python之模块datetime详解

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#python 27
#xiaodeng
#python之模块datetime详解

import datetime
#data=datetime.date(2015,11,9)#表示日期的类
#data=datetime.time(hour[,minute[,second[,microsecond[,tzinfo]]]])#表示时间的类,从小时时间开始为参数
#data=datetime.datetime(year,month,day[,hour[,minute[,second[,microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]])#表示日期时间，其实就是前面2个综合
#data=datetime.timedelta()#表示时间间隔,即两个时间点之间的长度
#data=datetime.tzinfo()#与时区有关的相关信息

'''
>>> help(datetime)
CLASSES
    __builtin__.object
        date
            datetime
        time
        timedelta
        tzinfo

    class date(__builtin__.object)
     |  date(year, month, day) --> date object
     |                              #得到一个日期对象，需传递3个参数
                                    #data=datetime.date(2015,11,8)#2015-11-08

     |  Methods defined here:
     |  ctime(...)                  #返回一个时间风格的字符串
                                    #data.ctime()#Sun Nov  8 00:00:00 2015

     |      Return ctime() style string.
     |
     |  fromordinal(...)            #将Gregorian日历时间转换为date对象，西方国家使用比较多，此处不详细展开讨论
                                    #了解即可
     |      int -> date corresponding to a proleptic Gregorian ordinal.
     |
     |  fromtimestamp(...)          #根据给定的时间戮，返回一个date对象
                                    #data.fromtimestamp(1111111111)#2005-03-18
     |      timestamp -> local date from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time()).
     |
     |  isocalendar(...)
                                     #data.isocalendar()#(2015, 45, 7)，
                                     #注意：返回的年、月、日的元组，返回结果有问题，45个月？？？
     |      Return a 3-tuple containing ISO year, week number, and weekday.
     |
     |  isoformat(...)
                                     #data.isoformat()#2015-11-08
                                     #返回格式如'YYYY-MM-DD'的字符串
     |      Return string in ISO 8601 format, YYYY-MM-DD.
     |
     |  isoweekday(...)
                                     #data.isoweekday()#1
                                     #返回当前的星期数，如今天星期一，则返回数值1，如为星期天，则返回7

     |      Return the day of the week represented by the date.
     |      Monday == 1 ... Sunday == 7
     |
     |  replace(...)
                                     #data.replace(2014,8,01)#2014-08-01
                                     #相当于string的replace替换功能，如果不写参数则默认不做替换处理

     |      Return date with new specified fields.
     |
     |  strftime(...)
                                     #data.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S')#2015-11-09 00-00-00
                                     #按照自定义风格来格式化时间字符串
     |      format -> strftime() style string.
     |
     |  timetuple(...)
                                     #返回time.struct_time对象
                                     #data.timetuple()#time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=313, tm_isdst=-1)

     |      Return time tuple, compatible with time.localtime().
     |
     |  today(...)
                                     #data.today()#2015-11-09
                                     #返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象
     |      Current date or datetime:  same as self.__class__.fromtimestamp(time.time()).
     |
     |  toordinal(...)
                                     #返回日期对应的Gregorian Calendar日期.
                                     #了解即可
     |      Return proleptic Gregorian ordinal.  January 1 of year 1 is day 1.
     |
     |  weekday(...)
                                     #返回weekday,
                                     #如果是星期一,返回0,如果是星期2,返回1,以此类推.
     |      Return the day of the week represented by the date.
     |      Monday == 0 ... Sunday == 6
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:#数据描述符定义在这里
     |
     |  day
     |
     |  month
     |
     |  year
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    class datetime(date)
     |  datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]])
     |
     |  The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be None, or an
     |  instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints or longs.

     |  Methods defined here:
     |  astimezone(...)
                                #data.astimezone()#根据给定的timezone对象，返回转换为本地时区的timezone对象
                                #了解有这么个东西即可
     |      tz -> convert to local time in new timezone tz
     |
     |  combine(...)##不做了解

     |      date, time -> datetime with same date and time fields
     |
     |  ctime(...)
                                 #data.ctime()#Mon Nov  9 00:26:10 2015

     |      Return ctime() style string.
     |
     |  date(...)
                                 #data.date()#2015-11-09
                                 #返回日期时间对象中的日期信息
     |      Return date object with same year, month and day.
     |
     |  dst(...)#不做了解

     |      Return self.tzinfo.dst(self).
     |
     |  fromtimestamp(...)
                                 #datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz])：
                                 #根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象,参数tz指定时区信息；
                                 #data.fromtimestamp(1111111111)#2005-03-18 09:58:31
     |      timestamp[, tz] -> tz's local time from POSIX timestamp.
     |
     |  isoformat(...)
                                 #data.isoformat()#2015-11-09T00:26:10
                                 #了解即可
     |      [sep] -> string in ISO 8601 format, YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.mmmmmm][+HH:MM].
     |
     |      sep is used to separate the year from the time, and defaults to 'T'.
     |
     |  now(...)
                                 #data.now()#2015-11-09 00:39:43.894000
                                 #现在的日期时间
     |      [tz] -> new datetime with tz's local day and time.
     |
     |  replace(...)
                                 #data.replace(2005,11,9,00,26,10)#2005-11-09 00:26:10
                                 #可以不传参
                                 #相当于string的替换方法
     |      Return datetime with new specified fields.
     |
     |  strptime(...)
                                 #参数：
                                 #format：格式化,如：%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
                                 #string：时间字符串,如：2012-03-05 16:26:23
                                 #data.strptime('2012-03-05 16:26:23','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#2012-03-05 16:26:23
                                 #返回：日期时间
     |      string, format -> new datetime parsed from a string (like time.strptime()).
     |
     |  time(...)
                                 #data.time()#00:26:10
                                 #返回日期时间中的时间，其实就是从日期时间中把时间分离出来

     |      Return time object with same time but with tzinfo=None.
     |
     |  timetuple(...)
                                 #data.timetuple()#time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=0, tm_min=26, tm_sec=10, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=313, tm_isdst=-1)
                                 #返回：time.struct_time对象
                                 #做了解即可，一般用的比较少
     |      Return time tuple, compatible with time.localtime().
     |
     |  timetz(...)
                                 #data.timetz()#00:26:10
                                 #返回时间对象
     |      Return time object with same time and tzinfo.
     |
     |  tzname(...)#不做了解
     |      Return self.tzinfo.tzname(self).
     |
     |  utcfromtimestamp(...)#不做了解
     |      timestamp -> UTC datetime from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time()).
     |
     |  utcnow(...)
                                 #data.utcnow()#2015-11-08 16:48:29.194000
                                 #返回一个当前utc时间的datetime对象
     |      Return a new datetime representing UTC day and time.
     |
     |  utcoffset(...)#不做了解
     |      Return self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self).
     |
     |  utctimetuple(...)#不做了解
     |      Return UTC time tuple, compatible with time.localtime().
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |
     |  hour
     |  microsecond#微秒
     |  minute
     |  second#秒
     |  tzinfo
     |  

    class time(__builtin__.object)
     |  time([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]) --> a time object
     |
     |  All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be None, or an instance of
     |  a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints or longs.
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  dst(...)
     |      Return self.tzinfo.dst(self).
     |
     |  isoformat(...)
                         #data.isoformat()#00:26:10
                         #返回型如"HH:MM:SS"格式的字符串表示
     |      Return string in ISO 8601 format, HH:MM:SS[.mmmmmm][+HH:MM].
     |
     |  replace(...)
     |      Return time with new specified fields.
     |
     |  strftime(...)
                        #data.strftime('%H-%M-%S')#00-26-10
                        #返回自定义格式化字符串
     |      format -> strftime() style string.
     |
     |  tzname(...)#不做了解
     |      Return self.tzinfo.tzname(self).
     |
     |  utcoffset(...)#不做了解
     |      Return self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self).
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    class timedelta(__builtin__.object)
                            #timedelta([days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]])
                            #注意timedelta的参数顺序
     |  Difference between two datetime values.
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  total_seconds(...)
                             #总持续秒数。
                             data.total_seconds()#86400.0
     |      Total seconds in the duration.
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |
     |  days：Number of days.
     |
     |  microseconds：Number of microseconds (>= 0 and less than 1 second).
     |
     |  seconds：Number of seconds (>= 0 and less than 1 day).
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    class tzinfo(__builtin__.object)
                            #tzinfo = UTC(8)----东8区北京时间
                            #tzinfo类下的方法暂时不做了解.
     |  Abstract base class for time zone info objects.
     |
     |  Methods defined here:
     |
     |  dst(...)
     |      datetime -> DST offset in minutes east of UTC.
     |
     |  fromutc(...)
     |      datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time.
     |
     |  tzname(...)
     |      datetime -> string name of time zone.
     |
     |  utcoffset(...)
     |      datetime -> minutes east of UTC (negative for west of UTC).
     |
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

DATA
    MAXYEAR = 9999
    MINYEAR = 1
    datetime_CAPI = <capsule object "datetime.datetime_CAPI">
'''