CentOS 7 yum nginx MySQL PHP 简易环境搭建

用centos自带的yum源来安装nginx，mysql和php，超级方便，省去编译的麻烦，省去自己配置的麻烦，还能节省非常多的时间。

我们先把yum源换成国内的阿里云镜像源（当然不换也可以），先备份一下原来的源镜像文件，以免出错后可以恢复：

[root@ ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/，版本根据自己的系统版本选择下载：

CentOS

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

更改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo使其为不生效：

enabled=

运行yum makecache生成缓存:

yum clean all

yum makecache
yum update

安装Nginx

由于yum源中没有我们想要的nginx，那么我们就需要创建一个“/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo”的文件，其实就是新增一个yum源。

[root@ yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

把如下内容复制进去：

[nginx]

name=nginx repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=

enabled=

然后保存退出，输入 yum list nginx 查看，

[root@ yum.repos.d]# yum list nginx

已加载插件：fastestmirror

nginx                                                                           | 2.9 kB  ::

nginx//x86_64/primary_db                                                       |   kB  ::

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

可安装的软件包

nginx.x86_64                                  :1.10.-.el7.ngx                                  nginx

[root@ yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep nginx

nginx.x86_64                               :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-debug.x86_64                         :1.8.-.el7.ngx           nginx

nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    :1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-.el7.ngx

                                                                       nginx

nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          :1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-.el7.ngx

                                                                       nginx

nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         :1.10.-.el7.ngx          nginx

nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.-.el7.ngx            nginx

pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.-.el7                base

[root@ yum.repos.d]#

如果执行命令是这样的显示效果，那么我们的nginx的yum源就配置成功啦！

然后要安装我们的nginx就直接执行：

yum -y install nginx

这样nginx的最新官网版本就安装好了！

启动nginx：

# nginx      #启动nginx

# curl 127.0.0.1

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

<style>

    body {

        width: 35em;

        margin:  auto;

        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;

    }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>

<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and

working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to

<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>

Commercial support is available at

<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>

</body>

</html>

安装MySQL 5.7版本，官网http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

rpm -Uvh  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

可以看到已经有了，并且5.7版本已经启用，可以直接安装：

root@ yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         启用:

mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用

mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              启用:

mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source     禁用

mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview                禁用

mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source       禁用

mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server         禁用

mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server         禁用

mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         启用:

mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server         禁用

mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

[root@ yum.repos.d]#

如果没有开启，或者你想要选择需要的版本进行安装，修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo，选择需要的版本把enable改为1即可，其它的改为0：

修改好后查看可用的安装版本：

[root@ yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community

mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community

mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server

不用犹豫，开始安装吧！

yum -y install mysql-community-server

……经过漫长的等待后，看到下图所示：

开始启动mysql：

service mysqld start

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

看下mysql的启动状态：

[root@ yum.repos.d]# service mysqld status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: active (running) since 日 -- :: CST; 3min 14s ago

  Process:  ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)

  Process:  ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)

 Main PID:  (mysqld)

   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

           └─ /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

10月  :: 192.168.0.14 systemd[]: Starting MySQL Server...

10月  :: 192.168.0.14 systemd[]: Started MySQL Server.

10月  :: 192.168.0.14 systemd[]: Started MySQL Server.

开机启动设置：

systemctl enable mysqld

systemctl daemon-reload

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

[root@ yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

--23T14::.705458Z  [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a&sqr7dou7N_
mysql -uroot -p

修改root密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassWord!';

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件，默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

mysql> show variables like '%password%';

+---------------------------------------+--------+

| Variable_name                         | Value  |

+---------------------------------------+--------+

| default_password_lifetime             |       |

| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |

| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |

| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |

| old_passwords                         |       |

| report_password                       |        |

| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |

| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |

| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |

| validate_password_length              |       |

| validate_password_mixed_case_count    |       |

| validate_password_number_count        |       |

| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |

| validate_password_special_char_count  |       |

+---------------------------------------+--------+

 rows in set (0.00 sec)

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要
validate_password_length：密码最少长度
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

修改密码策略

如果想修改密码策略，在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置：

# 选择0（LOW），（MEDIUM），（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件

validate_password_policy=

配置默认编码为utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

[mysqld]

character_set_server=utf8

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我们添加一个新的帐户：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'evai'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '@evai2016' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

这样远程就可以用账户名为evai，密码为@evai2016来登录数据库了，运行 select host, user from mysql.user 查看下：

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;

+-----------+-----------+

| host      | user      |

+-----------+-----------+

| %         | evai      |

| localhost | mysql.sys |

| localhost | root      |

+-----------+-----------+

 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安装PHP7

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

执行命令安装php7：

yum install php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-mysql.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64

安装php-fpm：

yum install php70w-fpm php70w-opcache

启动php-fpm：

systemctl start php-fpm

修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 文件，找到下面这段并改为如下所示：

location ~ \.php$ {

        root           /usr/share/nginx/html;

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:;

        fastcgi_index  index.php;

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

        include        fastcgi_params;

    }

接着到 /usr/share/nginx/html 目录下创建一个test.php文件，内容为phpinfo():

vi /usr/share/nginx/html/test.php

#内容

<?php

phpinfo();

保存退出。接着重启nginx：

nginx -s reload

打开浏览器，看到如下图说明运行成功：

至此环境搭建完成。