** MySQL主主+Keepalived

**MySQL+DRBD+Heartbeat

在企业中,数据库高可用一直是企业的重中之重,中小企业很多都是使用mysql主主方案,一主多从,读写分离等,但是单主存在单点故障,从库切换成主库需要作改动。因此,如果是双主或者多主,就会增加mysql入口,增加高可用。不过多主需要考虑自增长ID问题,这个需要特别设置配置文件,比如双主,可以使用奇偶,总之,主之间设置自增长ID相互不冲突就能完美解决自增长ID冲突问题。

主主方案实现思路

1、 两台mysql都可读写,互为主备。默认只使用一台masterA负责数据的写入,另一台masterB备用处于备用状态;

2、 masterA是masterB的主库,masterB又是masterA的主库,它们互为主从;

3、 两台主库之间做高可用,可以采用keepalived等方案,使用VIP对外提供服务;

4、所有提供服务的从服务器与masterB进行主从同步(双主多从);

5、建议采用高可用策略的时候,masterA或masterB均不因宕机恢复后而抢占VIP(非抢占模式);

这样做可以在一定程度上保证主库的高可用,在一台主库down掉之后,可以在极短的时间内切换到另一台主库上,尽可能减少主库宕机对业务造成的影响,减少了主从同步给生产主库带来的压力;

但是也有几个不足的地方:

  • masterB可能会一直处于空闲状态(可以用它当从库,负责部分查询);
  • 主库后面提供服务的从库要等masterB先同步完了数据后才能去masterB上去同步数据,这样可能会造成一定程度的同步延时;

设备两台MARIADB机器:

masterA:IP为192.168.200.124

masterB:IP为192.168.200.125

masterA:

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

[root@localhost ~]#systemc restart mariadb

1:修改主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id=
log-bin=mysql-binlog #打开二进制功能
log-slave-updates=true
max_binlog_size=1024M #binlog单文件最大值
auto_increment_offset =
auto_increment_increment = #奇数ID replicate-ignore-db = information_schema #忽略不同步主从的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql max_connections =
max_connect_errors = skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout= #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout= #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式 relay-log=relay-log-bin #开启中继日志
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.200.125' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-binlog.000001 | 911 | | |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2:测试环境,可以保证没数据写入。否则需要的步骤是:先masterA锁表-->masterA备份数据-->masterA解锁表 -->masterB导入数据-->masterB设置主从-->查看主从

MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.200.125',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-binlog.000004',master_log_pos=670;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

 
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.200.125
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 670
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 624
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,test,mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 670
Relay_Log_Space: 916
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: No query specified

masterB:

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

[root@localhost ~]#systemc restart mariadb

1:修改主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id       =
log-bin=mysql-binlog
log-slave-updates=true
max_binlog_size=1024M
auto_increment_offset =
auto_increment_increment = #偶数ID replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql max_connections =
max_connect_errors = skip-character-set-client-handshake
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
wait_timeout=
interactive_timeout=
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES relay-log=relay-log-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.200.124' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-binlog.000004 | 670 | | |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2:测试环境,可以保证没数据写入。否则需要的步骤是:先masterA锁表-->masterA备份数据-->masterA解锁表 -->masterB导入数据-->masterB设置主从-->查看主从

MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.200.111',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-binlog.000001',master_log_pos=911;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.200.124
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 911
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 624
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,test,mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 911
Relay_Log_Space: 916
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: No query specified

masterA测试:

MariaDB [(none)]> create database test01;

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| client |
| cmx |
| db_test |
| liuxiang |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| shiqi |
| shiqishou |
| shuifei |
| test01 |

| test02 |
| var |
| yg |
| yqx |
+--------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

masterB测试:

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cmx |
| db_test |
| liuxiang |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| shiqi |
| shiqishou |
| test01 |
| yqx |
+--------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database test02;

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cmx |
| db_test |
| liuxiang |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| shiqi |
| shiqishou |
| test01 |

| test02 |
| yqx |

MYSQL主主高可用方案:

masterA:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

   router_id LVS_MASTER-A

}

vrrp_script mysql {                      

    script "/opt/mysql.sh"

    interval 

    weight -                 

    fall                  

    rise 

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface ens33

    virtual_router_id 

priority 

nopreempt

    advert_int 

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 

    }

    track_script {

        mysql

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.200.254

    }

}

[root@localhost ~]# vim /opt/mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash

counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep ""|wc -l)

if [ "${counter}" -eq  ]; then

    systemctl stop keepalived

fi

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /opt/mysql.sh

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start keepalived

[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

inet 192.168.200.124/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens33

inet 192.168.200.254/32 scope global ens33

masterB:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

   router_id LVS_MASTER-B

}

vrrp_script mysql {

    script "/opt/mysql.sh"

    interval 

    weight -                 

    fall                  

    rise 

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface ens33

    virtual_router_id 

    priority 

    advert_int 

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 

    }

    track_script {

        mysql

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.200.254

    }

}

[root@localhost ~]# vim /opt/mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash

counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep ""|wc -l)

if [ "${counter}" -eq  ]; then

    systemctl stop keepalived

fi

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /opt/mysql.sh

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start keepalived

[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

inet 192.168.200.125/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens33

inet 192.168.200.254/32 scope global ens33

测试VIP的漂移:

masterA:

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

inet 192.168.200.124/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens33

masterB:

[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ens33

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

inet 192.168.200.125/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens33

inet 192.168.200.254/32 scope global ens33

远程客户端测试:

mysql服务器授权

[root@localhost ~]#systemctl start mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';             #授权200网段的客户机通过密码登入mysql

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;                                                                                            #刷新授权列表

通过vip登陆测试:masterA与masterB都需要关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.200.254                                             #通过授权用户及密码登录Mysql

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 5796

Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

| test01             |

| test02             |

+--------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MTSQL主主同步方案的更多相关文章

  1. MySQL高可用(一)主备同步:MySQL是如何保证主备一致的

    主备同步,也叫主从复制,是MySQL提供的一种高可用的解决方案,保证主备数据一致性的解决方案. 在生产环境中,会有很多不可控因素,例如数据库服务挂了.为了保证应用的高可用,数据库也必须要是高可用的. ...

  2. MySQL双主(主主)架构方案

    在企业中,数据库高可用一直是企业的重中之重,中小企业很多都是使用mysql主从方案,一主多从,读写分离等,但是单主存在单点故障,从库切换成主库需要作改动.因此,如果是双主或者多主,就会增加mysql入 ...

  3. MySQL 主主同步配置和主从配置步骤

    ★预备知识 : 1.双机热备 对于双机热备这一概念,我搜索了很多资料,最后,还是按照大多数资料所讲分成广义与狭义两种意义来说. 从广义上讲,就是对于重要的服务,使用两台服务器,互相备份,共同执行同一服 ...

  4. 搭建MySQL的主从、半同步、主主复制架构

    复制其最终目的是让一台服务器的数据和另外的服务器的数据保持同步,已达到数据冗余或者服务的负载均衡.一台主服务器可以连接多台从服务器,并且从服务器也可以反过来作为主服务器.主从服务器可以位于不同的网络拓 ...

  5. mysql高可用架构方案之中的一个(keepalived+主主双活)

    Mysql双主双活+keepalived实现高可用           文件夹 1.前言... 4 2.方案... 4 2.1.环境及软件... 4 2.2.IP规划... 4 2.3.架构图... ...

  6. mysql主主同步

    Mysql 主主同步方案 第一台机器主 [root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-binlog log-s ...

  7. mysql数据库负载均衡高可用之主从、主主备份,实时同步

    一:MySQL Replication 什么是MySQL Replication Replication可以实现将数据从一台数据库服务器(master)复制到一或多台数据库服务器(slave) 默认情 ...

  8. 4.MySQL 主主(m-m) 同步生产库标准同步操作实施流程

    通过MySQL参数配置使用主主前提: 1.表的主键自增. ################################################################# #m1-m ...

  9. MySQL数据的主从复制、半同步复制和主主复制详解

    一.MySQL复制概述 ⑴.MySQL数据的复制的基本介绍 目前MySQL数据库已经占去数据库市场上很大的份额,其一是由于MySQL数据的开源性和高性能,当然还有重要的一条就是免费~不过不知道还能免费 ...

随机推荐

  1. [BJOI2012]连连看

    Description Luogu4134 Solution \(l,r \le 1000\),暴力枚举是否能匹配.这是一个选匹配的问题,所以直接网络流,原图不一定是二分图咋办?拆点啊!然后直接做就行 ...

  2. ajax中的参数

    function login() { $.ajax({ //几个参数需要注意一下 type: "POST",//方法类型 dataType: "json",// ...

  3. ES6新的数据类型 generato,在AJAX中的应用

    1.next()方法会执行generator的代码,然后,每次遇到yield x;就返回一个对象{value: x, done: true/false},然后“暂停”.返回的value就是yield的 ...

  4. Flask 教程 第十八章:Heroku上的部署

    本文翻译自The Flask Mega-Tutorial Part XVIII: Deployment on Heroku 这是Flask Mega-Tutorial系列的第十八部分,我将在其中部署M ...

  5. Java输入输出挂

    import java.util.Comparator; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import ja ...

  6. AcWing 871. 约数之和

    #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <unordered_map> #include <vec ...

  7. Go函数高级

    1. 函数的数据类型 package main import "fmt" func main() { /* go语言的数据类型: 基本数据类型: int,float,bool,st ...

  8. ALSA lib基本概念

    1.channel 通道,即我们熟知的声道数.左/右声道,5.1channel等等 2.sample A sample is a single value that describes the amp ...

  9. power-plan如何定

    Power-Plan或者说PG如何打,这是一个仁者见仁智者见智的问题,没有一个标准的答案,因为有各种各样的影响因素.本文将列举一些可能的影响因素: 1.和design  相关 1) Utilizati ...

  10. bootstrap创建带遮罩层的进度条

    <div class="modal fade" id="loadingModal"> <div style="width: 200p ...