基于官方镜像MySQL做自定义业务扩充镜像

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/jsonhc/p/7809571.html

首先从https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/拉取官方镜像，如果速度缓慢，建议添加国内加速

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql                                              latest              5709795eeffa        4 days ago          408MB

查看如何使用mysql镜像启动一个container：

docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag

-e：设置环境变量

　　MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD这个变量是强制性的，需要指定密码，如果没有设置此变量的值，那么创建container不会成功

　　MYSQL_USER：为MySQL服务创建一个用户（可选变量）

　　MYSQL_PASSWORD：为创建的用户给定密码（可选变量，与上面变量连用）

　　MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD：指定允许mysql使用空密码（针对的是MySQL服务的root用户的密码）

　　MYSQL_DATABASE：为MySQL中创建库，指定库名称

更多其他变量查看：https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -d mysql

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@c240bb45b889:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

指定可以使用空密码，然后不设置root密码：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes mysql
9c9b61491d9c5f035a32c3ccbe8832ac025676051cc6513159d7bd7cec327d6e
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
9c9b61491d9c        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        3306/tcp            mysql

然后登录到mysql中：

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@9c9b61491d9c:/# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

映射端口到本机host，然后进行-h host进行登录：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat mysql
19c8d047c38d445ca114433ef13f56921106b582e563d5763da61c5c8f48e898
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
19c8d047c38d        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

使用mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.101.14进行登录：

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@19c8d047c38d:/# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.101.14
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

启动容器时，挂载映射数据库数据目录：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql
a6f5ff4550fb13ae767cc1e1e37e344c33f90592dc19b2d2ddc80c5e6b842bf1
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
a6f5ff4550fb        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

查看映射到本机host的数据目录：

[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/
total 188484
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input       56 Nov  9 14:58 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1679 Nov  9 14:58 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1107 Nov  9 14:58 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1107 Nov  9 14:58 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1675 Nov  9 14:58 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1321 Nov  9 14:58 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 79691776 Nov  9 14:58 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov  9 14:58 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov  9 14:58 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov  9 14:58 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     4096 Nov  9 14:58 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     8192 Nov  9 14:58 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1679 Nov  9 14:58 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input      451 Nov  9 14:58 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1107 Nov  9 14:58 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input     1679 Nov  9 14:58 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     8192 Nov  9 14:58 sys

当启动容器时，给MySQL服务创建一个数据库wordpress，创建一个用户wordpress，并指定密码wordpress：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress -e MYSQL_USER=wordpress -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress mysql
4ec8d2d23af884a90aed4e8f5ffd81a7beaa7a3e65065dfdaba49056880d985a
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
4ec8d2d23af8        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

验证创建的结果：

root@b5f97b989c51:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user from mysql.user;
+-----------+
| user      |
+-----------+
| root      |
| wordpress |
| mysql.sys |
| root      |
+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

当这次创建的时候，必须先将上次创建的数据目录进行删除掉，因为如果不删除的话，还是上次创建container时的那次的数据

根据上面的一些操作可以明显的了解到，利用官方镜像启动容器然后执行sql必须麻烦，所以为了需求需要将镜像进行自定义扩容，能够在官方镜像上执行sql等其他需求

[root@docker mysql]# tree
.
├── business.sql
├── Dockerfile
├── mysqld.cnf
└── setup.sh

查看Dockerfile文件：

[root@docker mysql]# cat Dockerfile
FROM mysql

MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com

ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes

COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
COPY business.sql /root/business.sql
COPY setup.sh /root/setup.sh

RUN chmod +x /root/setup.sh
EXPOSE 3306

ENTRYPOINT ["/root/setup.sh"]

Dockerfile中基于官方MySQL镜像，目前是MySQL5.7的版本，所以MySQL软件不需要进行安装，根据上一篇自定义构建MySQL的原理，可以知道在MySQL服务安装好的情况下

编写shell脚本重新将MySQL服务进行初始化，然后在启动和关闭数据库服务起降执行所需要的sql，最后前台执行MySQL进程就行

在最开始有一个ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes环境变量的设置，这是由于官方的MySQL镜像必须进行二选一进行root用户的密码要求

于是Dockerfile就是将需要执行的sql和shell脚本以及配置文件进行了copy

查看setup.sh这个shell脚本：

[root@docker mysql]# cat setup.sh
#!/bin/sh
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

#mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql > /dev/null
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql > /dev/null

mysqld --user=mysql &

sleep 5

mysql < /root/business.sql

sleep 5

ps -wef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9

mysqld --user=mysql

由于MySQL5.6和MySQL5.7初始化的过程不一样，默认情况下MySQL5.7初始化会生成一个root用户的随机密码，可以使用--initialize-insecure进行初始化使root用户

的密码为空，达到初始化的目的

查看business.sql

[root@docker mysql]# cat business.sql
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';

create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;

USE mysql;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("root") WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看配置文件

[root@docker mysql]# cat mysqld.cnf
[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
log-error      = /var/log/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
bind-address   = 0.0.0.0

COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf这是官方配置文件的所在地
最后进行构建：

[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:v1 .

[root@docker mysql]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql:v1
9a7509d3f48eba1a67ec690db652c5b73cbcc88c96ff871701c0ef7becc3ecc4
[root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
9a7509d3f48e        mysql:v1            "/root/setup.sh"    3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

验证business.sql的内容：

[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@9a7509d3f48e:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

映射并挂载到本机host的数据目录：（挂载之前删掉/data/mysql，避免遗留的是上次挂载的数据）

[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/
total 122916
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input       56 Nov  9 15:22 auto.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input      419 Nov  9 15:22 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov  9 15:22 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov  9 15:22 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov  9 15:22 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov  9 15:22 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     4096 Nov  9 15:22 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     8192 Nov  9 15:22 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input     8192 Nov  9 15:22 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input       20 Nov  9 15:22 wordpress

配置文件和sql语句都可以根据业务进行替换，然后在MySQL镜像的基础上进行构建

该构建项目在GitHub：https://github.com/jsonhc/docker_project/tree/master/docker_dockerfile/mysql