VIM配置

Linux下的编辑器以vim和emacs为主流，一个编辑器之神，一个是神的编辑器。

本文以主要介绍如何在linux下以vim为基础搭建一个比较顺手的代码编辑器。

• 有两种比较流行的方式：

自动安装
手动安装

• 自动安装

　　这种是方法是比较省事的方法，只要一个.vimrc配置文件就可以搞定所有的事情，一次配好即可。以后只要有这个配置文件，就可以走遍天下。
这种方式需要使用一个VIM插件管理工具来自动管理VIM插件的安装与卸载，笔者使用的Vundle来管理VIM插件，Vundle的全称是Vim Bundle，它是一款Vim插件管理工具。Vundle让你可以非常轻松地安装、更新、搜索和清理Vim插件。它还能管理你的运行时环境，并帮助标记。

• • 可以在Github上下载Vundle： https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim

下载完成后，解压到用户根目录的.vim目录下即可

• • 在终端（命令行）中使用git clone获取： git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

clone完成后， 会在用户根目录下多出来一个bundle目录，此时Vundle已经安装完成。安装好Vundle以后，就可以根据自己的需要安装插件了。Vundle提供了几种不同的插件安装方式，一般我们用到的插件在github都可以找到，因此最常用的一般就是直接找github上插件对应的仓名，添加到.vimrc中即可。然后打开vim，执行:PluginInstall命令，即可自动安装，等待Vundle执行完下载安装操作后，就可以开始享受VIM了。

笔者的.vimrc文件配置如下：

 "===============================================================================================
 set nocompatible " be iMproved, required
 filetype off " required
 
 " set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
 set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
 call vundle#begin()
 " alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
 "call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')
 
 " let Vundle manage Vundle, required
 Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
 
 " The following are examples of different formats supported.
 " Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin/end.
 " plugin on GitHub repo
 Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
 
 " plugin from http://vim-scripts.org/vim/scripts.html
 Plugin 'L9'
 
 " Git plugin not hosted on GitHub
 "Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'
 
 " git repos on your local machine (i.e. when working on your own plugin)
 "Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
 
 " The sparkup vim script is in a subdirectory of this repo called vim.
 " Pass the path to set the runtimepath properly.
 "Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}
 
 " Install L9 and avoid a Naming conflict if you've already installed a
 " different version somewhere else.
 "Plugin 'ascenator/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}
 
 " All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
 
 "============================ my plugins start =============================
 Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
 Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
 Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
 Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
 Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
 Plugin 'tacahiroy/ctrlp-funky'
 Plugin 'jlanzarotta/bufexplorer'
 Plugin 'easymotion/vim-easymotion'
 Plugin 'haya14busa/incsearch.vim'
 Plugin 'dkprice/vim-easygrep'
 Plugin 'dyng/ctrlsf.vim'
 Plugin 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
 Plugin 'hfts/Porsche'
 Plugin 'vim-scripts/OmniCppComplete'
 Plugin 'vim-scripts/AutoComplPop'
 Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
 
 "============================ my plugins end ===============================
 
 call vundle#end() " required
 filetype plugin indent on " required
 " To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
 "filetype plugin on
 "
 " Brief help
 " :PluginList - lists configured plugins
 " :PluginInstall - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate
 " :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache
 " :PluginClean - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal
 "
 " see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ
 " Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line
 
 "========== for vim ==============
 syntax enable " 开启语法高亮
 set t_Co= " 开启256色显示
 set scrolloff= " 滚动时保持边距5行
 set number " 开启行号显示
 set mouse=a " 开启鼠标
 set cmdheight=
 set nocompatible
 set confirm " 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
 set autoindent    " 自动缩进
 set tabstop=    " Tab键的宽度
 set expandtab " 展开tab为空格
 set softtabstop=    " 统一缩进为4
 set shiftwidth=
 filetype plugin indent on "打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
 set completeopt=longest,menu
 set hlsearch " 高亮搜索
 set laststatus= " 始终显示状态栏
 set encoding=utf- "
 set ignorecase " 搜索忽略大小写
 set nopaste " 切换到正常模式
 set list lcs=tab:\¦\ " 显示对齐线 | ¦ ┆ │
 
 colorscheme Porsche
 
 set cursorline
 "hi cursorline cterm=none term=none
 "autocmd WinEnter * setlocal cursorline
 "autocmd WinLeave * setlocal nocursorline
 "highlight CursorLine guibg=#30F010 ctermbg=189
 
 "自动补全
 :inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
 :inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
 :inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
 :inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
 :inoremap [ []<ESC>i
 :inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
 :inoremap " ""<ESC>i
 :inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
 function! ClosePair(char)
 if getline('.')[col('.') - ] == a:char
 return "\<Right>"
 else
 return a:char
 endif
 endfunction"
 
 "========== for quick key =======
 " F11默认时全屏
 nmap <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
 nmap <F3> :TagbarToggle<CR>
 nmap <F4> :ToggleBufExplorer<cr>
 nmap <F5> :CtrlPFunky<cr>
 nmap <F10> :set paste<cr> " 切换到粘贴模式
 nmap <F12> :source ~/.vimrc<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>ll :colorscheme Porsche<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>jj :colorscheme space-vim-dark<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>nm :set nonumber<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>mn :set number<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>ag :Ag<cr>
 nmap <silent> <leader>ff ::shell<cr>
 
 "========== for NERDTree ==============
 "let g:NERDTree_title='NERD Tree'
 "let g:winManagerWindowLayout='NERDTree|TagList,Tarbar'
 autocmd vimenter * NERDTree
 nmap wm :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
 autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") ==  && exists("b:NERDTree") ) | q | endif
 function! NERDTree_Start()
 exec 'NERDTree'
 endfunction
 function! NERDTree_IsValid()
 return
 endfunction
 nmap <silent> mt :if IsWinManagerVisible() <BAR> WMToggle<CR> <BAR> else <BAR> WMToggle<CR>:q<CR> endif "<CR>
 
 "========== for CtrlP ===================
 let g:ctrlp_map = '<c-p>'
 let g:ctrlp_cmd = 'CtrlP'
 let g:ctrlp_working_path_mode = 'r'
 let g:ctrlp_match_window = 'bottom,order:ttb,min:1,max:15,results:100'
 let g:ctrlp_tabpage_position = 'al'
 let g:ctrlp_working_path_mode = 'r'
 let g:ctrlp_reuse_window = 'netrw\|help\|quickfix'
 let g:ctrlp_open_new_file = 't'
 let g:ctrlp_open_multiple_files = 'tjr'
 let g:ctrlp_arg_map =
 let g:ctrlp_extensions = ['tag', 'buffertag', 'quickfix', 'dir', 'rtscript',
 \ 'undo', 'line', 'changes', 'mixed', 'bookmarkdir']
 set wildignore+=*/tmp/*,*.so,*.swp,*.zip,*.png,*.jpg,*.jpeg,*.gif " MacOSX/Linux
 let g:ctrlp_custom_ignore = '\v[\/]\.(git|hg|svn)$'
 
 if executable('ag')
 " Use Ag over Grep
 set grepprg=ag\ --nogroup\ --nocolor
 " Use ag in CtrlP for listing files.
 let g:ctrlp_user_command = 'ag %s -l --nocolor -g ""'
 " Ag is fast enough that CtrlP doesn't need to cache
 let g:ctrlp_use_caching = 0
 endif
 
 "========== for CtrlPFunky ==============
 nnoremap <Leader>u :execute 'CtrlPFunky ' . expand('<cword>')<Cr>
 let g:ctrlp_extensions = ['funky']
 let g:ctrlp_funky_syntax_highlight = 1
 let g:ctrlp_funky_matchtype = 'path'
 let g:ctrlp_funky_nerdtree_include_files = 1
 
 "========== for vim-airline ==============
 let g:airline_theme="light" "light
 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_sep = ' '
 let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_alt_sep = '|'
 
 "========== for EasyMotion ==============
 " <Leader>f{char} to move to {char}
 map <Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-bd-f)
 nmap <Leader>f <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f)
 " s{char}{char} to move to {char}{char}
 nmap s <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-f2)
 " Move to line
 map <Leader>L <Plug>(easymotion-bd-jk)
 nmap <Leader>L <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-line)
 " Move to word
 map <Leader>w <Plug>(easymotion-bd-w)
 nmap <Leader>w <Plug>(easymotion-overwin-w)
 
 "========== for insearch ==============
 map / <Plug>(incsearch-forward)
 map ? <Plug>(incsearch-backward)
 map g/ <Plug>(incsearch-stay)
 nnoremap <Esc><Esc> :<C-u>nohlsearch<CR>
 "set incsearch
 set hlsearch
 let g:incsearch#auto_nohlsearch = 0
 map n <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-n)
 map N <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-N)
 map * <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-*)
 map # <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-#)
 map g* <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-g*)
 map g# <Plug>(incsearch-nohl-g#)
 
 "=========== for NERDTREE-GIT-PLUGIN =====
 let g:NERDTreeIndicatorMapCustom = {
 \ "Modified" : "✹",
 \ "Staged" : "✚",
 \ "Untracked" : "✭",
 \ "Renamed" : "➜",
 \ "Unmerged" : "═",
 \ "Deleted" : "✖",
 \ "Dirty" : "✗",
 \ "Clean" : "✔︎",
 \ "Unknown" : "?"
 \ }
 
 "=========== cscope ===============
 if has("cscope")
 set csprg=/usr/local/bin/cscope
 set csto=0
 set cst
 set nocsverb
 " add any database in current directory
 if filereadable("cscope.out")
 cs add cscope.out
 " else add database pointed to by environment
 elseif $CSCOPE_DB != ""
 cs add $CSCOPE_DB
 endif
 set csverb
 endif
 nmap <C-\>s :cs find s <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>g :cs find g <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>c :cs find c <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>t :cs find t <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>e :cs find e <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>f :cs find f <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR><CR>
 nmap <C-\>i :cs find i ^<C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<CR>$<CR>
 nmap <C-\>d :cs find d <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
 
 "=========== omnicppcomplete ===============
 let OmniCpp_GlobalScopeSearch = 1
 let OmniCpp_NamespaceSearch = 2
 let OmniCpp_DisplayMode = 1
 let OmniCpp_ShowScopeInAbbr = 1
 let OmniCpp_ShowPrototypeInAbbr = 1
 let OmniCpp_ShowAccess = 1
 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteDot = 1
 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteArrow = 1
 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope = 1
 let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope = 1
 let OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem = 1
 let OmniCpp_DefaultNamespace=["std"]
 let OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem = 2
 
 "===============NERD Commenter=========================
 let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 " Add spaces after comment delimiters by default
 let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1 " Use compact syntax for prettified multi-line comments
 let g:NERDDefaultAlign = 'left' " Align line-wise comment delimiters flush left instead of following code indentation
 let g:NERDAltDelims_java = 1 " Set a language to use its alternate delimiters by default
 let g:NERDCustomDelimiters = { 'c': { 'left': '/**','right': '*/' } } " Add your own custom formats or override the defaults
 let g:NERDCommentEmptyLines =  " Allow commenting and inverting empty lines (useful when commenting a region)
 let g:NERDTrimTrailingWhitespace =  " Enable trimming of trailing whitespace when uncommenting
 "===============================================================================================

• 手动安装

手动安装，当然是要自己一个一个地安装插件了。这种方式的特点是需要自己一个一下下载vim插件，然后手动进行安装。虽然比较费事，但如果之前有vim插件安装包的备份文件，那就可以不依赖于网络。所以还是推荐在自己的本地留一份常用插件的安装包备份。手动安装的过程比较简单，基本上就是“下载-解压”，先从网卡下载好插件的压缩包，一般来说直接解压到.vim目录中即可。

笔者常用的几个插件如下，一般都可以在github上找到，其实从上面的配置文件中就可以找到笔者使用了哪些vim插件。
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'tacahiroy/ctrlp-funky'
Plugin 'jlanzarotta/bufexplorer'
Plugin 'easymotion/vim-easymotion'
Plugin 'haya14busa/incsearch.vim'
Plugin 'dkprice/vim-easygrep'
Plugin 'dyng/ctrlsf.vim'
Plugin 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
Plugin 'hfts/Porsche'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/OmniCppComplete'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/AutoComplPop'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'

最后，附上笔者vim的两张截图：