Spring MVC（一）五大核心组件和配置

一,五大核心组件

　　1.DispatcherServlet　　请求入口

　　2.HandlerMapping　　  请求派发,负责请求和控制器建立一一对应的关系

　　3.Controller　　　　　  处理器

　　4.ModelAndView　　　  封装模型信息和视图信息

　　5.ViewResolver　　　　视图处理器,定位页面

二,Spring MVC的编写步骤(访问WEB-INF下的.jsp)

　　1.建立项目,导入jar包(ioc mvc)并且拷贝Spring容器中对应的配置文件到src下,并且在WEB-INF下创建一个hello.jsp

　　2.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet并通过初始化参数contextConfigLocation指定Spring容器对应的配置文件

　　3.在Spring配置文件中配置HandlerMapping的实现类SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

　　4.写一个控制器类实现Controller接口,控制器方法中返回ModelAndView,在Spring容器中配置控制器

　　5.配置ViewResolver的实现类internalResourceViewResolver

如图:

配置DispatcherServlet

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">
   <display-name>spring-mvc</display-name>
   <welcome-file-list>
     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
   </welcome-file-list>
   <!-- 配置请求入口 -->
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!-- 配置初始化参数 -->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
   </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
 </web-app>

配置HandlerMapping

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
     <!-- 配置请求分发器,让请求和控制器之间建立一一对应关系 -->
     <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
         <property name="mappings">
             <props>
                 <prop key="/toHello.do">helloController</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 配置控制器 -->
     <bean id="helloController" class="com.xcz.controller.ToHelloController"></bean>
 </beans>

配置ViewResolver

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
     <!-- 配置视图处理器 -->
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
     </bean>
 </beans>

最终配置结果

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
     <!-- 配置请求分发器,让请求和控制器之间建立一一对应关系 -->
     <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
         <property name="mappings">
             <props>
                 <prop key="/toHello.do">helloController</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 配置控制器 -->
     <bean id="helloController" class="com.xcz.controller.ToHelloController"></bean>
     <!-- 配置视图处理器 -->
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
     </bean>
 </beans>

最后开启服务,在浏览器上输入localhost:端口号/项目名/toHello.do,看到如下界面,说明配置成功