【环境介绍】

系统环境:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.0 (Maipo) + Server version: 5.7.18-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

     +innobackupex version 2.4.12 Linux (x86_64)+binlog2sql

【背景描述】

当用户进行误操作时,需要使用innobackupex的备份及binlog进行恢复操作。

【实施步骤】

创建测试表:

mysql> use test;
mysql> CREATE TABLE `tb1` (
    ->   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->   `name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
mysql> insert into tb1 (name) values ('aa'),('bb'),('cc'),('dd');
mysql> select * from tb1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | aa   |
|  2 | bb   |
|  3 | cc   |
|  4 | dd   |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
 
备份:
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql01_1/mysql01_1.sock  /root/backup/full
 
增量添加数据,此部分数据需要从binlog进行恢复
mysql> insert into tb1 (name) values ('aa2'),('bb2'),('cc2'),('dd2');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.12 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from tb1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | aa   |
|  2 | bb   |
|  3 | cc   |
|  4 | dd   |
|  5 | aa2  |
|  6 | bb2  |
|  7 | cc2  |
|  8 | dd2  |
+----+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
模拟误操作:
mysql> drop table tb1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.29 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| orders_range   |
| rang_test      |
| range_datetime |
| test1          |
| test2          |
| test3          |
+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
【进行恢复操作步骤】
只需要apply-log即可
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --apply-log /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_12-12-51
 
如果有多个增量备份,需要把全部的增量备份合并到全备中
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql01_1/mysql01_1.sock --apply-log --redo-only /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_23-22-13/
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql01_1/mysql01_1.sock --apply-log /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_23-22-13/ --incremental-dir=/root/backup/full/inc/2018-12-15_23-25-47/
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql01_1/mysql01_1.sock --apply-log /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_23-22-13/
 
使用mysqlfrm工具查看表结构
[root@mysqldb2 test]# mysqlfrm --diagnostic  /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_12-12-51/test/tb1.frm
# WARNING: Cannot generate character set or collation names without the --server option.
# CAUTION: The diagnostic mode is a best-effort parse of the .frm file. As such, it may not identify all of the components of the table correctly. This is especially true for damaged files. It will also not read the default values for the columns and the resulting statement may not be syntactically correct.
# Reading .frm file for /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_12-12-51/test/tb1.frm:
# The .frm file is a TABLE.
# CREATE TABLE Statement:
CREATE TABLE `test`.`tb1` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY `PRIMARY` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
#...done.
在测试库中,重新创建该表结构
mysql> CREATE TABLE `test`.`tb1` (
    ->   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->   `name` char(30) DEFAULT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY `PRIMARY` (`id`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
锁定目标表,防止数据写入,如果是麻烦恢复业务,可创建一个备份表
mysql> lock tables tb1 write;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
将表discard tablespace
mysql> alter table tb1 discard tablespace;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
 
将备份的表数据文件拷贝到数据库中,并且修改权限
[root@mysqldb2 test]# cp /root/backup/full/2018-12-15_12-12-51/test/{tb1.ibd,b1.cfg} /mysqldata/mysql01_1/test
[root@mysqldb2 test]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/mysql01_1/test/tb1.ibd
[root@mysqldb2 test]# ls -trl /mysqldata/mysql01_1/test/tb1.*
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  8586 12月 15 12:20 /mysqldata/mysql01_1/test/tb1.frm
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 98304 12月 15 12:23 /mysqldata/mysql01_1/test/tb1.ibd
[root@mysqldb2 test]#
 
将表import tablespace,此时会报错,这个错误可以忽略
mysql> alter table tb1 import tablespace;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)
mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                                                                                                  |
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1810 | InnoDB: IO Read error: (2, No such file or directory) Error opening './test/tb1.cfg', will attempt to import without schema verification |
+---------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
查看数据,此时已经恢复到备份的时间点的数据
mysql> select * from tb1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | aa   |
|  2 | bb   |
|  3 | cc   |
|  4 | dd   |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
 
使用mysqlbinlog从binlog查看drop表的时间点,可以看到时间点为19418
[root@mysqldb2 logs]# mysqlbinlog  -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS /mysql/mysql57/logs/binlog011.000002 | grep -C 10 -i  "DROP"
# at 19330
#181215 12:15:24 server id 21  end_log_pos 19357        Xid = 811
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 19357
#181215 12:15:57 server id 21  end_log_pos 19418        GTID    last_committed=36       sequence_number=37
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '4ee31762-fe82-11e8-9aea-000c29c913a2:37'/*!*/;
# at 19418
#181215 12:15:57 server id 21  end_log_pos 19530        Query   thread_id=66    exec_time=1     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1544847357/*!*/;
DROP TABLE `tb1` /* generated by server */
/*!*/;
# at 19530
#181215 12:20:55 server id 21  end_log_pos 19591        GTID    last_committed=37       sequence_number=38
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '4ee31762-fe82-11e8-9aea-000c29c913a2:38'/*!*/;
# at 19591
#181215 12:20:55 server id 21  end_log_pos 19807        Query   thread_id=66    exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1544847655/*!*/;
CREATE TABLE `test`.`tb1` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(30) DEFAULT NULL,
[root@mysqldb2 logs]#
 
使用binlog2sql.py开源工具进行binlog恢复操作,可以具体制定数据库,表名,insert为正常插入操作类型
[root@mysqldb2 logs]# python /root/binlog2sql-master/binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py  -uroot -pmysql -dtest -ttb1 -P33061 --start-position=19008 --stop-position=19418 --start-file='binlog011.000002'  > recovery_tb1.sql
[root@mysqldb2 logs]# less recovery_tb1.sql
[root@mysqldb2 logs]# cat recovery_tb1.sql
INSERT INTO `test`.`tb1`(`id`, `name`) VALUES (5, 'aa2'); #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
INSERT INTO `test`.`tb1`(`id`, `name`) VALUES (6, 'bb2'); #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
INSERT INTO `test`.`tb1`(`id`, `name`) VALUES (7, 'cc2'); #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
INSERT INTO `test`.`tb1`(`id`, `name`) VALUES (8, 'dd2'); #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
[root@mysqldb2 logs]#
 
该工具还支持闪回模式:-B参数即可
[root@mysqldb2 logs]# python /root/binlog2sql-master/binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py  -uroot -pmysql -dtest -ttb1 -P33061 --start-position=19008 --stop-position=19418 --start-file='binlog011.000002' -B
DELETE FROM `test`.`tb1` WHERE `id`=8 AND `name`='dd2' LIMIT 1; #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
DELETE FROM `test`.`tb1` WHERE `id`=7 AND `name`='cc2' LIMIT 1; #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
DELETE FROM `test`.`tb1` WHERE `id`=6 AND `name`='bb2' LIMIT 1; #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
DELETE FROM `test`.`tb1` WHERE `id`=5 AND `name`='aa2' LIMIT 1; #start 19069 end 19330 time 2018-12-15 12:15:24
[root@mysqldb2 logs]#
 
查看原全备恢复操作数据
mysql> select * from tb1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | aa   |
|  2 | bb   |
|  3 | cc   |
|  4 | dd   |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
进行binlog增量恢复操作
mysql> source /mysql/mysql57/logs/recovery_tb1.sql
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
查看表数据,已经从binlog中恢复
mysql> select * from tb1;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | aa   |
|  2 | bb   |
|  3 | cc   |
|  4 | dd   |
|  5 | aa2  |
|  6 | bb2  |
|  7 | cc2  |
|  8 | dd2  |
+----+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
至此已经恢复完成,
恢复完成后记得优化表analyze table test.tb1;optimize local table test.tb1;alter table test.tb1 engine=InnoDB;
 
binlog2sql工具安装
https://github.com/danfengcao/binlog2sql
binlog2sql安装:
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install git
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
--2018-12-15 12:45:30--  https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
正在解析主机 bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)... 151.101.0.175, 151.101.64.175, 151.101.128.175, ...
正在连接 bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)|151.101.0.175|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:1661676 (1.6M) [text/x-python]
正在保存至: “get-pip.py”
100%[===================================================================================================================================================>] 1,661,676    992KB/s 用时 1.6s  
2018-12-15 12:45:38 (992 KB/s) - 已保存 “get-pip.py” [1661676/1661676])
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]# ls
binlog2sql  example  get-pip.py  LICENSE  README.md  requirements.txt  tests
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]# python get-pip.py
Collecting pip
/tmp/tmpS0wyK9/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:369: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
/tmp/tmpS0wyK9/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:160: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
/tmp/tmpS0wyK9/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:160: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 105kB/s
Collecting wheel
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/47/1dfa4795e24fd6f93d5d58602dd716c3f101cfd5a77cd9acbe519b44a0a9/wheel-0.32.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip, wheel
Successfully installed pip-18.1 wheel-0.32.3
/tmp/tmpS0wyK9/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:160: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]#
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting PyMySQL==0.7.11 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:369: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  SNIMissingWarning
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:160: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecurePlatformWarning
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:160: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecurePlatformWarning
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c6/42/c54c280d8418039bd2f61284f99cb6d9e0eae80383fc72ceb6eac67855fe/PyMySQL-0.7.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (78kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 106kB/s
Collecting wheel==0.29.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/e9/8468cd68b582b06ef554be0b96b59f59779627131aad48f8a5bce4b13450/wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (66kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 288kB/s
Collecting mysql-replication==0.13 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dd/23/384047702e694139e9fe75a8ba7ad007e8942fd119ebadabc32ce19f70f2/mysql-replication-0.13.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: mysql-replication
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysql-replication ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/91/33/05/32b16ccadd4fc566ff38af96afdeb5d57d49c2f1eff0402164
Successfully built mysql-replication
Installing collected packages: PyMySQL, wheel, mysql-replication
  Found existing installation: wheel 0.32.3
    Uninstalling wheel-0.32.3:
      Successfully uninstalled wheel-0.32.3
Successfully installed PyMySQL-0.7.11 mysql-replication-0.13 wheel-0.29.0
[root@mysqldb2 binlog2sql-master]#
 
binlog2sql进行恢复需要连接数据库,MyFlash使用更加方便:
https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/MyFlash
### 一、简介
MyFlash是由美团点评公司技术工程部开发维护的一个回滚DML操作的工具。该工具通过解析v4版本的binlog,完成回滚操作。相对已有的回滚工具,其增加了更多的过滤选项,让回滚更加容易。
**该工具已经在美团点评内部使用**
### 二、详细说明
1. [安装](./doc/INSTALL.md)
2. [使用](./doc/how_to_use.md)
3. [测试用例](./doc/TestCase.md)
### 三、限制
1. binlog格式必须为row,且binlog_row_image=full
2. 仅支持5.6与5.7
3. 只能回滚DML(增、删、改)
### 四、FAQ
1. 实现的原理是什么?  
- 答:参考文章http://url.cn/5yVTfLY
2. 支持gtid吗? 
- 答:支持。请参考 [使用](./doc/how_to_use.md)
3. 在开启gtid的MySQL server上,应用flashback报错,错误为:ERROR 1782 (HY000) at line 16: @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT cannot be set to ANONYMOUS when @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = ON.  ?    
- 答:在导入时加入--skip-gtids
mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids <flashbacklog> | mysql -uxxx -pxxx
4. 如果回滚后的binlog日志尺寸超过20M,在导入时,很耗时。如何处理?     
- 答:参考 [使用](./doc/how_to_use.md) ,搜索maxSplitSize。使用该参数可以对文件进行切片
 
 
 
 
 

一次基于innobackupex备份及binlog的单表恢复操作的更多相关文章

  1. 通过Xtrabackup实现MySQL实例的全库备份与按需单库恢复

    在实际的生产环境中,为了管理方便,我们一般是通过 Xtrabackup实现实例的全库备份,即将实例上的所有数据库备份. 但是,考虑到快速恢复 我们常常面临的需求是快速还原单个数据库.针对初学者来说,网 ...

  2. MSSQL·备份数据库中的单表

    阅文时长 | 0.11分钟 字数统计 | 237.6字符 主要内容 | 1.引言&背景 2.声明与参考资料 『MSSQL·备份数据库中的单表』 编写人 | SCscHero 编写时间 | 20 ...

  3. MongoDB数据库备份与还原、单表的导入导出

    -------------------MongoDB备份与恢复------------------- 1.MongoDB数据库备份     1.语法:         mongodump -h dbh ...

  4. java基于xml配置的通用excel单表数据导入组件(五、Action处理类)

    package xxxxxx.manage.importexcel; import java.io.File; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.M ...

  5. java基于xml配置的通用excel单表数据导入组件(四、DAO主处理类)

    package XXXXX.manage.importexcel; import java.beans.IntrospectionException; import java.io.BufferedR ...

  6. java基于xml配置的通用excel单表数据导入组件(三、负责数据转换处理的类)

    package xxxxxxx.manage.importexcel; import java.util.Map; import java.util.logging.Logger; import xx ...

  7. java基于xml配置的通用excel单表数据导入组件(二、xml配置文件解析加载)

    1.BN_ImportExcel.java 对应xml主节点属性 package XXXXX.manage.importexcel; import java.io.Serializable; impo ...

  8. java基于xml配置的通用excel单表数据导入组件(一、实际应用过程)

    主要应用技术:poi + betwixt + reflect 一.实际应用过程 1.创建与目标表结构一样,表名为‘{目标表名}_import’的临时表: 2.创建用于存储导入问题数据的表:t_impo ...

  9. 基于Azure blob storage T级别HBase表恢复

    为减少Hbase集群压力,提高性能,我们将HBase库中的数据移到另外的存储,下面记录当我需要对数据进行计算时,数据恢复的过程 目录: Azure storage explorer 工具 数据复制 元 ...

随机推荐

  1. js饼状图(带百分比)功能实现,新人必懂

    <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title&g ...

  2. Docker: Jenkins里的pipeline编写基本技巧

    Jenkins里,先新建一个pipeline项目 Pipeline Syntax 在Sample Step里选择需要的插件,如果不存在,就去系统管理,插件管理里,进行安装. 如果源码管理工具用的是gi ...

  3. ​Installing the Ranger Kafka Plug-in

    This section describes how to install and enable the Ranger Kafka plug-in. The Ranger Kafka plug-in ...

  4. 编译安装redis-5.0.4

    编译安装为redis官方推荐安装方式. 本例中使用linux版本为:CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core),Basic Web Server 一.安装依赖包 yum ...

  5. Git使用(积累一些常用的命令)

    1. 取消某一次合并  git merge --abort 可以参考的教程:https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248 ...

  6. springboot配置SSL自签名证书

    1.证书生成 每一个JDK或者JRE里都有一个工具,叫做:keytool,安装了jdk或jre之后,配置好JAVA环境之后,就可以直接在控制台使用该命令生成自签名证书: 在控制台输入: keytool ...

  7. MySQL工作原理

    Mysql是由SQL接口,解析器,优化器,缓存,存储引擎组成的.  mysql原理图各个组件说明: 1. connectors 与其他编程语言中的sql 语句进行交互,如php.java等. 2. M ...

  8. python面对对象(不全解)

    面对对象:以人类为例,人类通用功能:吃喝拉撒,就可以封装成一个类,不同功能:嫖赌毒,就是对象的不同功能.继承,多态… 上码 class Person(object): def __init__(sel ...

  9. JS中事件绑定函数,事件捕获,事件冒泡

    1 事件绑定:事件与函数绑定以及怎么取消绑定 1.1 元素.onclick这种形式,如下: <div id="div1">aaa</div> <scr ...

  10. [转帖]Qemu 简述

    Qemu 简述 记得KVM 就是 底层用的qemu https://www.cnblogs.com/bakari/p/7858029.html 本文首发于我的公众号 Linux云计算网络(id: cl ...