1 > use admin
 2 switched to db admin
 3 > db
 4 admin
 5 > db.createUser({user:'admin',pwd:'123456',roles:[{role:'userAdminAnyDatabase',db:'admin'}]})
 6 Successfully added user: {
 7     "user" : "admin",
 8     "roles" : [
 9         {
10             "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
11             "db" : "admin"
12         }
13     ]
14 }
15 > exit        

创建普通用户

 1 > use mydb
 2 switched to db mydb
 3 > db.createUser({user:'guest',pwd:'123456',roles:[{role:'readWrite',db:'mydb'}]})
 4 Successfully added user: {
 5     "user" : "guest",
 6     "roles" : [
 7         {
 8             "role" : "readWrite",
 9             "db" : "mydb"
10         }
11     ]
12 }
13 > db.auth('guest','123456')
14 1    

连接Mongodb

import pymongo

# 建立MongoDB数据库连接
# connection = pymongo.Connection('192.168.198.128', 27017)

# 如果设置了权限,注意xxx用户权限要可以cover到后面使用到的数据库
# client = pymongo.MongoClient('192.168.198.128', 27017, username='guest', password='123456')
client = pymongo.MongoClient('192.168.198.128',27017)

# 连接所需数据库,test为数据库名
db=client.test
# db_name = 'test'
# db = client[db_name]

# 连接所用集合，也就是我们通常所说的表，test为表名
# db和collection都是延时创建的，在添加Document时才真正创建
collection=db.test

添加数据

first_name = ["陈","张","李","王","赵"]
second_name = ["冰","鑫","程","爱","暖"]
third_name = ["强","国","明","风","芬"]
data = [
    {"_id":int("1000"+str(i)),
     "name":random.choice(first_name)+
            random.choice(second_name)+
            random.choice(third_name),
     "age":random.randint(16,60),
     "high":random.randint(170,190),
     "list":list(random.randint(1,200) for i in range(10))
    } for i in range(5)
]
try:
    for record in data:
        collection.save(record)
except pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError:
    print('record exists')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

删除数据

collection.delete_many({'age':{'$gt':20,'$lt':30}})   #删除所有满足条件的文档,删除_id大于6，小于100
collection.delete_one({'age':20})                     #删除一条满足条件的文档,删除_id=6
#collection_set01.delete_many({})                     #删除整个集合

更新数据

collection.replace_one({'_id': 10000}, {'name': '王宝宝'})                         #replace_one用指定的key-value替代原来所有的key-value
collection.update_one({"_id": {'$lt': 10008}}, {'$set': {"age": "19"}})           #update_one更新已经对应的key-value，其它不变
collection.update_many({'_id': {'$gt': 10007}}, {'$set': {'age': '50'}})          #同上，能够update所有符合匹配条件的文档

查询数据

print(‘身高小于180:')
print(type(collection.find({'high':{'$lt':180}})))
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$lt':180}}):
    print(row)
print(type(collection.find_one({'high':{'$lt':180}})))
print('use find_one:',collection.find_one({'high':{'$lt':180}})['high'])
print('use find_one:',collection.find_one({'high':{'$lt':180}}))

print('查询特定键')
print('查询身高大于170,并只列出_id,high和age字段(使用列表形式_id默认打印出来,可以使用{}忽视_id):')
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$gt':170}},projection=['high','age']):
    print(row)

print('skip参数用法')
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$gt':170}},['high','age'],skip=1):
    print(row)
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$gt':170}},['high','age']).skip(1):
    print(row)

print('\limit参数用法')
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$gt':170}},['high','age'],limit=1):
    print(row)

print('用{}描述特定键')
for row in collection.find({'high':{'$gt':170}},{'high':1,'age':1,'_id':False}):
    print(row)

print('多条件查询')
print(collection.find_one({'high':{'$gt':10},'age':{'$lt':26,'$gt':10}}))

# for u in db.users.find({"age":{"$nin":(23, 26, 32)}}):
# print （u）
# select * from users where age not in (23, 26, 32)

print('count')
print(collection.find({"age":{"$gt":20}}).count())

print('\条件或')
print('大于等于29或者小于23')
for row in collection.find({"$or":[{"age":{"$lte":23}}, {"age":{"$gte":29}}]}):
    print(row)

print('exists')
for row in collection.find({'age':{'$exists':True}}):
    print('age exists',row) # select * from 集合名 where exists 键1
for row in collection.find({'age':{'$exists':False}}):
    print('age not exists',row)

print('正则表达式查询')
print('method 1')
for row in collection.find({'name':{'$regex':r'.*暖.*'}}):
    print(row)
print('method 2')
import re
Regex = re.compile(r'.*爱.*',re.IGNORECASE)
for row in collection.find({'name':Regex}):
    print(row)

print('使用sort排序(文档中没有排序的字段也会打印出来,表示最小)')
print('---age 升序')
for row in collection.find().sort([["age",pymongo.ASCENDING]]):
    print(row)
print('---age 降序')
for row in collection.find().sort([("age",-1)]):
    print(row)
print('---age升序,high升序')
for row in collection.find().sort((("age",pymongo.ASCENDING),("high",pymongo.ASCENDING))):
    print(row)
print('---age升序，high降序')
for row in collection.find(sort=[("age",pymongo.ASCENDING),("high",pymongo.ASCENDING)]):
    print(row)