关于Gson无法将匿名类转化为json字符串的问题

在使用gson过程中，一般会将数据存在一个对象模型中，使用gson将模型转换成json字符串用于数据交互。

代码形如：

        ArrayList<String> list =  new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("test1");
        list.add("test2");
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        System.out.println("list to json is : "+gson.toJson(list));

程序输出内容为：

list to json is : ["test1","test2"]

但是当转化对象是匿名类时：

        ArrayList<String> arrayList =  new ArrayList<String>() {{
            add("对");
            add("不对");
        }};
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        System.out.println("isAnonymousClass list to json is : "+gson.toJson(arrayList));

程序输出内容为：

isAnonymousClass list to json is : null

同理，如果使用模型对象，模型的某个字段的实例对象为匿名类，这个字段序列化的结果也是null。

这里我们研究一下gson的实现来分析原因：

首先，通过gson.toJson方法的实现很容易招到com.google.gson.Gson#toJson(java.lang.Object, java.lang.reflect.Type, com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter) 这个方法，实现如下：

  /**
   * Writes the JSON representation of {@code src} of type {@code typeOfSrc} to
   * {@code writer}.
   * @throws JsonIOException if there was a problem writing to the writer
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public void toJson(Object src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonWriter writer) throws JsonIOException {
    TypeAdapter<?> adapter = getAdapter(TypeToken.get(typeOfSrc));
    boolean oldLenient = writer.isLenient();
    writer.setLenient(true);
    boolean oldHtmlSafe = writer.isHtmlSafe();
    writer.setHtmlSafe(htmlSafe);
    boolean oldSerializeNulls = writer.getSerializeNulls();
    writer.setSerializeNulls(serializeNulls);
    try {
      ((TypeAdapter<Object>) adapter).write(writer, src);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new JsonIOException(e);
    } finally {
      writer.setLenient(oldLenient);
      writer.setHtmlSafe(oldHtmlSafe);
      writer.setSerializeNulls(oldSerializeNulls);
    }
  }

进入getAdapter方法

 public <T> TypeAdapter<T> getAdapter(TypeToken<T> type) {
    TypeAdapter<?> cached = typeTokenCache.get(type);
    if (cached != null) {
      return (TypeAdapter<T>) cached;
    }
 
    Map<TypeToken<?>, FutureTypeAdapter<?>> threadCalls = calls.get();
    boolean requiresThreadLocalCleanup = false;
    if (threadCalls == null) {
      threadCalls = new HashMap<TypeToken<?>, FutureTypeAdapter<?>>();
      calls.set(threadCalls);
      requiresThreadLocalCleanup = true;
    }
 
    // the key and value type parameters always agree
    FutureTypeAdapter<T> ongoingCall = (FutureTypeAdapter<T>) threadCalls.get(type);
    if (ongoingCall != null) {
      return ongoingCall;
    }
 
    try {
      FutureTypeAdapter<T> call = new FutureTypeAdapter<T>();
      threadCalls.put(type, call);
 
      for (TypeAdapterFactory factory : factories) {
        TypeAdapter<T> candidate = factory.create(this, type);
        if (candidate != null) {
          call.setDelegate(candidate);
          typeTokenCache.put(type, candidate);
          return candidate;
        }
      }
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("GSON cannot handle " + type);
    } finally {
      threadCalls.remove(type);
 
      if (requiresThreadLocalCleanup) {
        calls.remove();
      }
    }
  }

这里，获取adapter时，会从默认的工厂列表中逐个获取工厂，基于传入的类型获取adapter实例，

这里我们关注的是com.google.gson.internal.Excluder这个工厂，

  public <T> TypeAdapter<T> create(final Gson gson, final TypeToken<T> type) {
    Class<?> rawType = type.getRawType();
    final boolean skipSerialize = excludeClass(rawType, true);
    final boolean skipDeserialize = excludeClass(rawType, false);
 
    if (!skipSerialize && !skipDeserialize) {
      return null;
    }
 
    return new TypeAdapter<T>() {
      /** The delegate is lazily created because it may not be needed, and creating it may fail. */
      private TypeAdapter<T> delegate;
 
      @Override public T read(JsonReader in) throws IOException {
        if (skipDeserialize) {
          in.skipValue();
          return null;
        }
        return delegate().read(in);
      }
 
      @Override public void write(JsonWriter out, T value) throws IOException {
        if (skipSerialize) {
          out.nullValue();
          return;
        }
        delegate().write(out, value);
      }
 
      private TypeAdapter<T> delegate() {
        TypeAdapter<T> d = delegate;
        return d != null
            ? d
            : (delegate = gson.getDelegateAdapter(Excluder.this, type));
      }
    };
  }

这里

  public boolean excludeClass(Class<?> clazz, boolean serialize) {
    if (version != Excluder.IGNORE_VERSIONS
        && !isValidVersion(clazz.getAnnotation(Since.class), clazz.getAnnotation(Until.class))) {
      return true;
    }
 
    if (!serializeInnerClasses && isInnerClass(clazz)) {
      return true;
    }
 
    if (isAnonymousOrLocal(clazz)) {
      return true;
    }
 
    List<ExclusionStrategy> list = serialize ? serializationStrategies : deserializationStrategies;
    for (ExclusionStrategy exclusionStrategy : list) {
      if (exclusionStrategy.shouldSkipClass(clazz)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
 
    return false;
  }

这里调用了isAnonymousOrLocal这个方法（从方法名称来看就是判断是否是匿名类或本地类，其判断是否是匿名类的逻辑是使用的java.lang.Class#isAnonymousClass方法，根据类名判断），由于skipSerialize和skipDeserialize 都由这个逻辑返回了true，最后create方法返回了Excluder工厂生成adapter对象.

由Excluder的注释和返回的TypeAdapter对象都很容易看出，它的作用就是忽略该对象的j转换，最终返回null