Tornado基本应用

Tornado简介

Tornado有自己的socket（异步非阻塞，原生支持WebSocket），Django没有。

Tornado的模板语言更接近Python风格，比Django要好理解。

Demo示例

from tornado import ioloop
from tornado.web import RequestHandler,Application
 
class IndexHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")
 
application = Application([
    (r"/index", IndexHandler),
])
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

　　

Tornado路由系统以及通过别名反向生成url

from tornado import ioloop
from tornado.web import RequestHandler,Application
 
class IndexHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        url1 = self.application.reverse_url('alias_name1')
        url2 = self.application.reverse_url('alias_name2',666)
        print(url1)
        print(url2)
        self.write("Hello, world")
 
class HomeHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self,uid):
        print(uid)
        self.write("Hello, Home")
 
application = Application([
    (r"/index", IndexHandler,{},'alias_name1'),
    (r"/home/(\d+)", HomeHandler,{},'alias_name2'),
])
 
# 支持通过域名进行匹配，域名匹配到然后再匹配 url
# application.add_handlers("blog.standby.pub",[
#     (r"/index", IndexHandler),
#     (r"/home/(\d+)", HomeHandler),
# ])
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(80)
    ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

　　

种子管理系统

　　路由系统

　　多种方式实现登录验证

　　cookie

　　xsrf

　　UImethod 和 UImodule

　　模板引擎

　　

目录结构

tree /f
 
│  app.py
│  my_uimethod.py
│  my_uimodule.py
│
├─controllers
│     account.py
│     seed.py
│     __init__.py
│
│
├─statics
│      commons.css
│      footer.css
│
├─tpl
       footer.html
       layout.html
       login.html
       seed.html
       video.html

　　

app.py

from controllers.account import *
from controllers.seed import *
import my_uimethod
import my_uimodule
 
settings = {
    'template_path':'tpl',
    'static_path':'statics',
    'static_url_prefix':'/static/',
    'xsrf_cookies': True, # csrf配置
    'cookie_secret':'asahcaoclacnqwncakcnal',
    'login_url':'/login.html',
    'ui_methods':my_uimethod,
    'ui_modules':my_uimodule,
}
 
application = Application([
    (r"/login.html", LoginHandler,{},'login'),
    (r"/logout.html", LogoutHandler,{},'logout'),
    (r"/seed.html", SeedHandler,{},'seed'),
    (r"/video.html", VideoHandler,{},'video'),
],**settings)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(80)
    ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

　　

account.py

from tornado import ioloop
from tornado.web import RequestHandler,Application
 
class LoginHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
        self.render('login.html',msg="")
 
    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        self.request 包含了所有数据：
            HTTPServerRequest(protocol='http',
            host='127.0.0.1',
            method='POST',
            uri='/login.html?next=%2Fseed.html',
            version='HTTP/1.1',
            remote_ip='127.0.0.1',
            headers={
              'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
              'Connection': 'keep-alive',
              'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
              'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36',
              'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
              'Host': '127.0.0.1',
              'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
              'Origin': 'http://127.0.0.1',
              'Content-Length': '87',
              'Referer': 'http://127.0.0.1/login.html?next=%2Fseed.html',
              'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
              'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
              'Cookie': 'session=eyJ1c2VyX2luZm8iOiJhbGV4In0.DYUE4A.AhS8WvwJlQa8ium1YnF6tgJHwn0; _xsrf=2|50188c8e|5f181ad48a05219cb3bcf8117255223f|1520676667'
            })
        """
 
        name = self.get_argument('name')    # 去GET和POST里取值
        pwd = self.get_argument('pwd')
        args = self.get_arguments('name')   # 类似Django里的 getlist()
        # self.get_query_argument()   # 去GET里取值
        # self.get_query_arguments()  # 类似Django里的 getlist()
        # self.get_body_argument()    # 去POST里取值
        # self.get_body_arguments()   # # 类似Django里的 getlist()
 
        if 'alex' == name and '123' == pwd:
            import time
            deadline = time.time() + 3600
            # self.set_cookie('user_info',name,expires=deadline)  # 普通的cookie
            self.set_secure_cookie('user_info',name,expires=deadline) # 加盐/签名的cookie，需要在settings里配置cookie_secret
 
            # self.redirect('/seed.html')
            # url = self.reverse_url('seed')
            # self.redirect(url)
 
            # 如果使用authenticated来装饰login的get方法，并且在验证发现用户没有登录的情况下
            # 则在跳转到登录页面，并会自动带上一个next字段到get请求里：http://127.0.0.1/login.html?next=%2Fseed.html
            next_url = self.get_query_argument('next','')
            if not next_url:
                next_url = self.reverse_url('seed')
            self.redirect(next_url)
        else:
            self.render('login.html',msg="用户名或密码错误")
 
class LogoutHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
        self.write("Bye...")
    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

　　

seed.py

from tornado import ioloop
from tornado.web import RequestHandler,Application
from tornado.web import authenticated
 
# 手写实现登录验证
# class SeedHandler(RequestHandler):
#     def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
#         # name = self.get_cookie('user_info')
#         name = self.get_secure_cookie('user_info')
#         if not name:
#             self.redirect('/login.html')
#             return
#         self.write("Seed!")
 
""" 单继承
class ParentHandler(RequestHandler):
    # 这个方法是tornado给预留的，如果要使用 tornado.web.authenticated 来登录验证就必须自己重写这个方法
    def get_current_user(self):
        return self.get_secure_cookie('user_info')
 
# 使用装饰器实现登录验证
class SeedHandler(ParentHandler):
 
    @authenticated
    def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
        seed_list = [
            {'title':'小麦','price':20},
            {'title':'水稻','price':50},
            {'title':'玉米','price':30}
        ]
        self.render('seed.html',seed_list=seed_list)
 
class VideoHandler(ParentHandler):
 
    @authenticated
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        video_list = [
            {'title': '柯南', 'price': 220},
            {'title': '一人之下', 'price': 90},
            {'title': '虫师', 'price': 40}
        ]
        self.render('video.html', video_list=video_list)
 
"""
 
""" 多继承 """
class ParentHandler(object):
    # 这个方法是tornado给预留的，如果要使用 tornado.web.authenticated 来登录验证就必须自己重写这个方法
    def get_current_user(self):
        return self.get_secure_cookie('user_info')
 
# 使用装饰器实现登录验证
class SeedHandler(ParentHandler,RequestHandler):
 
    @authenticated
    def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
        seed_list = [
            {'title':'小麦','price':20},
            {'title':'水稻','price':50},
            {'title':'玉米','price':30}
        ]
        self.render('seed.html',seed_list=seed_list)
 
class VideoHandler(ParentHandler,RequestHandler):
 
    @authenticated
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        video_list = [
            {'title': '柯南', 'price': 220},
            {'title': '一人之下', 'price': 90},
            {'title': '虫师', 'price': 40}
        ]
        self.render('video.html', video_list=video_list)

　　

自定义UIMethod以UIModule

def tab(self):
    """
    在html页面里的调用方式：
        {{ tab() }}
        {% raw tab() %}
    """
    # print(self)  # <controllers.seed.VideoHandler object at 0x000000000360D6A0>
    # return 'UIMethod'
    return "<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>百度</a>"
 
def sum(self, num1, num2):
    return num1+num2

　　

from tornado.web import UIModule
from tornado import escape
 
class Custom(UIModule):
    def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(self,args,kwargs)
        return "UIModule 不仅可以返回内容还可以引入/嵌入 css和js，可以用来做一个自定制的组合模块，比如分页，只需要在使用的时候引入下就可以。"
 
    # 引入css
    def css_files(self):
        return ["/static/footer.css",]
 
    # 嵌入css
    def embedded_css(self):
        tpm = """
        .foot{
            height: 80px;
        }
        """
        return tpm
 
    # 引入js
    def javascript_files(self):
        return ["/static/common.js",]
 
    # 嵌入js
    def embedded_javascript(self):
        tpm ="""
        v = 123;
        console.log(v);
        """
        return tpm

　　

seed.html

{% extends layout.html %}
 
{% block content %}
 
    <h1>种子列表</h1>
 
    {% module Custom(123) %}
 
    <ul>
        {% for item in seed_list %}
            <li> {{ item['title'] }} - {{ item['price'] }}</li>
            <li> {{ item.get('title','') }} - {{ item.get('price','') }}</li>
        {% end %}
    </ul>
 
     {% include 'footer.html' %}
{% end %}

　　

video.html

{% extends layout.html %}
 
{% block content %}
 
    <h1>视频列表 {{ sum(1,3) }}</h1>
    {{ tab() }}
    {% raw tab() %}
    <ul>
        {% for item in video_list %}
            <li> {{ item['title'] }} - {{ item['price'] }}</li>
            <li> {{ item.get('title','') }} - {{ item.get('price','') }}</li>
        {% end %}
    </ul>
 
{% end %}

　　

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css">-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ static_url('commons.css') }}">
</head>
<body>
 
<h1 class="c1">Login</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% raw xsrf_form_html() %}
    <input type="text" name="name">
    <input type="text" name="pwd">
    <input type="submit" value="提交"> {{ msg }}
</form>
 
</body>
</html>

　　

更多请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5702910.html