RabbitMQ与Spring的框架整合之Spring AMQP实战

1、SpringAMQP用户管理组件RabbitAdmin。

　　RabbitAdmin类可以很好的操作RabbitMQ，在Spring中直接进行注入即可。注意，autoStartup必须设置为true，否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。RabbitAdmin底层实现就是从Spring容器中获取Exchange交换机、Binding绑定、RoutingKey路由键以及Queue队列的@Bean声明。

　　然后使用RabbitTemplate的execute方法执行对应的声明、修改、删除等一系列RabbitMQ基础功能操作。例如，添加一个交换机、删除一个绑定、清空一个队列里面的消息等待操作。

2、由于使用的maven工程配合了Springboot整合Spring与RabbitMQ的知识。所以先引入依赖包，如下所示：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
     https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
         <version>2.2..RELEASE</version>
         <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
     </parent>
     <groupId>com.bie</groupId>
     <artifactId>rabbitmq-spring</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>rabbitmq-spring</name>
     <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-
         </project.reporting.outputEncoding>
         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
         <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.</maven-jar-plugin.version>
     </properties>

     <dependencies>
         <!-- Spring与RabbitMQ整合的包 -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
             <exclusions>
                 <exclusion>
                     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                 </exclusion>
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <!-- RabbitMQ基础核心包 -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
             <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

     <build>
         <plugins>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>

 </project>

由于使用的是Springboot项目配合RabbitMQ来做的，所以配置文件这里使用了注解来替换，所以启动的时候，加载如下所示配置类，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @Configuration
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.bie")
 public class RabbitMQConfig {

     /**
      * 将ConnectionFactory注入到bean容器中
      *
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
         CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
         connectionFactory.setAddresses("192.168.110.133:5672");
         connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
         connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
         connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
         return connectionFactory;
     }

     /**
      * 参数依赖上面注入的ConnectionFactory类,所以保持参数名称和注入的ConnectionFactory一致
      *
      * @param connectionFactory
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
         // 注意:autoStartup必须设置为true,否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。
         rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
         return rabbitAdmin;
     }

 }

项目主启动类，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

 @SpringBootApplication
 public class RabbitmqSpringApplication {

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqSpringApplication.class, args);
     }

 }

下面演示一下，Spring整合RabbitMQ，创建交换机，创建队列，将交换机和队列绑定的示例代码，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import java.util.HashMap;

 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @SpringBootTest
 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class RabbitmqSpringApplicationTests {

     @Autowired
     private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

     @Test
     public void rabbitmqAdmin() {
         // 参数1交换机名称, 参数1是否持久化durable, 参数3是否自动删除 autoDelete
         // 创建direct类型的交换机
         DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("test.directExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(directExchange);

         // 创建topic类型的交换机
         TopicExchange topicExchange = new TopicExchange("test.topicExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(topicExchange);

         // 创建fanout类型的交换机
         FanoutExchange fanoutExchange = new FanoutExchange("test.fanoutExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(fanoutExchange);

         // 创建direct类型的队列
         Queue directQueue = new Queue("test.direct.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(directQueue);

         // 创建topic类型的交队列
         Queue topicQueue = new Queue("test.topic.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(topicQueue);

         // 创建fanout类型的队列
         Queue fanoutQueue = new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(fanoutQueue);

         // 声明绑定
         // 参数1 String destination,可以认为是具体的队列。
         // 参数2 DestinationType destinationType,绑定的类型。
         // 参数3 String exchange,交换机的名称。
         // 参数4 String routingKey,路由键的名称。
         // 参数5 Map<String, Object> arguments可以传入的参数。
         // 将test.directExchange交换机和test.direct.queue队列进行绑定
         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.direct.queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                 "test.directExchange", "direct", new HashMap<>()));

         // 将test.topicExchange交换机和test.topic.queue队列进行绑定
         // rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.topic.queue",
         // Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "test.topicExchange",
         // "topic", new HashMap<>()));
         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false)) // 直接创建队列
                 .to(new TopicExchange("test.topicExchange", false, false)) // 直接创建交换机 建立关联关系
                 .with("user.#")); // 指定路由Key

         // 将test.fanoutExchange交换机和test.fanout.queue队列进行绑定
         // rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.fanout.queue",
         // Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
         // "test.fanoutExchange", "", new HashMap<>()));

         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false)) // 直接创建队列
                 .to(new FanoutExchange("test.fanoutExchange", false, false))); // 直接创建交换机 建立关联关系

         // 清空队列数据
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.direct.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.topic.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.fanout.queue", false);
     }

 }

执行代码，完毕，可以在RabbitMQ的管控台查询效果，效果如下所示：

3、使用SpringAMQP去声明，就需要使用SpringAMQP的如下模式，即声明@Bean方式。SpringAMQP-RabbitMQ声明式配置使用。可以在初始化加载配置文件中创建好交换机，队列，以及交换机和队列的绑定关系，启动项目即可将交换机，队列，以及交换机和队列的绑定创建，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @Configuration
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.bie")
 public class RabbitMQConfig {

     /**
      * 将ConnectionFactory注入到bean容器中
      *
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
         CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
         connectionFactory.setAddresses("192.168.110.133:5672");
         connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
         connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
         connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
         return connectionFactory;
     }

     /**
      * 参数依赖上面注入的ConnectionFactory类,所以保持参数名称和注入的ConnectionFactory一致
      *
      * @param connectionFactory
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
         // 注意:autoStartup必须设置为true,否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。
         rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
         return rabbitAdmin;
     }

     // 使用SpringAMQP去声明，就需要使用SpringAMQP的如下模式，即声明@Bean方式。
     // SpringAMQP-RabbitMQ声明式配置使用

     /**
      * 针对消费者配置:
      *
      * 1. 设置交换机类型。
      *
      * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机。
      *
      * FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念。
      *
      * HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配。
      *
      * DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列。
      *
      * TopicExchange:多关键字匹配。
      */
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange001() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic001", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue001() {
         return new Queue("queue001", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding001() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue001()).to(topicExchange001()).with("spring.*");
     }

     // 第二个交换机通过路由键绑定到队列上面。
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange002() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic002", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue002() {
         return new Queue("queue002", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding002() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue002()).to(topicExchange002()).with("rabbit.*");
     }

     // 第三个,队列通过路由键绑定到第一个队列上面,即第一个交换机绑定了两个队列。
     @Bean
     public Queue queue003() {
         return new Queue("queue003", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding003() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue003()).to(topicExchange001()).with("mq.*");
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_image() {
         return new Queue("image_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_pdf() {
         return new Queue("pdf_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

 }

4、RabbitTemplate，即消息模板，我们在与SpringAMQP整合的时候进行发送消息的关键类。该类提供了丰富的发送消息方法,包括可靠性投递消息方法，回调监听消息接口ConfirmCallback，返回值确认ReturnCallBack等等。同样我们需要进行注入到Spring容器中，然后直接使用。在与Spring整合的时候需要实例化，但是在与SpringBoot整合的时候，在配置文件里面添加配置即可。

 package com.bie;

 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @Configuration
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.bie")
 public class RabbitMQConfig {

     /**
      * 将ConnectionFactory注入到bean容器中
      *
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
         CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
         connectionFactory.setAddresses("192.168.110.133:5672");
         connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
         connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
         connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
         return connectionFactory;
     }

     /**
      * 参数依赖上面注入的ConnectionFactory类,所以保持参数名称和注入的ConnectionFactory一致
      *
      * @param connectionFactory
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
         // 注意:autoStartup必须设置为true,否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。
         rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
         return rabbitAdmin;
     }

     // 使用SpringAMQP去声明，就需要使用SpringAMQP的如下模式，即声明@Bean方式。
     // SpringAMQP-RabbitMQ声明式配置使用

     /**
      * 针对消费者配置:
      *
      * 1. 设置交换机类型。
      *
      * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机。
      *
      * FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念。
      *
      * HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配。
      *
      * DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列。
      *
      * TopicExchange:多关键字匹配。
      */
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange001() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic001", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue001() {
         return new Queue("queue001", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding001() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue001()).to(topicExchange001()).with("spring.*");
     }

     // 第二个交换机通过路由键绑定到队列上面。
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange002() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic002", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue002() {
         return new Queue("queue002", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding002() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue002()).to(topicExchange002()).with("rabbit.*");
     }

     // 第三个,队列通过路由键绑定到第一个队列上面,即第一个交换机绑定了两个队列。
     @Bean
     public Queue queue003() {
         return new Queue("queue003", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding003() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue003()).to(topicExchange001()).with("mq.*");
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_image() {
         return new Queue("image_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_pdf() {
         return new Queue("pdf_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

     // RabbitTemplate，即消息模板，我们在与SpringAMQP整合的时候进行发送消息的关键类。
     // 该类提供了丰富的发送消息方法,包括可靠性投递消息方法,回调监听消息接口ConfirmCallback,
     // 返回值确认ReturnCallBack等等。同样我们需要进行注入到Spring容器中,然后直接使用。
     // 将RabbitTemplate加入到Spring容器中
     public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
         return rabbitTemplate;
     }

 }

使用RabbittEmplate发送消息的案例，由于结合初始化配置文件创建的交换机，队列以及交换机和队列的绑定，将消息发送到自己创建的交换机，队列上面，所以效果请自己仔细查看，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import java.util.HashMap;

 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @SpringBootTest
 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class RabbitmqSpringApplicationTests {

     // 发送消息
     @Autowired
     private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

     @Test
     public void sendMessage() {
         // 1、创建消息
         MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
         messageProperties.getHeaders().put("desc", "消息描述");
         messageProperties.getHeaders().put("type", "消息类型");
         Message message = new Message("hello RabbitMQ".getBytes(), messageProperties);

         // 2、发送消息
         String exchange = "topic001";
         String routingKey = "spring.amqp";
         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message, new MessagePostProcessor() {

             @Override
             public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                 System.out.println("======添加额外的设置======");
                 message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("desc", "额外的消息描述");
                 message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("attr", "额外的属性");
                 return message;
             }
         });
     }

     @Test
     public void sendMessage2() throws Exception {
         // 1 创建消息
         MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
         messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
         Message message = new Message("RabbitMQ的消息.......".getBytes(), messageProperties);

         // 2、发送消息
         rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);

         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", "hello object message send!");
         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic002", "rabbit.abc", "hello object message send!");
     }

 }

运行效果如下所示：

5、SpringAMQP消息容器SimpleMessageListenerContainer。

　　1）、简单消息监听器，这个类非常的强大，我们可以对他进行很多设置，对于消费者的设置项，这个类都可以满足。可以监听队列（多个队列），自动启动，自动声明功能。可以设置事务特性、事务管理器、事务属性、事务容量（并发）、是否开启事务、回滚消息等等。可以设置消费者数量、最小最大数量、批量消费等等。可以设置消息确认和自动确认模式，是否重回队列、异常捕获handler函数。可以设置消费者标签生成策略，是否独占模式，消费者属性等等。可以设置具体的监听器、消息转换器等等。
　　2）、注意，SpringAMQP消息容器SimpleMessageListenerContainer可以进行动态设置，比如在运行中的应用可以动态的修改其消费者数量的大小，接收消息的模式等等。很多基于RabbitMQ的自制定化后端控制台在进行动态设置的时候，也是根据这一特性实现的。

 package com.bie;

 import java.util.UUID;

 import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
 import org.springframework.amqp.support.ConsumerTagStrategy;
 import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter;
 import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

 import com.bie.adapter.MessageDelegate;
 import com.bie.convert.ImageMessageConverter;
 import com.bie.convert.PDFMessageConverter;
 import com.bie.convert.TextMessageConverter;
 import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @Configuration
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.bie")
 public class RabbitMQConfig {

     /**
      * 将ConnectionFactory注入到bean容器中
      *
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
         CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
         connectionFactory.setAddresses("192.168.110.133:5672");
         connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
         connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
         connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
         return connectionFactory;
     }

     /**
      * 参数依赖上面注入的ConnectionFactory类,所以保持参数名称和注入的ConnectionFactory一致
      *
      * @param connectionFactory
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
         // 注意:autoStartup必须设置为true,否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。
         rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
         return rabbitAdmin;
     }

     // 使用SpringAMQP去声明，就需要使用SpringAMQP的如下模式，即声明@Bean方式。
     // SpringAMQP-RabbitMQ声明式配置使用

     /**
      * 针对消费者配置:
      *
      * 1. 设置交换机类型。
      *
      * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机。
      *
      * FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念。
      *
      * HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配。
      *
      * DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列。
      *
      * TopicExchange:多关键字匹配。
      */
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange001() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic001", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue001() {
         return new Queue("queue001", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding001() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue001()).to(topicExchange001()).with("spring.*");
     }

     // 第二个交换机通过路由键绑定到队列上面。
     @Bean
     public TopicExchange topicExchange002() {
         return new TopicExchange("topic002", true, false);
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue002() {
         return new Queue("queue002", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding002() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue002()).to(topicExchange002()).with("rabbit.*");
     }

     // 第三个,队列通过路由键绑定到第一个队列上面,即第一个交换机绑定了两个队列。
     @Bean
     public Queue queue003() {
         return new Queue("queue003", true);// 队列持久化
     }

     @Bean
     public Binding bingding003() {
         return BindingBuilder.bind(queue003()).to(topicExchange001()).with("mq.*");
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_image() {
         return new Queue("image_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

     @Bean
     public Queue queue_pdf() {
         return new Queue("pdf_queue", true); // 队列持久
     }

     // RabbitTemplate，即消息模板，我们在与SpringAMQP整合的时候进行发送消息的关键类。
     // 该类提供了丰富的发送消息方法,包括可靠性投递消息方法,回调监听消息接口ConfirmCallback,
     // 返回值确认ReturnCallBack等等。同样我们需要进行注入到Spring容器中,然后直接使用。
     // 将RabbitTemplate加入到Spring容器中
     public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
         return rabbitTemplate;
     }

     /**
      *
      * @param connectionFactory
      * @return
      */
     @Bean
     public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
         SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
         // 监听的队列,可变参数,可以添加多个队列。
         container.setQueues(queue001(), queue002(), queue003(), queue_image(), queue_pdf());
         // 设置消费者个数。
         container.setConcurrentConsumers();
         // 设置最大消费者个数。
         container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers();
         // 设置默认是否重回队列。
         container.setDefaultRequeueRejected(false);
         // 设置签收模式,自动签收。
         container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.AUTO);
         // 设置是否外露
         container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
         // 设置标签策略。
         container.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {
             @Override
             public String createConsumerTag(String queue) {
                 return queue + "_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
             }
         });

         // 监听消息
         container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {

             @Override
             public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
                 String msg = new String(message.getBody());
                 System.out.println("===========================消费者消息msg : " + msg);
             }
         });

         return container;
     }

 }

可以直接在测试类里面进行启动，直接启动测试方法sendMessage2，如下所示：

 package com.bie;

 import java.util.HashMap;

 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

 /**
  *
  * @author biehl
  *
  */
 @SpringBootTest
 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 public class RabbitmqSpringApplicationTests {

     @Autowired
     private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

     @Test
     public void rabbitmqAdmin() {
         // 参数1交换机名称, 参数1是否持久化durable, 参数3是否自动删除 autoDelete
         // 创建direct类型的交换机
         DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("test.directExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(directExchange);

         // 创建topic类型的交换机
         TopicExchange topicExchange = new TopicExchange("test.topicExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(topicExchange);

         // 创建fanout类型的交换机
         FanoutExchange fanoutExchange = new FanoutExchange("test.fanoutExchange", false, false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(fanoutExchange);

         // 创建direct类型的队列
         Queue directQueue = new Queue("test.direct.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(directQueue);

         // 创建topic类型的交队列
         Queue topicQueue = new Queue("test.topic.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(topicQueue);

         // 创建fanout类型的队列
         Queue fanoutQueue = new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(fanoutQueue);

         // 声明绑定
         // 参数1 String destination,可以认为是具体的队列。
         // 参数2 DestinationType destinationType,绑定的类型。
         // 参数3 String exchange,交换机的名称。
         // 参数4 String routingKey,路由键的名称。
         // 参数5 Map<String, Object> arguments可以传入的参数。
         // 将test.directExchange交换机和test.direct.queue队列进行绑定
         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.direct.queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                 "test.directExchange", "direct", new HashMap<>()));

         // 将test.topicExchange交换机和test.topic.queue队列进行绑定
         // rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.topic.queue",
         // Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "test.topicExchange",
         // "topic", new HashMap<>()));
         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false)) // 直接创建队列
                 .to(new TopicExchange("test.topicExchange", false, false)) // 直接创建交换机 建立关联关系
                 .with("user.#")); // 指定路由Key

         // 将test.fanoutExchange交换机和test.fanout.queue队列进行绑定
         // rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.fanout.queue",
         // Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
         // "test.fanoutExchange", "", new HashMap<>()));

         rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false)) // 直接创建队列
                 .to(new FanoutExchange("test.fanoutExchange", false, false))); // 直接创建交换机 建立关联关系

         // 清空队列数据
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.direct.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.topic.queue", false);
         rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.fanout.queue", false);
     }

     // 发送消息
     @Autowired
     private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

     @Test
     public void sendMessage() {
         // 1、创建消息
         MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
         messageProperties.getHeaders().put("desc", "消息描述");
         messageProperties.getHeaders().put("type", "消息类型");
         Message message = new Message("hello RabbitMQ".getBytes(), messageProperties);

         // 2、发送消息
         String exchange = "topic001";
         String routingKey = "spring.amqp";
         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message, new MessagePostProcessor() {

             @Override
             public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                 System.out.println("======添加额外的设置======");
                 message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("desc", "额外的消息描述");
                 message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("attr", "额外的属性");
                 return message;
             }
         });
     }

     @Test
     public void sendMessage2() throws Exception {
         // 1 创建消息
         MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
         messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
         Message message = new Message("RabbitMQ的消息.......".getBytes(), messageProperties);

         // 2、发送消息
         rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);

         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", "hello object message send!");
         rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic002", "rabbit.abc", "hello object message send!");
     }

 }

SpringAMQP消息容器SimpleMessageListenerContainer，简单消息监听器，效果如下所示：

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" 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作者：别先生

博客园：https://www.cnblogs.com/biehongli/

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