Docker的部署安装(CentOS)

环境准备

操作系统需求

为兼容企业级应用，学习选用Centos7做为部署安装Docker的系统平台

# 通过以下命令可查看系统版本和内核版本等信息
cat /etc/redhat-release
#-----------------------------------
CentOS Linux release 7.4. (Core)
#-----------------------------------

uname -a
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linux docker01 3.10.-.el7.x86_64 # SMP Tue Aug  :: UTC  x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cat /etc/os-release
#------------------------------------------
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID=""
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION=""
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=""
#------------------------------------------

更换默认的yum源

Centos默认的yun源在国外，速度很慢有时间也无法访问

 

yum repolist
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
: curl# - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error"
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=extras&infra=stock error was
: curl# - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error"
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=updates&infra=stock error was
: curl# - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error"
repo id                                                         repo name                                                          status
base//x86_64                                                   CentOS- - Base
extras//x86_64                                                 CentOS- - Extras
updates//x86_64                                                CentOS- - Updates
repolist:
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 公司内服务器域名解析总有问题，时好时不好，很烦，这里直接用hosts做解析
vi /etc/hosts
#-------------------------------------
221.206.129.236  mirrors.aliyun.com
#-------------------------------------

# 更换成aliyun yum源
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

# 编译CentOS-Base.repo，把带mirrors.aliyuncs.com的行都删除
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# 运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache

# 查看已启用的repo，确保centos-extras repository是启用了，安装docker时需要
yum repolist
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                                  repo name                                                        status
base//x86_64                            CentOS- - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                             ,
extras//x86_64                          CentOS- - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
updates//x86_64                         CentOS- - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                          ,
repolist: ,
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

更新系统(可选)

yum update

删除docker旧版本

# 有旧版本的docker话，可以用下面命令删除
yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

安装 Docker CE

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.......
Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 :17.09..ce-.el7.centos                                                                                                                                    

Dependency Installed:
  audit-libs-python.x86_64 :2.7.-.el7
  checkpolicy.x86_64 :2.5-.el7
  container-selinux.noarch :2.28-.git85ce147.el7
  libcgroup.x86_64 :0.41-.el7
  libseccomp.x86_64 :2.3.-.el7
  libsemanage-python.x86_64 :2.5-.el7
  policycoreutils-python.x86_64 :2.5-17.1.el7
  python-IPy.noarch :0.75-.el7
  setools-libs.x86_64 :3.3.-1.1.el7
......
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

若需要安装指定的版本时，可参照以下命令

# 根据需要选择是否开启edge和test repositories
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-edge
yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-test
## 禁用命令
yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-edge

## 安装指定的版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed Packages
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09..ce-.el7.centos            @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03..ce-.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
Available Packages
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

yum install docker-ce-17.06..ce

启动docker

systemctl start docker

# 查看docker的版本信息
docker version
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Client:
 Version:      17.09.-ce       # 客户端版本
 API version:  1.32
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   19e2cf6
 Built:        Thu Dec   ::
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      17.09.-ce       # 服务端版本
 API version:  1.32 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   19e2cf6
 Built:        Thu Dec   ::
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 查看网络信息
ip addr
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen
    link/loopback ::::: brd :::::
    inet 127.0.0.1/ scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::/ scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu  qdisc mq state UP qlen
    link/ether :::ab:4c: brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.240.4.185/ brd 10.240.4.255 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80:::56ff:feab:4c50/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu  qdisc noqueue state DOWN  # docker0 虚拟网桥
    link/ether :::ac::bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/ scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80:::72ff:feac:5bf/ scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

systemctl list-unit-files | grep docker
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker.service                                disabled
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 设置成自启服务
systemctl enable docker.service

# 查看状态
systemctl status docker
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue -- :: CST; 13min ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID:  (dockerd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           ├─ /usr/bin/dockerd
           └─ docker-containerd -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libco...

Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:29.594209004+08:00" level=info msg="libcontainerd: new containerd process, pid: 23490"
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:30.596093094+08:00" level=warning msg="failed to rename /var/lib/docker/tmp for background deletio...chronously"
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:30.654014669+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:30.654714697+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:30.852920366+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17...IP address"
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:30.996504508+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:31.004149257+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=19e2cf6 graphdriver(s)=overlay version=17.09.-ce
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:31.004282017+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Dec  :: docker01 dockerd[]: time="2017-12-12T17:24:31.015479108+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Dec  :: docker01 systemd[]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

运行hello-world image验证docker安装是否成功

docker run hello-world
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be0cd392e45be79ffeffa6b05338b98ebb16c87b255f48e297ec7f98e123905c
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 . The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 . The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 . The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 . The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://cloud.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

升级和卸载docker

# 升级
yum -y upgrade docker-ce

# 卸载
yum remove docker-ce

# 删除Images, containers, volumes, or customized configuration files
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

使用阿里镜像加速器

使用阿里云专属加速器加快获取Docker官方镜像，否则在国内速度会慢到你无法忍受哒。步骤如下：

1. 免费注册一个阿里云账号 www.aliyun.com
2. 进入加速器页面 https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator
3. 选择镜像加速器
   

按图中进行相关配置

# 下面的xxxxx要替换成你的专属加速器的地址哦
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker