在RockyLinux 9.3环境中采用RPM模式部署Oracle 19C

用途

在开发数据库系统时，可以验证功能是否与Oracle的表现一致，验证正确性和兼容性

限制

虚拟机安装，CPU 2*4 内存16G 磁盘100G
目标生产环境是RHEL 9.X，学习环境采用Rocky Linux 9.3
选择Oracle版本是长期支持版19C
只验证基础的功能，可以禁用CDB PDB
安装的Oracle只需要功能验证不用于生产环境，也不进行性能测试

查找资料

bing上查找资料，一般找到的安装Oracle的资料是CentOS 7.x,8.x，而9.x的比较少，找到：
- 基于RHEL9,ORACLE LINUX 9安装Oracle 19c 数据库
  
  可惜文中表示安装Oracle时需要安装库补丁，流程还是比较麻烦
- linux安装oracle19c完整版(图形+静默安装) 系统参数都是手工设置和通过界面设置，可以参考
直接查找官方文档
- Oracle Database Installation Guide 19c for Linux
  
  发现最新的19C没有要求安装补丁，并且支持RPM方式安装，过程非常简洁，尝试成功后总结，供大家参考。

准备环境

安装虚拟机的过程不再赘述，安装后需要做的准备工作如下：

关闭防火墙

#检查防火墙状态

systemctl status firewalld.service

#关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

#禁止开机启动防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service

关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

编辑内容：

#SELINUX=enforcing  #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled  #增加

存盘退出，下次重新启动后生效。如果想使配置立即生效，执行：

setenforce 0

配置域名

采用修改/etc/hostname的方式，重启后生效

vi /etc/hostname

oracle19c.learning.cn

配置域名解析

vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.154.19 oracle19c oracle19c.learning.cn

配置软件源

事先将rocky linux 9.3的ISO mount到/mnt/rocky9/

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky.repo

[baseos]

name=Rocky Linux $releasever - BaseOS

baseurl=file:///mnt/rocky9/BaseOS/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

countme=1

metadata_expire=6h

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9

[appstream]

name=Rocky Linux $releasever - AppStream

baseurl=file:///mnt/rocky9/AppStream/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

countme=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9

准备Oracle RPM

预安装RPM：

访问Oracle Linux 9的软件源，如x86对应的是: https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL9/appstream/x86_64/，

找到对应Oracle 19c的预安装版本，如 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm，下载该预安装rpm
Oracle 19C:

访问 Oracle下载页找到最新的19C版本，如

oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm,然后下载到本地

Linux共享Windows目录

为了节省Linux的磁盘空间，直接在Linux中访问Windows下载的rpm

在Windows中共享保存rpm的文件夹，如名称为//192.168.154.1/Oracle
在Linux中链接Windows的共享

mkdir -p /mnt/oracle

mount -t cifs -o username=xxxx,password=yyyy //192.168.154.1/Oracle /mnt/oracle

请把"xxxx","yyyy"换成实际的用户名和密码

部署Oracle预安装RPM包

按官方文档，安装 Preinstallation RPM时会：

解析Oracle Grid Infrastructure和Oracle Database所需的依赖项,并自动下载和安装对应的RPM包
创建oracle用户，将其加入新创建的oraInventory (oinstall)和 OSDBA (dba)组中
按Oracle数据库预安装RPM程序的建议设置sysctl.conf、系统启动参数和驱动程序参数
设置硬和软资源限制 Linux进程资源访问限制
根据内核版本设置其他推荐参数
在Linux x86_64和Linux aarch64机器的内核中设置numa=off

dnf install -y /mnt/oracle/19c/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:14 ago on Wed 17 Apr 2024 12:02:20 PM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

======================================================================================================

 Package                              Architecture  Version                  Repository          Size

======================================================================================================

Installing:

 oracle-database-preinstall-19c       x86_64        1.0-1.el9                @commandline        33 k

Installing dependencies:

 chkconfig                            x86_64        1.24-1.el9               baseos             161 k

 gssproxy                             x86_64        0.8.4-6.el9              baseos             108 k

 initscripts                          x86_64        10.11.5-1.el9            baseos             210 k

 keyutils                             x86_64        1.6.3-1.el9              baseos              72 k

 ksh                                  x86_64        3:1.0.0~beta.1-3.el9     appstream          879 k

 libXxf86dga                          x86_64        1.1.5-8.el9              appstream           20 k

 libaio-devel                         x86_64        0.3.111-13.el9           appstream           10 k

 libdmx                               x86_64        1.1.4-12.el9             appstream           16 k

 libev                                x86_64        4.33-5.el9               baseos              52 k

 libnfsidmap                          x86_64        1:2.5.4-20.el9           baseos              60 k

 libnsl                               x86_64        2.34-83.el9.7            baseos              77 k

 libverto-libev                       x86_64        0.3.2-3.el9              baseos              13 k

 nfs-utils                            x86_64        1:2.5.4-20.el9           baseos             425 k

 rpcbind                              x86_64        1.2.6-5.el9              baseos              56 k

 sssd-nfs-idmap                       x86_64        2.9.1-4.el9_3            baseos              42 k

 xorg-x11-utils                       x86_64        7.5-40.el9               appstream          106 k

 xorg-x11-xauth                       x86_64        1:1.1-10.el9             appstream           36 k

Transaction Summary

======================================================================================================

Install  18 Packages

Total size: 2.3 M

Installed size: 7.5 M

Downloading Packages:

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

  Preparing        :                                                            1/1

  Installing       : libnfsidmap-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                         1/18

  Installing       : ksh-3:1.0.0~beta.1-3.el9.x86_64                           2/18

  Running scriptlet: ksh-3:1.0.0~beta.1-3.el9.x86_64                           2/18

  Installing       : libdmx-1.1.4-12.el9.x86_64                                3/18

  Installing       : libXxf86dga-1.1.5-8.el9.x86_64                            4/18

  Installing       : xorg-x11-utils-7.5-40.el9.x86_64                          5/18

  Installing       : xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-10.el9.x86_64                        6/18

  Installing       : libaio-devel-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64                        7/18

  Installing       : libnsl-2.34-83.el9.7.x86_64                               8/18

  Installing       : keyutils-1.6.3-1.el9.x86_64                               9/18

  Installing       : libev-4.33-5.el9.x86_64                                  10/18

  Installing       : libverto-libev-0.3.2-3.el9.x86_64                        11/18

  Installing       : gssproxy-0.8.4-6.el9.x86_64                              12/18

  Running scriptlet: gssproxy-0.8.4-6.el9.x86_64                              12/18

  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.6-5.el9.x86_64                               13/18

  Installing       : rpcbind-1.2.6-5.el9.x86_64                               13/18

  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.6-5.el9.x86_64                               13/18

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rpcbind.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/rpcbind.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.socket.

  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                          14/18

  Installing       : nfs-utils-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                          14/18

  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                          14/18

  Installing       : chkconfig-1.24-1.el9.x86_64                              15/18

  Installing       : initscripts-10.11.5-1.el9.x86_64                         16/18

  Running scriptlet: initscripts-10.11.5-1.el9.x86_64                         16/18

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/import-state.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/import-state.service.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/loadmodules.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/loadmodules.service.

  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64          17/18

  Installing       : oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64          17/18

  Installing       : sssd-nfs-idmap-2.9.1-4.el9_3.x86_64                      18/18

  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64          18/18

  Running scriptlet: sssd-nfs-idmap-2.9.1-4.el9_3.x86_64                      18/18

  Verifying        : chkconfig-1.24-1.el9.x86_64                               1/18

  Verifying        : libverto-libev-0.3.2-3.el9.x86_64                         2/18

  Verifying        : initscripts-10.11.5-1.el9.x86_64                          3/18

  Verifying        : rpcbind-1.2.6-5.el9.x86_64                                4/18

  Verifying        : libev-4.33-5.el9.x86_64                                   5/18

  Verifying        : sssd-nfs-idmap-2.9.1-4.el9_3.x86_64                       6/18

  Verifying        : gssproxy-0.8.4-6.el9.x86_64                               7/18

  Verifying        : nfs-utils-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                           8/18

  Verifying        : libnfsidmap-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64                         9/18

  Verifying        : keyutils-1.6.3-1.el9.x86_64                              10/18

  Verifying        : libnsl-2.34-83.el9.7.x86_64                              11/18

  Verifying        : libaio-devel-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64                       12/18

  Verifying        : xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-10.el9.x86_64                       13/18

  Verifying        : xorg-x11-utils-7.5-40.el9.x86_64                         14/18

  Verifying        : libXxf86dga-1.1.5-8.el9.x86_64                           15/18

  Verifying        : libdmx-1.1.4-12.el9.x86_64                               16/18

  Verifying        : ksh-3:1.0.0~beta.1-3.el9.x86_64                          17/18

  Verifying        : oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64          18/18 

Installed:

  chkconfig-1.24-1.el9.x86_64          gssproxy-0.8.4-6.el9.x86_64          initscripts-10.11.5-1.el9.x86_64

  keyutils-1.6.3-1.el9.x86_64          ksh-3:1.0.0~beta.1-3.el9.x86_64      libXxf86dga-1.1.5-8.el9.x86_64

  libaio-devel-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64   libdmx-1.1.4-12.el9.x86_64           libev-4.33-5.el9.x86_64

  libnfsidmap-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64    libnsl-2.34-83.el9.7.x86_64          libverto-libev-0.3.2-3.el9.x86_64

  nfs-utils-1:2.5.4-20.el9.x86_64      oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64

  rpcbind-1.2.6-5.el9.x86_64           sssd-nfs-idmap-2.9.1-4.el9_3.x86_64

  xorg-x11-utils-7.5-40.el9.x86_64     xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-10.el9.x86_64                 

Complete!

注意：安装完成后重新启动系统，确认所有的系统参数已经应用

验证预安装RPM的工作成果（不是强迫症无需关注这一部分）

检查依赖项，执行命令

dnf repoquery --requires oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

/bin/sh

/etc/redhat-release

/usr/bin/bash

bc

bind-utils

binutils

ethtool

glibc

glibc-devel

initscripts

ksh

libaio

libaio-devel

libgcc

libnsl

libstdc++

libstdc++-devel

make

module-init-tools

net-tools

nfs-utils

openssh-clients

pam

policycoreutils

policycoreutils-python-utils

procps

psmisc

smartmontools

sysstat

tar

unzip

util-linux-ng

xorg-x11-utils

xorg-x11-xauth

显示所有的依赖项，说明在部署预安装RPM过程中，检查3个文件和31个rpm的依赖关系

检查系统配置/etc/sysctl.conf 增加了内容

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for fs.file-max is 6815744

fs.file-max = 6815744

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128'

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64

kernel.shmall = 1073741824

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is 1 per Orabug 19212317

kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

注: 原文件备份在/etc/sysctl.d/99-initial-sysctl.conf

检查系统配置/etc/sysconfig/network 增加了内容

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

# Created by anaconda

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c : Add NOZEROCONF=yes

NOZEROCONF=yes

检查进程资源配置

cat /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nofile soft limit is 1024

oracle   soft   nofile    1024

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nofile hard limit is 65536

oracle   hard   nofile    65536

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nproc soft limit is 16384

# refer orabug15971421 for more info.

oracle   soft   nproc    16384

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for nproc hard limit is 16384

oracle   hard   nproc    16384

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB

oracle   soft   stack    10240

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB

oracle   hard   stack    32768

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for memlock hard limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90 % of RAM

oracle   hard   memlock    134217728

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for memlock soft limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90% of RAM

oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for data soft limit is 'unlimited'

oracle   soft   data    unlimited

# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for data hard limit is 'unlimited'

oracle   hard   data    unlimited

检查进启动配置的变化

diff /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub2/grub.cfg-oracle-database-preinstall-19c.orabackup

设置“numa=off transparent_hugepage=never”关闭了透明大页和numa

<   set kernelopts="root=/dev/mapper/rl-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/rl-swap rd.lvm.lv=rl/root rd.lvm.lv=rl/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never "

---

>   set kernelopts="root=/dev/mapper/rl-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/rl-swap rd.lvm.lv=rl/root rd.lvm.lv=rl/swap rhgb quiet "

注意：修改了内核参数，需要重新启动

验证创建用户和用户组

groups oracle

oracle : oinstall dba oper backupdba dgdba kmdba racdba

id oracle

uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)

从结果可见oracle属于7个组

验证透明大页是否关闭

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

always defer defer+madvise [madvise] never

也可以查看安装日志

cat /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/results/orakernel.log

安装Oracle RPM

dnf install -y /mnt/oracle/19c/oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:44 ago on Wed 17 Apr 2024 12:02:20 PM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

==========================================================================================================

 Package                                            Architecture      Version       Repository       Size

==========================================================================================================

Installing:

 oracle-database-ee-19c                             x86_64            1.0-1         @commandline    2.5 G

Transaction Summary

==========================================================================================================

Install  1 Package

Total size: 2.5 G

Installed size: 6.9 G

Downloading Packages:

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

  Preparing        :                                                                                  1/1

  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                              1/1

  Installing       : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                              1/1

  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                              1/1

[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...

[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.

To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

  Verifying        : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                             1/1 

Installed:

  oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                    

Complete!

禁用CDB

vi /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c

...

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_VERSION=19c

export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc

export CHARSET=AL32UTF8

export PDB_NAME=ORCLPDB1

export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER

export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=1

export CREATE_AS_CDB=true

修改为

export CREATE_AS_CDB=false

初始化数据库

[root@oracle19c ansible]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.

Prepare for db operation

10% complete

Copying database files

40% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

42% complete

46% complete

50% complete

54% complete

60% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

Executing Post Configuration Actions

100% complete

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:ORCLCDB

System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB

Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.

Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

可以查看详细一点儿的日志（输出了时间）

cat /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log

本次初始化耗时6分钟，对比没有禁用CDB的一次实验，初始化耗时15分钟

修改oracle用户的环境变量

su - oracle

vi .bashrc

# 在原文件最后增加

umask 022

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_1

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

小技巧：修改.bashrc 而不是.bash_profile的原因是可以支持非登录模式执行shell

验证基本功能

返回root重新以oracle用户执行

su - oracle

[oracle@oracle19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 18 17:23:03 2024

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> create table t1(a int primary key,b varchar(16));

Table created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(100,'beijing');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(200,'天津');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from t1 order by a desc;

         A B

---------- ----------------

       200 天津

       100 beijing

重新启动系统后，发现服务不会自动重启

采用RPM安装并没有设置自动重新启动Oracle的服务，运行 sqlplus / as sysdba 执行简单SQL报错，信息如下：

[oracle@oracle19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 18 22:59:25 2024

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> select * from t1 ;

select * from t1

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

Process ID: 0

Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

所以要手工增加自动重启的服务，此处主要参考ORACLE 19C 在centos 7的本地rpm包安装及调试，个别地方稍作修正

设置公共环境变量文件

vi /etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

创建监听服务

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/ORCLCDB@lsnrctl.service

[Unit]

Description=Oracle Net Listener

After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]

Type=forking

EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb

ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start

ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl stop

User=oracle

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

创建服务启动服务

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/ORCLCDB@oracledb.service

[Unit]

Description=Oracle Database service

After=syslog.target network.target lsnrctl.service

[Service]

Type=forking

EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb

ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME

User=oracle

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置启动

vi /etc/oratab

...

#ORCLCDB:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1:N

#将此处原来的N修改为Y

ORCLCDB:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1:Y

激活服务

systemctl enable ORCLCDB@lsnrctl

systemctl enable ORCLCDB@oracledb
小技巧，先不忙着启动系统，先手工启动服务进行验证

systemctl start ORCLCDB@lsnrctl

systemctl start ORCLCDB@oracledb

如果有错误信息，则通过 systemctl status ORCLCDB@lsnrctl 分析问题

重启后检验服务状态

[root@oracle19c ansible]# netstat -tunlp | grep -E '1521|5500'

tcp6       0      0 :::5500                 :::*                    LISTEN      1090/tnslsnr

tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      1090/tnslsnr

[root@oracle19c ansible]# su - oracle

[oracle@oracle19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 18 23:21:52 2024

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select * from t2 ;

         A B

---------- ----------------

       100 beijing

       200 天津

总结

本文的内容主要来自网络，但是经过了本人多次的验证和整理，剔除了一些不必要的环节，也为大家跳过了一些坑。如果有不足之处，请不吝指正，我一定及时修改更新。

1、RPM安装的限制

仅用于安装 Oracle 数据库软件，RAC不能这样安装，并且扣除preinstallation，安装rpm的难度与静默安装相当。
RPM 只能用于安装软件，而不能用于更新软件
无法控制软件安装的目录，即不一定能满足企业安装规范的目录约束
推荐仅用于实验环境，不要用于生产环境

2、一些坑（网上个别文档有些笔误）

19C 缺省在/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c 设置了字符集为AL32UTF8，无需在其他地方设置服务器字符集
/etc/hosts 一定要设置正确，但是无需删除127.0.0.1，::1 那两行
预安装RPM准备的内容见“验证预安装RPM的工作成果”部分，这些工作都不需要手工执行