django 用户管理系列：1 user

:first-child{margin-top:0!important}.markdown-body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}.markdown-body a:not([href]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.markdown-body .anchor{float:left;padding-right:4px;margin-left:-20px;line-height:1}.markdown-body .anchor:focus{outline:0}.markdown-body blockquote,.markdown-body dl,.markdown-body ol,.markdown-body p,.markdown-body pre,.markdown-body table,.markdown-body ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body hr{overflow:hidden;background:#e1e4e8;height:.25em;padding:0;margin:24px 0;border:0}.markdown-body blockquote{padding:0 1em;color:#6a737d;border-left:.25em solid #dfe2e5}.markdown-body h1,.markdown-body h2{padding-bottom:.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecef}.markdown-body blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.markdown-body blockquote>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body h1,.markdown-body h2,.markdown-body h3,.markdown-body h4,.markdown-body h5,.markdown-body h6{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}.markdown-body h1 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h2 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h3 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h4 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h5 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h6 .octicon-link{color:#1b1f23;vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden}.markdown-body h1:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h2:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h3:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h4:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h5:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h6:hover .anchor{text-decoration:none}.markdown-body h1:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h2:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h3:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h4:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h5:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h6:hover .anchor .octicon-link{visibility:visible}.markdown-body h6{color:#6a737d}.markdown-body ol,.markdown-body ul{padding-left:2em}.markdown-body ol ol,.markdown-body ol ul,.markdown-body ul ol,.markdown-body ul ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body li>p{margin-top:16px}.markdown-body li+li{margin-top:.25em}.markdown-body dl{padding:0}.markdown-body dl dt{padding:0;margin-top:16px;font-size:1em;font-style:italic;font-weight:600}.markdown-body dl dd{padding:0 16px;margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body table th{font-weight:600}.markdown-body table td,.markdown-body table th{padding:6px 13px;border:1px solid #dfe2e5}.markdown-body table tr{background-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #c6cbd1}.markdown-body table tr:nth-child(2n){background-color:#f6f8fa}.markdown-body img{max-width:100%;box-sizing:content-box;background-color:#fff}.markdown-body code{padding:.2em 0;margin:0;font-size:85%;background-color:rgba(27,31,35,.05);border-radius:3px}.markdown-body code::after,.markdown-body code::before{letter-spacing:-.2em;content:"\00a0"}.markdown-body pre>code{padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;word-break:normal;white-space:pre;background:0 0;border:0}.markdown-body .highlight{margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body .highlight pre{margin-bottom:0;word-break:normal}.markdown-body .highlight pre,.markdown-body pre{padding:16px;overflow:auto;font-size:85%;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f6f8fa;border-radius:3px}.markdown-body pre code{display:inline;max-width:auto;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;line-height:inherit;word-wrap:normal;background-color:transparent;border:0}.markdown-body pre code::after,.markdown-body pre code::before{content:normal}.markdown-body .full-commit .btn-outline:not(:disabled):hover{color:#005cc5;border-color:#005cc5}.markdown-body kbd{display:inline-block;padding:3px 5px;font:11px SFMono-Regular,Consolas,"Liberation Mono",Menlo,Courier,monospace;line-height:10px;color:#444d56;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#fafbfc;border:1px solid #d1d5da;border-bottom-color:#c6cbd1;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 #c6cbd1}.node text,.noteText,div.mermaidTooltip{font-family:'trebuchet ms',verdana,arial}.markdown-body :checked+.radio-label{position:relative;z-index:1;border-color:#0366d6}.markdown-body .task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:3px}.markdown-body .task-list-item input{margin:0 .2em .25em -1.6em;vertical-align:middle}.markdown-body hr{border-bottom-color:#eee}.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:.5em;color:#333;background:#f8f8f8}.hljs-comment,.hljs-quote{color:#998;font-style:italic}.hljs-keyword,.hljs-selector-tag,.hljs-subst{color:#333;font-weight:700}.hljs-literal,.hljs-number,.hljs-tag .hljs-attr,.hljs-template-variable,.hljs-variable{color:teal}.hljs-doctag,.hljs-string{color:#d14}.hljs-section,.hljs-selector-id,.hljs-title{color:#900;font-weight:700}.hljs-subst{font-weight:400}.hljs-class .hljs-title,.hljs-type{color:#458;font-weight:700}.hljs-attribute,.hljs-name,.hljs-tag{color:navy;font-weight:400}.hljs-meta,.hljs-strong{font-weight:700}.hljs-link,.hljs-regexp{color:#009926}.hljs-bullet,.hljs-symbol{color:#990073}.hljs-built_in,.hljs-builtin-name{color:#0086b3}.hljs-meta{color:#999}.hljs-deletion{background:#fdd}.hljs-addition{background:#dfd}.hljs-emphasis{font-style:italic}.mermaid .label{color:#333}.node circle,.node ellipse,.node polygon,.node rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#CCF;stroke-width:1px}.edgePath .path{stroke:#333}.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8}.cluster rect{fill:#ffffde!important;rx:4!important;stroke:#aa3!important;stroke-width:1px!important}.cluster text{fill:#333}.actor{stroke:#CCF;fill:#ECECFF}text.actor{fill:#000;stroke:none}.actor-line{stroke:grey}.messageLine0,.messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:"2 2";stroke:#333}#arrowhead{fill:#333}#crosshead path{fill:#333!important;stroke:#333!important}.messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none}.labelBox{stroke:#CCF;fill:#ECECFF}.labelText,.loopText{fill:#000;stroke:none}.loopLine{stroke-width:2;stroke-dasharray:"2 2";stroke:#CCF}.note{stroke:#aa3;fill:#fff5ad}.noteText{fill:#000;stroke:none;font-size:14px}.section{stroke:none;opacity:.2}.section0{fill:rgba(102,102,255,.49)}.section2{fill:#fff400}.section1,.section3{fill:#fff;opacity:.2}.sectionTitle0,.sectionTitle1,.sectionTitle2,.sectionTitle3{fill:#333}.sectionTitle{text-anchor:start;font-size:11px;text-height:14px}.grid .tick{stroke:#d3d3d3;opacity:.3;shape-rendering:crispEdges}.grid path{stroke-width:0}.today{fill:none;stroke:red;stroke-width:2px}.task{stroke-width:2}.taskText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:11px}.taskTextOutsideRight{fill:#000;text-anchor:start;font-size:11px}.taskTextOutsideLeft{fill:#000;text-anchor:end;font-size:11px}.taskText0,.taskText1,.taskText2,.taskText3{fill:#fff}.task0,.task1,.task2,.task3{fill:#8a90dd;stroke:#534fbc}.taskTextOutside0,.taskTextOutside1,.taskTextOutside2,.taskTextOutside3{fill:#000}.active0,.active1,.active2,.active3{fill:#bfc7ff;stroke:#534fbc}.activeText0,.activeText1,.activeText2,.activeText3{fill:#000!important}.done0,.done1,.done2,.done3{stroke:grey;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2}.doneText0,.doneText1,.doneText2,.doneText3{fill:#000!important}.crit0,.crit1,.crit2,.crit3{stroke:#f88;fill:red;stroke-width:2}.activeCrit0,.activeCrit1,.activeCrit2,.activeCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#bfc7ff;stroke-width:2}.doneCrit0,.doneCrit1,.doneCrit2,.doneCrit3{stroke:#f88;fill:#d3d3d3;stroke-width:2;cursor:pointer;shape-rendering:crispEdges}.activeCritText0,.activeCritText1,.activeCritText2,.activeCritText3,.doneCritText0,.doneCritText1,.doneCritText2,.doneCritText3{fill:#000!important}.titleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#000}.node text{font-size:14px}div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-size:12px;background:#ffffde;border:1px solid #aa3;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_AMS;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Main;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Bold.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Main;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Italic.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Main;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Main-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Math;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Math-Italic.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Script;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Script-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Script-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Script-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Size1;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Size2;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Size3;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Size4;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.eot);src:url(fonts/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.eot#iefix) format('embedded-opentype'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(fonts/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.katex-display{display:block;margin:1em 0;text-align:center}.katex .base,.katex .katex-html,.katex .strut{display:inline-block}.katex-display>.katex{display:inline-block;text-align:initial}.katex{font:400 1.21em KaTeX_Main,Times New Roman,serif;line-height:1.2;white-space:nowrap;text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto}.katex *{-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important}.katex .katex-mathml{position:absolute;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);padding:0;border:0;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden}.katex .base,.katex .vlist,.katex .vlist>span{position:relative}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mainit,.katex .mathit,.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Math}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mainit,.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .mainrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mord+.mop{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .mord+.mbin{margin-left:.22222em}.katex .mord+.mrel{margin-left:.27778em}.katex .mop+.mop,.katex .mop+.mord,.katex .mord+.minner{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .mop+.mrel{margin-left:.27778em}.katex .mop+.minner{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .mbin+.minner,.katex .mbin+.mop,.katex .mbin+.mopen,.katex .mbin+.mord{margin-left:.22222em}.katex .mrel+.minner,.katex .mrel+.mop,.katex .mrel+.mopen,.katex .mrel+.mord{margin-left:.27778em}.katex .mclose+.mop{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .mclose+.mbin{margin-left:.22222em}.katex .mclose+.mrel{margin-left:.27778em}.katex .mclose+.minner,.katex .minner+.mop,.katex .minner+.mord,.katex .mpunct+.mclose,.katex .mpunct+.minner,.katex .mpunct+.mop,.katex .mpunct+.mopen,.katex .mpunct+.mord,.katex .mpunct+.mpunct,.katex .mpunct+.mrel{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .minner+.mbin{margin-left:.22222em}.katex .minner+.mrel{margin-left:.27778em}.katex .minner+.minner,.katex .minner+.mopen,.katex .minner+.mpunct{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .mbin.mtight,.katex .mclose.mtight,.katex .minner.mtight,.katex .mop.mtight,.katex .mopen.mtight,.katex .mord.mtight,.katex .mpunct.mtight,.katex .mrel.mtight{margin-left:0}.katex .mclose+.mop.mtight,.katex .minner+.mop.mtight,.katex .mop+.mop.mtight,.katex .mop+.mord.mtight,.katex .mord+.mop.mtight{margin-left:.16667em}.katex .vlist-t{display:inline-table;table-layout:fixed}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{display:table-cell;vertical-align:bottom}.katex .vlist>span{display:block;height:0}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{overflow:hidden;width:0}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{display:table-cell;vertical-align:bottom;font-size:1px;width:2px}.katex .fontsize-ensurer,.katex .llap>.fix,.katex .mfrac .frac-line,.katex .mspace,.katex .mtable .arraycolsep,.katex .mtable .vertical-separator,.katex .nulldelimiter,.katex .rlap>.fix,.katex .rule,.katex .sizing{display:inline-block}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .accent>.vlist-t,.katex .mfrac>span>span,.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{width:100%;border-bottom-style:solid}.katex .mspace.negativethinspace{margin-left:-.16667em}.katex .mspace.thinspace{width:.16667em}.katex .mspace.negativemediumspace{margin-left:-.22222em}.katex .mspace.mediumspace{width:.22222em}.katex .mspace.thickspace{width:.27778em}.katex .mspace.sixmuspace{width:.333333em}.katex .mspace.eightmuspace{width:.444444em}.katex .mspace.enspace{width:.5em}.katex .mspace.twelvemuspace{width:.666667em}.katex .mspace.quad{width:1em}.katex .mspace.qquad{width:2em}.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{width:0;position:relative}.katex .llap>.inner,.katex .rlap>.inner{position:absolute}.katex .llap>.inner{right:0}.katex .rlap>.inner{left:0}.katex .katex-logo .a{font-size:.75em;margin-left:-.32em;position:relative;top:-.2em}.katex .katex-logo .t{margin-left:-.23em}.katex .katex-logo .e{margin-left:-.1667em;position:relative;top:.2155em}.katex .katex-logo .x{margin-left:-.125em}.katex .rule{border:0 solid;position:relative}.katex .overline .overline-line,.katex .underline .underline-line{display:inline-block;width:100%;border-bottom-style:solid}.katex .sqrt>.root{margin-left:.27777778em;margin-right:-.55555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.83333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.16666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.33333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.66666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.45666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.14666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.71428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.85714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.14285714em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.28571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.42857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.71428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.05714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.46857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.96285714em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.55428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.55555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.66666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.77777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.88888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.11111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.33333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.30444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.76444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.41666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.58333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.66666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.83333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.72833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.07333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.34722222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.41666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.48611111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.55555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.69444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.83333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.44027778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.72777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.28935185em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.34722222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.40509259em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.46296296em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.52083333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.5787037em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.69444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.83333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.20023148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.43981481em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.24108004em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.28929605em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.33751205em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.38572806em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.43394407em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.48216008em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.57859209em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.69431051em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.83317261em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.19961427em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.20096463em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.24115756em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.28135048em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.32154341em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.36173633em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.40192926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.48231511em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.57877814em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.69453376em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.83360129em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{width:.12em}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .accent .accent-body>span{width:0}.katex .accent .accent-body.accent-vec>span{position:relative;left:.326em}.katex .accent .accent-body.accent-hungarian>span{position:relative;left:.25em}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{margin:0 -.025em;border-right:.05em solid #000}.katex .stretchy,.katex svg{width:100%;display:block}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow,div.mermaid{text-align:center}.katex svg{position:absolute}.katex svg path{fill:currentColor}.katex svg line{stroke:currentColor}.katex .stretchy:after,.katex .stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:.04em solid #000}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap+.mbin,.katex .cancel-lap+.mord,.katex .cancel-lap+.msupsub,.katex .mbin+.cancel-lap,.katex .mord+.cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em}.katex .sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}body{margin:0;padding:0}.markdown-body{min-width:256px;max-width:978px;margin:0 auto;padding:20px;font-size:14px}.markdown-body h1{font-size:2.25em}.markdown-body h2{font-size:1.75em}.markdown-body h3{font-size:1.5em}.markdown-body h4{font-size:1.25em}.markdown-body h5,.markdown-body h6{font-size:1em}div.mermaid svg{height:auto}hr.footnotes-sep{margin:64px 0 32px;height:1px}.footnotes{font-size:90%;padding-left:16px}li.footnote-item>p{margin:8px 0}.danger,.info,.success,.warning{padding:15px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px}.danger>p:last-child,.info>p:last-child,.success>p:last-child,.warning>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.success{color:#3c763d;background-color:#dff0d8;border-color:#d6e9c6}.info{color:#31708f;background-color:#d9edf7;border-color:#bce8f1}.warning{color:#8a6d3b;background-color:#fcf8e3;border-color:#faebcc}.danger{color:#a94442;background-color:#f2dede;border-color:#ebccd1}abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #777}ul.table-of-contents li{margin:4px 0}.markdown-body table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:auto;display:table}.markdown-body table td,.markdown-body table th{word-break:break-all}
-->

- user

user

user 对象是授权系统的核心、用户可以分成两类 1):superuser 2):staff；下面是user表的结构

create table auth_user (

    /*

    用户

    */

    id           int(11)              not null auto_increment,

    password     varchar(128)         not null,

    last_login   datetime(6)          DEFAULT NULL,

    is_superuser tinyint(1)           not null,

    username     varchar(150)         not null,

    first_name   varchar(30)          not null,

    last_name    varchar(150)         not null,

    email        varchar(254)         not null,

    is_staff     tinyint(1)           not null,

    is_active    tinyint(1)           not null,

    date_joined  datetime(6)          not null,

    primary key (id),

    unique  key username (username)

)

创建用户

通过user.objects.create_user方法创建用户

import django

django.setup()

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

u = User.objects.create_user('jianglegege','127.0.0.1@qq.com','mypassword')

数据库的user表保存如下行

select  * from auth_user \G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

          id: 1

    password: pbkdf2_sha256$100000$qOjRhC0Rrzfe$IyyhAkh31+tlPs/YrK+3HwQXupbyKWNE5ouDdDd97xg=

  last_login: NULL

is_superuser: 0

    username: jianglegege

  first_name:

   last_name:

       email: 127.0.0.1@qq.com

    is_staff: 0

   is_active: 1

 date_joined: 2018-05-24 04:58:38.617093

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

现给出源码中create_user的原型：

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):

    use_in_migrations = True

    def _create_user(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):

        """

        Create and save a user with the given username, email, and password.

        """

        if not username:

            raise ValueError('The given username must be set')

        email = self.normalize_email(email)

        username = self.model.normalize_username(username)

        user = self.model(username=username, email=email, **extra_fields)

        user.set_password(password)

        user.save(using=self._db)

        return user

    def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):

        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)

        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)

        return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)

建议在创建user对象时把指定参数名、这样比较好理解

u = User.objects.create_user(username='neeky',email='127.0.0.1@qq.com',password='mypassword')

创建超级用户

超级用户可以在命令行中创建

python3 manage.py createsuperuser --username=admin --email=127.0.0.1@qq.com

Password:

Password (again):

Django会提示输入密码和确认密码，数据库中针对超级用户会保存如下信息：

*************************** 3. row ***************************

          id: 3

    password: pbkdf2_sha256$100000$rHeJUU5jdYjk$iV+n2op/EfHj1jmvHQSwKiNusWsg2Xt+L5as4hJhdTU=

  last_login: NULL

is_superuser: 1

    username: admin

  first_name:

   last_name:

       email: 127.0.0.1@qq.com

    is_staff: 1

   is_active: 1

 date_joined: 2018-05-24 05:17:09.110324

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

更新密码

由上面的内容可以知道django对用户密码是取胜密文保存的、人肉计算加密串是不现实的、所以还是要通过django提供的接口来修改密码；django提供了两种修改密码的方式 1):命令行 2):user对象的set_password()方法

1)、命令行方式：
```
python3 manage.py changepassword admin

Changing password for user 'admin'

Password:

Password (again):

Password changed successfully for user 'admin'
```
2)、实例方法：
```
import django

django.setup()

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

u = User.objects.get(username='admin')

u.set_password('127.0.0.1@password')

u.save()
```

用户验证

django 通过authenticate函数完成用户验证

def authenticate(request=None, **credentials):

    """

    If the given credentials are valid, return a User object.

    """

    for backend, backend_path in _get_backends(return_tuples=True):

        try:

            user = _authenticate_with_backend(backend, backend_path, request, credentials)

        except PermissionDenied:

            # This backend says to stop in our tracks - this user should not be allowed in at all.

            break

        if user is None:

            continue

        # Annotate the user object with the path of the backend.

        user.backend = backend_path

        return user

    # The credentials supplied are invalid to all backends, fire signal

    user_login_failed.send(sender=__name__, credentials=_clean_credentials(credentials), request=request)

由上面定义可知在验证成功后会返回一个User类的实例、如果没有成功会返回一个None值

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate

u = authenticate(username='admin',password='127.0.0.1@password')

if u != None:

    print(u.username) # admin

else:

    print('error')

注意：request参数是可选的