Oracle相关数据库操作

1.进入oracle后台操作

su - oracle

2.数据库备份的指定位置

Oracle用sys用户登录查询数据库

select * from dba_directories a where a.directory_name='DATA_PUMP_DIR';

这边不一定是DATA_PUMP_DIR，哪里空间大可以放在哪里，备份的时候指向位置替换下即可

3.Expdp数据泵导出 

expdp为数据泵导出，导入时需要impdp

expdp dlfs0824/bs directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=dlfs0824.dmp logfile=dlfs0824.log 【version=11.1.】

4.Exp导出

exp导出的文件需要imp导入，和数据库版本没有关系

exp dlfs0824/bs file=dlfs0824.dmp owner=dlfs0824 

5.Exp导出多张表 

exp dlfs/bs file=A.dmp tables="(rp_report,rp_dataset)"

6.Impdp导入 

impdp dlfs0830/bs directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=dlfs0824.dmp remap_schema=dlfs0824:dlfs0830 schemas=dlfs0824 

7.Imp导入

imp dlfs0830/bs file=dlfs0824.dmp 【log=dlfs0824.log】 full=y 

8.查找表空间目录存放

select * from dba_data_files a where a.tablespace_name='USERS'

9.创建表空间

select t1.name,t2.name  from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts# = t2.ts#;

创建表空间：

CREATE TABLESPACE "TBS_PLATFORM"
  LOGGING
  DATAFILE '+DATA/orcl/datafile/TBS_PLATFORM.ORA' SIZE 100M EXTENT
  MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT  AUTO;
ALTER DATABASE
  DATAFILE '+DATA/orcl/datafile/TBS_PLATFORM.ORA' AUTOEXTEND
   ON NEXT  1M;

按照下图修改

表空间名小写变大写

 alter tablespace  "fnbank" rename to "FNBANK1";
 alter tablespace "FNBANK1" rename to "FNBANK"; 

扩展表空间:扩展表空间可以新增一个数据文件

ALTER TABLESPACE FS_BASE_TBS ADD DATAFILE
'/opt/11g/oracle/oradata/orcl/FS_BASE_TBS01.ORA' SIZE 2G
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1G ;

10.杀掉Oracle中的会话

杀掉Oracle中的会话，即“使登录某数据库的电脑退出数据库登录，方便我们删掉数据库”，可以用有dba权限的用户登录，查询到对象，并删除指定的会话（即登录要删除的数据库的机器）

单个处理

---查询要关闭的数据库的使用者
select t.machine,t.status,t.sid,t.serial# from v$session t where t.username='数据库用户名';
---kill掉要关闭的使用者
alter system kill session 'sid, serial#';

11.必删除

Plsql的command window窗口打开，执行

alter user 用户名 account lock;

select t.machine,t.status,t.sid,t.serial# from v$session t where t.username='用户名大写';

alter system kill session '1330, 63025';

12.便捷式

SELECT 'alter system kill session '''||SID || ',' || SERIAL#||' IMMEDIATE'';'
  FROM V$SESSION t where   t.USERNAME='HLJFS0830';

alter system kill session '85,58875'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '317,25587'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '321,56899'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '788,33507'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '865,36649'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '1061,25555'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '1293,5887'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '1406,13859'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '1445,57841'IMMEDIATE;
alter system kill session '1485,5809'IMMEDIATE;

14.数据库锁表

select * from v$locked_object;

  select sess.sid,
         sess.serial#,
         lo.oracle_username,
         lo.os_user_name,
         ao.object_name,
         lo.locked_mode from v$locked_object lo,
         dba_objects ao,
         v$session sess where ao.object_id =
         lo.object_id and lo.session_id = sess.sid;

15.查询含同一字段所有表

select column_name,table_name,data_type,data_length,data_precision,data_scale
  from user_tab_columns
     where  column_name like 'FINCOMESORT%'

16.批量导出

打开PLSQL，选择Tools/Export User Opjects

导出后稍做修改

有库名的删掉

17.单个导出

复制黏贴

18.表数据查重

--查询表中是否有重复记录（财政票据的两张表可能存在重复）
select * from fba_set a where (a.fmemo) in  (select fmemo from fba_set group by fmemo  having count(*) > ) ;
select * from fba_dict a where (a.fname) in  (select fname from fba_dict group by fname  having count(*) > ) ; 

19.字符集相关查询

select * from nls_instance_parameters where parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE';   ---oracle客户端

select userenv('language') from dual;
---oracle服务端，如果字符集不是AMERICAN _ AMERICA. ZHS16GBK，实例删掉重建比较快

(在unix主机上):---dmp字符集
cat dmp文件名.dmp |od -x|head -|awk '{print $2 $3}'|cut -c -
返回结果“”，则在数据库操作：
SQL> select nls_charset_name(to_number('','xxxx')) from dual;

20.Oracle找表名

select * from user_tab_comments t where t.comments like '%用户%' 

21.导库报错原因

Ora-：说明dmp用exp导出
Ora-：版本太低