006.kubernets之Deployment简单部署
一 Deployment相对于RC的优势
RS与Deployment主要用于替代RC。RS的全称为Replica Set。相对于RC，RS与Deployment的优势如下：
- RC只支持基于等式的selector，如env=dev或者environment!=qa。但在RS中，还支持新的基于集合的selector，如version in (v1.0,v2.0)或者env not in (dev,qa)。这给复杂的运维管理带来方便
- 使用Deployment升级Pod只需要定义Pod的最终状态，k8s会为你执行必要的操作。虽然使用kubectl rolling-update也可以完成滚动升级，但它是在客户端与服务端多次交互控制RC完成的，所以REST API中并没有rolling-update的接口，这为定制自己的管理系统带来了一些麻烦。Deployment拥有更加灵活的升级、回滚功能。
Replica Set目前与RC的区别只是支持的selector不同，后续会加入更多的功能。Deployment使用了Replica Set，是更高一层的概念。除非需要自定义升级功能或者根本不需要升级Pod，否则还是建议使用Deployment而不直接使用Replica Set。
二 Deployment是简单使用
2.1 同时安装三个nginx pod
[root@docker-server1 manifests]# cd /yamls/
[root@docker-server1 yamls]# mkdir deployment
[root@docker-server1 yamls]# cd deployment
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: hello-deployment
namespace: default
spec:
replicas:
selector:
matchLabels:
name: hello-deployment
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: %
maxUnavailable:
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: hello-deployment
spec:
containers:
- name: webserver
image: nginx:1.4
ports:
- containerPort:
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
2.2 查看
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
goproxy / Running 126m
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-9g5pq / ErrImagePull 11s
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-qnnld / ErrImagePull 11s
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-v549m / ErrImagePull 11s
init-demo / Running 68m
nginx / Running 4h13m
nginx-volume / Running 88m
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
goproxy / Running 126m 10.244.1.8 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-9g5pq / ImagePullBackOff 21s 10.244.2.11 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-qnnld / ImagePullBackOff 21s 10.244.1.12 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-v549m / ImagePullBackOff 21s 10.244.1.13 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
init-demo / Running 68m 10.244.1.10 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
nginx / Running 4h14m 10.244.2.10 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
nginx-volume / Running 89m 10.244.1.9 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl describle pods hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-v549m
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled <unknown> default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-v549m to 192.168.132.132
Normal Pulling 4m36s (x4 over 6m20s) kubelet, 192.168.132.132 Pulling image "nginx:1.4"
Warning Failed 4m32s (x4 over 6m12s) kubelet, 192.168.132.132 Failed to pull image "nginx:1.4": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for nginx:1.4 not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown
Warning Failed 4m32s (x4 over 6m12s) kubelet, 192.168.132.132 Error: ErrImagePull
Warning Failed 4m8s (x7 over 6m11s) kubelet, 192.168.132.132 Error: ImagePullBackOff
Normal BackOff 74s (x19 over 6m11s) kubelet, 192.168.132.132 Back-off pulling image "nginx:1.4"
是nginx:1.4没有这个镜像
2.3 滚动更新
修改为1.14版本，就会自己更新
滚动更新策略
1 先删后起
2 先起后删
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-jvvjr / ContainerCreating 0 4s <none> 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-9g5pq / ImagePullBackOff 8m15s 10.244.2.11 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-qnnld / ImagePullBackOff 8m15s 10.244.1.12 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-v549m / ImagePullBackOff 8m15s 10.244.1.13 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-7ct2z / ContainerCreating 9s <none> 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-jvvjr / Running 34s 10.244.1.14 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-9g5pq / ImagePullBackOff 8m45s 10.244.2.11 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-c6fb6d858-qnnld / ImagePullBackOff 8m45s 10.244.1.12 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
已经运行成功更新一个
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-7ct2z / Running 118s 10.244.2.12 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-jvvjr / Running 2m23s 10.244.1.14 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-qfjht / Running 90s 10.244.1.15 192.168.132.132 <none> <none
全部更新
二 部署一个word press网站
2.1 部署mysql
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# vim mysql-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql
namespace: default
spec:
replicas:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
ports:
- containerPort:
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: RedHat123
- name: MYSQL_DATABASE
value: wordpress
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl apply -f mysql-deployment.yaml
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods
mysql-5d4695cd5-kq9cl 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 8s
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# yum -y install mysql
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
goproxy 1/1 Running 0 149m
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-7ct2z 1/1 Running 0 15m
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-jvvjr 1/1 Running 0 15m
hello-deployment-5fdb46d67c-qfjht 1/1 Running 0 14m
init-demo 1/1 Running 0 92m
mysql-5d4695cd5-kq9cl 1/1 Running 0 102s
nginx 2/2 Running 4 4h37m
nginx-volume 1/1 Running 0 112m
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
mysql-5d4695cd5-kq9cl / Running 3m22s 10.244.1.16 192.168.132.132
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# mysql -uroot -pRedHat123 -h10.244.1.16
2.2 部署wordpress
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# vi wordpress-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: wordpress
namespace: default
spec:
replicas:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: wordpress
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: wordpress
spec:
nodeName: 192.168.1.233
containers:
- name: wordpress
image: wordpress:5.3.-php7.-apache
ports:
- containerPort:
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
value: RedHat123
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
value: wordpress
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
value: 10.244.1.16
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
value: root
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment.yaml
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
goproxy / Running 164m 10.244.1.8 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
init-demo / Running 106m 10.244.1.10 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
mysql-5d4695cd5-kq9cl / Running 16m 10.244.1.16 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
nginx / Running 4h51m 10.244.2.10 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
nginx-volume / Running 127m 10.244.1.9 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
wordpress-86cbfc4456-zp985 / ContainerCreating 2s <none> 192.168.132.131 <none> <none>
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl describe pods wordpress-86cbfc4456-zp985
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Pulling 3m5s kubelet, 192.168.132.131 Pulling image "wordpress:5.3.2-php7.2-apache"
Normal Pulled 97s kubelet, 192.168.132.131 Successfully pulled image "wordpress:5.3.2-php7.2-apache"
Normal Created 94s kubelet, 192.168.132.131 Created container wordpress
Normal Started 94s kubelet, 192.168.132.131 Started container wordpress
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
goproxy / Running 167m 10.244.1.8 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
init-demo / Running 109m 10.244.1.10 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
mysql-5d4695cd5-kq9cl / Running 19m 10.244.1.16 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
nginx / Running 4h55m 10.244.2.10 192.168.132.133 <none> <none>
nginx-volume / Running 130m 10.244.1.9 192.168.132.132 <none> <none>
wordpress-86cbfc4456-zp985 / Running 3m9s 10.244.0.4 192.168.132.131 <none> <none>
2.3 service资源对象创建MySQL的转发
负载均衡器对象，通过创建 service资源对象，会在ku即e- proxy上为这一类资源创建一个負载均衡器，并为其生成一个集群内部可访问的不变的VIP
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# mkdir /yamls/svcs
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# cd /yamls/svcs
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# vi mysql-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql-svc
spec:
selector: #匹配label
app: mysql
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 3306
targetPort:
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl apply -f mysql-svc.yaml
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 10h
mysql-svc ClusterIP 10.96.240.104 <none> /TCP 18s
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# cat mysql-svc.yam
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql-svc
spec:
selector:
app: mysql
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: 10.96.240.104
ports:
- port:
targetPort:
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl delete -f mysql-svc.yaml
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl apply -f mysql-svc.yaml
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 10h
mysql-svc ClusterIP 10.96.240.104 <none> /TCP 7s
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# mysql -uroot -pRedHat123 -h10.96.240.104
在这里连接很慢
[root@docker-server1 deployment]# kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 11h
default mysql-svc ClusterIP 10.96.240.104 <none> /TCP 9m37s
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> /UDP,/TCP,/TCP 11h
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.96.93.119 <none> /TCP 10h
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.87.98 <none> :/TCP 10h
2.4 修改wordspress
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: wordpress
namespace: default
spec:
replicas:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: wordpress
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: wordpress
spec:
nodeName: 192.168.132.131
containers:
- name: wordpress
image: wordpress:5.3.-php7.-apache
ports:
- containerPort:
env:
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
value: RedHat123
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
value: wordpress
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
value: 10.96.240.104 #修改这个IP，为serviceIP
- name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
value: root
2.5 外部访问wordpress
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# vi wordpress-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: wordpress
spec:
selector:
app: wordpress
type: NodePort #为node节点配置端口映射
ports:
- port:
targetPort:
nodePort:
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl apply -f wordpress-svc.yaml
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> /TCP 11h
mysql-svc ClusterIP 10.96.240.104 <none> /TCP 16m
wordpress NodePort 10.96.72.115 <none> :/TCP 2s
[root@docker-server1 svcs]# netstat -ntlp|grep 32080
2.6 查看详细信息
[root@docker-server1 ~]# kubectl describe svc mysql-svc
Name: mysql-svc
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=mysql
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.96.240.104
Port: <unset> /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.22:
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@docker-server1 ~]# kubectl describe svc wordpress
Name: wordpress
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Service","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"wordpress","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"ports":[{"nodePort":...
Selector: app=wordpress
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.96.72.115
Port: <unset> /TCP
TargetPort: /TCP
NodePort: <unset> /TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.0.6:
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>
2.7 查看iptables
[root@docker-server1 ~]# iptables -t nat -L|grep 32080
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- anywhere anywhere /* default/wordpress: */ tcp dpt:
KUBE-SVC-2T26TNVTRAU2MSW5 tcp -- anywhere anywhere /* default/wordpress: */ tcp dpt:
[root@docker-server1 ~]# iptables -t nat -L
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.240.104 /* default/mysql-svc: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:mysql
KUBE-SVC-USVAXDL4J4VMVCQU tcp -- anywhere 10.96.240.104 /* default/mysql-svc: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:mysql
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.72.115 /* default/wordpress: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:http
KUBE-SVC-2T26TNVTRAU2MSW5 tcp -- anywhere 10.96.72.115 /* default/wordpress: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:http
KUBE-MARK-MASQ udp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:dns cluster IP */ udp dpt:domain
KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU udp -- anywhere 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:dns cluster IP */ udp dpt:domain
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp cluster IP */ tcp dpt:domain
KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4 tcp -- anywhere 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp cluster IP */ tcp dpt:domain
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:metrics cluster IP */ tcp dpt:
KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP tcp -- anywhere 10.96.0.10 /* kube-system/kube-dns:metrics cluster IP */ tcp dpt:
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.93.119 /* kubernetes-dashboard/dashboard-metrics-scraper: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:irdmi
KUBE-SVC-NDSMHFCKXJRPU4FV tcp -- anywhere 10.96.93.119 /* kubernetes-dashboard/dashboard-metrics-scraper: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:irdmi
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.87.98 /* kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:https
KUBE-SVC-4CRUJHTV5RT5YMFY tcp -- anywhere 10.96.87.98 /* kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard: cluster IP */ tcp dpt:https
KUBE-MARK-MASQ tcp -- !docker-server1/ 10.96.0.1 /* default/kubernetes:https cluster IP */ tcp dpt:https
2.8 外部配置wordpress
访问：http://192.168.132.131:32080
选择简体中文
配置邮件
登录
输入用户名密码
最终界面
配置完成
博主声明：本文的内容来源主要来自誉天教育晏威老师，由本人实验完成操作验证，需要的博友请联系誉天教育（http://www.yutianedu.com/），获得官方同意或者晏老师（https://www.cnblogs.com/breezey/）本人同意即可转载，谢谢！
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