centos7下 vsftpd初使用

一. 安装

1. 命令: yum -y install vsftpd

2. 创建一个用户专门用来登录vsftpd

#在根目录下创建一个文件夹ftpfile

mkdir ftpfile 

#创建用户ftpuser, 该用户主目录名为ftpfile  -s为该用户所用的shell, 此处表示不登录,既没有ssh功能

useradd ftpuser -d /ftpfile -s /sbin/nologin 

# -R表示递归处理 用户名:用户组 该句意思是将ftpfile整个文件夹的拥有者改成ftpuser

chown -R ftpuser:ftpuser /ftpfile/

#更改用户密码

passwd ftpuser

二. 修改配置

默认配置文件为/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, 也可以通过whereis vsftpd查找

在这个配置基础上进行修改，添加即可

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#local_root=/ftpfile
use_localtime=yes
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
tcp_wrappers=YES

pasv_min_port=61001
pasv_max_port=62000

然后在/etc/vsftpd/chroot_user文件中添加 ftpuser

作用: 此份配置是允许ftpuser用户登录, 并且将其限制在主目录下，对于user_list文件没有修改过

user_list以及ftpusers里的用户被禁止登录, 因为userlist_enable=YES, userlist_deny=YES

ftpusers里的用户本身就被vsftpd所禁止登录

　　

三. 关键配置解释

anonymous_enable=NO #禁止匿名访问

ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.  #欢迎信息

local_root=/ftpfile    #指定根目录文件夹, 如果注释掉, 则根目录文件夹为用户的主目录

use_localtime=YES #使用本地时间

---

userlist_enable, userlist_deny, userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

说清楚这三个属性,必须谈到/etc/vsftpd下面的ftpusers, user_list文件

ftpusers文件中的用户是被禁止登陆到ftp服务器的, 就相当于一个黑名单, 里面存放的是权限很大的用户, 为了安全考虑，vsftpd不想要权限过大的用户登录进来

以免会下载上传一些危险文件破坏系统, 例外这个文件始终是有效的，与任何配置项都是无关的。

user_list的有效性却是与userlist_enable, userlist_deny两个属性有关, 它的作用可以是一个白名单，也可以是一个黑名单。具体要根据

userlist_enable, userlist_deny来决定。

注:以下所谈不包括ftpusers名单的用户, 因为ftpusers名单里的用户永远是被禁止登录的

1. userlist_enable=YES时, userlist_deny才起作用, 决定是否启用user_list名单

2. userlist_enable=YES && userlist_deny=YES时, user_list名单里的用户不允许登录, 起黑名单作用

当尝试用名单里的用户登录时, 不会出现密码选项，直接报530 Permission denied. Login failed.错误

3. userlist_enable=YES && userlist_deny=NO,  user_list名单里的用户允许登录, 起白名单作用, user_list名单外的用户不允许登录

当尝试用名单外的用户登录时, 不会出现密码选项，直接报530 Permission denied. Login failed.错误

4. userlist_enable=NO时, user_list名单不起作用

---

chroot_local_user，chroot_list_enable，chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list，allow_writeable_chroot=YES

chroot_local_user：是否将所有用户限制在主目录， 即不能跳出主目录外(YES:限制, NO:不限制)

chroot_list: 在/etc/vsftpd下的一个文件, 作用相当于一个例外表, 即不受chroot_local_user限制

chroot_list_enable: 是否开启chroot_list名单(YES/NO)

allow_writeable_chroot:是否允许chroot_list名单里的用户具有写操作(YES/NO)

1. chroot_list_enable=NO, chroot_list名单不起作用, 取决于chroot_local_user的值

2. chroot_list_enable=YES && chroot_local_user=YES时

意思是将所有用户限制在主目录内，但是chroot_list名单里的用户除外, 即不限制

3. chroot_list_enable=YES && chroot_local_user=NO时

意思是不限制用户在主目录内，但是chroot_list名单里的用户除外, 即chroot_list名单里的用户被限制在主目录内

4. allow_writeable_chroot=YES 一般设置成YES, 不然用户主目录如果拥有写权限时, 登录会报错的

当然要想拥有写操作, 用户主目录必须拥有写权限以及allow_writeable_chroot=YES

---

pasv_min_port=61001

pasv_max_port=62000  #指定上传下载使用端口, vsftpd默认会使用端口，但是线上需要开放具体防火墙端口, 故自己指定

四. 开启vsftpd服务

systemctl start vsftpd  #开启服务

systemctl restart vsftpd #重启服务, 修改了配置需要重启才生效

systemctl stop vsftpd  #关闭服务

systemctl enable vsftpd  #开机自启动

五. 访问vsftpd(需要开放防火墙)

1. 浏览器  ftp://ip

2. 命令  ftp ip

3. 客户端软件  winscp等客户端软件