TED--10 ways to have a better conversation
10 ways to have a better conversation
All right, I want to see a show of hands: how many of you have unfriended someone on Facebook because they said something offensive about politics or religion, childcare, food?
好的,我想让大家举手示意一下, 有多少人曾经 在 Facebook 上拉黑过好友, 因为他们发表过关于政治、宗教、 儿童权益,或者食物等 不恰当的言论?
(1)a show of hands 举手表决,举手
(2)unfriend v【网】解除好友关系;删除好友;解除关系
(3)offensive [ə'fensɪv]n侵犯 adj 冒犯的;得罪人的;无礼的;
(4)childcare [ˈtʃaɪldˌkeə(r)] n 儿童托管
And how many of you know at least one person that you avoid because you just don't want to talk to them?
有多少人至少有一个不想见的人, 因为你就是不想和对方说话?
You know, it used to be that in order to have a polite conversation, we just had to follow the advice of Henry Higgins in "My Fair Lady": Stick to the weather and your health. But these days, with climate change and anti-vaxxing, those subjects are not safe either. So this world that we live in, this world in which every conversation has the potential to devolve into an argument, where our politicians can't speak to one another and where even the most trivial of issues have someone fighting both passionately for it and against it, it's not normal. Pew Research did a study of 10,000 American adults, and they found that at this moment, we are more polarized, we are more divided, than we ever have been in history. We're less likely to compromise, which means we're not listening to each other. And we make decisions about where to live, who to marry and even who our friends are going to be, based on what we already believe. Again, that means we're not listening to each other. A conversation requires a balance between talking and listening, and somewhere along the way, we lost that balance.
你知道,过去为了进行礼貌的对话,我们只需要遵循《窈窕淑女》中亨利·希金斯的建议:谈天气和健康。但是现在,随着气候变化和反疫苗运动,这些主题也不安全了。所以我们生活在的这个世界,每一次对话都有可能演变成争吵,我们的政治家们无法相互交流,即使是最琐碎的问题也有人激烈地支持和反对。这不是正常的。皮尤研究中心对1万名美国成年人进行了一项研究,他们发现在此时此刻,我们比历史上任何时候都更加极端化、更加分裂。我们不太可能妥协,这意味着我们不听取彼此的意见。我们决定居住在哪里、嫁给谁甚至选择什么样的朋友,都是基于我们已经相信的东西。同样,这意味着我们不听取彼此的意见。对话需要讲话和倾听之间的平衡,在某个时候,我们失去了这种平衡。
(1)polite [pə'laɪt] adj 有礼貌的;客气的;
(2)Stick to【网】忠于
(3)potential [pə'tenʃ(ə)l] adj 潜在的;可能的
(4)devolve into【网】发展成为 devolve [dɪˈvɒlv] v 移交;移归;
(5) politician [ˌpɒləˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n 政治家;政客;
(6) trivial ['trɪviəl] adj 不重要的;琐碎的
(7) issue [ˈɪʃuː] n 问题,争论点
(8)passionately ['pæʃənətlɪ] adv 充满热情地;激动地;
(9)polarize [ˈpəʊləraɪz] v 两极分化
(10)divided [dɪ'vaɪdɪd] 有分歧的
(11)compromise [ˈkɒmprəmaɪz] v 让步;违背(原则);达不到(标准)
(12)somewhere along the way 在这个过程中,中途,一路走来
(13)adult [ˈædʌlt] n 成人
Now, part of that is due to technology. The smartphones that you all either have in your hands or close enough that you could grab them really quickly. According to Pew Research, about a third of American teenagers send more than a hundred texts a day. And many of them, almost most of them, are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them face to face. There's this great piece in The Atlantic. It was written by a high school teacher named Paul Barnwell. And he gave his kids a communication project. He wanted to teach them how to speak on a specific subject without using notes. And he said this: "I came to realize..."
技术进步是部分原因。 比如智能手机, 现在就在你们手里, 或者就在旁边,随手就能拿到。 据皮尤的研究称, 大约三分之一的美国青少年 每天发送超过一百条短信。 而这中间很多人,几乎是所有人, 更倾向于给朋友发短信, 而不是面对面的交谈。 《大西洋》杂志 登过一篇很棒的文章, 作者是高中教师保罗·巴恩韦尔 (Paul Barnwell)。 他给自己的学生一项交流任务, 希望教会他们如何不借助笔记 针对某一话题发表演讲。 然后他说:“我开始意识到……”
(1)be due to由于 grab [ɡræb]抓住
(2)a third of 1/3
"I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single most overlooked skill we fail to teach. Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and each other through screens, but rarely do they have an opportunity to hone their interpersonal communications skills. It might sound like a funny question, but we have to ask ourselves: Is there any 21st-century skill more important than being able to sustain coherent, confident conversation?"
“我开始意识到交流能力 可能是最被我们忽视的, 没有好好教授的技能。 孩子每天花费数小时 通过屏幕接触创意和其他伙伴, 但很少有机会 去发掘自己的人际交往技能。” 这听起来很好笑, 但我们必须问问自己: 21世纪,有什么技能 会比保持连贯、 自信的对话更为重要?”
(1) competence [ˈkɒmpɪtəns] n 能力;胜任;技能;
(2) overlook [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈlʊk] v 忽略
(3) engage [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] v 从事,雇用 ~ (with sth/sb) 与…建立密切关系;尽力理解
(4) hone [həʊn] v 磨练
(5) interpersonal [ˌɪntə(r)ˈpɜː(r)s(ə)nəl] adj 人际关系的;
interpersonal communications skills 人际交往技能
(6)sustain [sə'steɪn] v 支持,维持
(7)coherent [kəʊˈhɪərənt] adj 连贯的;合乎逻辑的;有条理的;
Now, I make my living talking to people: Nobel Prize winners, truck drivers, billionaires, kindergarten teachers, heads of state, plumbers. I talk to people that I like. I talk to people that I don't like. I talk to some people that I disagree with deeply on a personal level. But I still have a great conversation with them. So I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes or so teaching you how to talk and how to listen.
现在,我的职业就是跟别人谈话。 诺贝尔奖获得者、卡车司机、 亿万富翁、幼儿园老师, 州长、水管工。 我和我喜欢的人交谈, 也和我不喜欢的人交谈。 我和在个人层面 非常不认同的人交谈。 但我仍旧和他们有很好的交流。 所以我希望用接下来的 10 分钟 教你们如何谈话, 以及如何倾听。
(1) “make one’s living” 是一个固定短语,意思是“谋生,以某种方式赚钱维持生计”。这个短语通常用于描述一个人的职业或工作。
“make one’s living by doing something” 意思是“以做某事为生计”。
“talking to people” 是一个现在分词短语,作为 “make a living” 的后置定语,修饰 “make a living” 的内容。后置定语是指放在被修饰词后面的定语。在这个句子中,“talking to people” 就是后置定语,修饰 “make a living”。后置定语通常由形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,用来修饰名词或代词。例如:the man wearing a hat(戴帽子的男人)、the book on the table(桌子上的书)等等。
(2) truck [trʌk] n卡车;拖车;
(3) kindergarten [ˈkɪndə(r)ˌɡɑː(r)t(ə)n] n幼儿园
(4) plumber [ˈplʌmə(r)] n 水管工人
Many of you have already heard a lot of advice on this, things like look the person in the eye, think of interesting topics to discuss in advance, look, nod and smile to show that you're paying attention, repeat back what you just heard or summarize it. So I want you to forget all of that. It is crap.
There is no reason to learn how to show you're paying attention if you are in fact paying attention.
你们中间很多人已经听过无数建议, 比如看着对方的眼睛, 提前想好可以讨论的有趣话题, 注视、点头并且微笑 来表明你的专注, 重复你刚才听到的,或者做总结。 我想让你们忘掉所有这些, 全都没用。
根本没必要去学习如何表现你很专心, 如果你确实很专心。
(1) summarize [ˈsʌməraɪz] v 总结;概述;
(2) crap [kræp] n 废话;胡说;胡扯;
Now, I actually use the exact same skills as a professional interviewer that I do in regular life. So, I'm going to teach you how to interview people, and that's actually going to help you learn how to be better conversationalists. Learn to have a conversation without wasting your time, without getting bored, and, please God, without offending anybody.
我其实是把作为职业访谈者 一模一样的技巧 用在了日常生活中。 好,我要来教你们 如何采访他人, 这其实会帮助你们学习 如何成为更好的沟通者。 学习开始一段交谈, 不浪费时间,不感到无聊, 以及,最重要的是,不冒犯任何人。
We've all had really great conversations. We've had them before. We know what it's like. The kind of conversation where you walk away feeling engaged and inspired, or where you feel like you've made a real connection or you've been perfectly understood. There is no reason why most of your interactions can't be like that.
我们都曾有过很棒的交谈。 我们都曾有过, 我们知道那是什么感觉。 那种结束之后令你感到 很享受、很受鼓舞的交谈, 或者令你觉得你和别人 建立了真实的连接, 或者让你完全得到了他人的理解。 没有理由说 你大部分人际互动不能成为那样。
(1)interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃ(ə)n] n互动,相互作用,
So I have 10 basic rules. I'm going to walk you through all of them, but honestly, if you just choose one of them and master it, you'll already enjoy better conversations.
我有 10 条基本规则。 我会一条条给你们解释, 但说真的,如果你 选择一条并且熟练掌握, 你就已经可以享受更愉快的交谈了。
(1)“walk sb through” 的中文意思是 “详细地教授(某人)”。这个短语通常用于指导某人完成某项任务或解释某个概念。
Number one: Don't multitask. And I don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or your car keys or whatever is in your hand. I mean, be present. Be in that moment. Don't think about your argument you had with your boss. Don't think about what you're going to have for dinner. If you want to get out of the conversation, get out of the conversation, but don't be half in it and half out of it.
第一条:不要三心二意。 我不是说单纯放下你的手机、 平板电脑、车钥匙, 或者随便什么握在手里的东西。 我的意思是,处在当下。 进入那个情境中去。 不要想着你之前和老板的争吵。 不要想着你晚饭吃什么。 如果你想退出交谈, 就退出交谈。 但不要身在曹营心在汉。
(1)multitask [ˌmʌlti'tɑ:sk] v 同时做多件事情,一心多用
(2)set down 记下;放下;写下
eg. Please set down all that I said. 请把我说的话全记下来。
(3)tablet ['tæblət] n 药片,平板
eg:it ' s just a tablet , so easy to take with a mouth of water.
这只是药片而已,喝一口水,很容易吃下去的。
Number two: Don't
pontificate. If you want to state your opinion without any
opportunity for response or argument or pushback or growth, write a blog.
第二条:不要好为人师。 如果你想要表达自己的看法, 又不想留下任何机会让人 回应、争论、反驳或阐发, 写博客去。
(1)
pontificate [pɒnˈtɪfɪkeɪt]
v 自以为是地谈论;目空一切地议论
(2)
state your opinion 陈述观点
(3)pushback ['pʊʃbæk] n 反对;抵制;
Now, there's a really
good reason why I don't allow pundits on my show: Because they're really
boring. If they're conservative, they're going to hate Obama and food
stamps and abortion. If they're liberal, they're going to hate big
banks and oil corporations and Dick Cheney. Totally predictable. And
you don't want to be like that. You need to enter every conversation
assuming that you have something to learn. The famed therapist M. Scott
Peck said that true listening requires a setting aside of
oneself. And sometimes that means setting aside your personal
opinion. He said that sensing this acceptance, the speaker will
become less and less vulnerable and more and more likely to open up the
inner recesses of his or her mind to the listener. Again, assume that
you have something to learn.
有个很好的理由来说明 我的谈话里为什么不允许有“专家说教”: 因为真的很无聊。 如果对方是个保守派, 那一定讨厌奥巴马、食品券和堕胎。 如果对方是个自由派, 那一定会讨厌 大银行、石油公司和迪克·切尼。 完全可以预测的。 你肯定不希望那样。 你需要在进入每一次交流时 都假定自己可以学习到一些东西。 著名的治疗师 M.斯科特·派克(M. Scott Peck)说过, 真正的倾听需要把自己放在一边。 有时候,这意味着 把你的个人观点放在一边。 他说感受到这种接纳, 说话的人会变得越来越不脆弱敏感, 因而越来越有可能 打开自己的内心世界, 呈现给倾听者。 再强调一遍, 假定你需要学习新东西。
(1)
pundit ['pʌndɪt]
n 专家
(2)
conservative [kənˈsɜː(r)vətɪv]
n 守旧派;保守主义者;保守的人;守旧的人
(3)
abortion [əˈbɔː(r)ʃ(ə)n] n 流产;堕胎;
(4)
liberal ['lɪb(ə)rəl]
adj 宽宏大度的;心胸宽阔的;开明的;(政治经济上)自由的
(5)
corporation [ˌkɔː(r)pəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]
n 法人;(大)公司;法人团体;市政委员会
(6)
famed [feɪmd] adj
著名的
(7)
therapist ['θerəpɪst] n (某治疗法的)治疗专家
(8)
set aside 搁置;拨出;驳回;留出
(9)
acceptance [ək'septəns]
n 验收;接受;认可;承认;接纳
(10)
sense [sens] v 意识到;感觉到;觉察出;检测出
(11)
vulnerable ['vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l]
adj (身体上或感情上)脆弱的
(12)
open up (打)开;割开;开发(资源);揭示
(13)
recess [rɪˈses]
n 隐蔽处;休会期;休庭;壁龛;课间休息
the inner recesses
of the mind内心深处
Bill Nye:
"Everyone you will ever meet knows something that you don't." I
put it this way: Everybody is an expert in something.
比尔·奈伊(Bill Nye)说:“每一个你将要 见到的人都有你不知道的东西。” 我来复述一下: 每个人都是某方面的专家。
Number three: Use
open-ended questions. In this case, take a cue from
journalists. Start your questions with who, what, when, where, why or
how. If you put in a complicated question, you're going to get a simple
answer out. If I ask you, "Were you terrified?" you're
going to respond to the most powerful word in that sentence, which is
"terrified," and the answer is "Yes, I was" or "No, I
wasn't." "Were you angry?" "Yes, I was very
angry." Let them describe it. They're the ones that know. Try
asking them things like, "What was that like?" "How did
that feel?" Because then they might have to stop for a moment and
think about it, and you're going to get a much more interesting response.
第三点:使用开放式问题。在这种情况下,可以借鉴记者的做法。用“谁,什么,何时,何地,为什么或如何”等开放性问题开头的问题。如果你提出了一个复杂的问题,你会得到一个简单的答案。如果我问你,“你害怕吗?”你会回答这个句子中最有力的词“害怕”,答案是“是的,我害怕”或“不,我不害怕”。如果我问你,“你生气了吗?”你会回答“是的,我非常生气。”让他们描述。他们是知道的人。试着问他们一些像“那是什么感觉?”“那感觉怎么样?”这样他们可能不得不停下来思考一下,你会得到一个更有趣的回答。
(1)
open-ended开放式的
(2)
take a cue from sb按别人的指点行事;懂得别人的暗示
Number four: Go with
the flow. That means thoughts will come into your mind and you need
to let them go out of your mind. We've heard interviews often in
which a guest is talking for several minutes and then the host comes back
in and asks a question which seems like it comes out of nowhere, or it's
already been answered. That means the host probably stopped listening two
minutes ago because he thought of this really clever question, and he
was just bound and determined to say that. And we do the exact same
thing. We're sitting there having a conversation with someone, and
then we remember that time that we met Hugh Jackman in a coffee shop.And we
stop listening. Stories and ideas are going to come to you. You need
to let them come and let them go.
第四点:顺其自然。这意味着你的思维会进入你的脑海,你需要让它们从你的脑海中消失。我们经常听到采访中嘉宾讲了几分钟,然后主持人回来问一个问题,这个问题似乎突然出现了,或者已经被回答了。这意味着主持人可能在两分钟前就停止了倾听,因为他想到了这个非常聪明的问题,他只是决心要说出来。我们也会做同样的事情。我们坐在那里和某人交谈,然后我们想起那次在咖啡店遇见休·杰克曼的经历。我们停止倾听。故事和想法会出现在你的脑海中。你需要让它们来,让它们去。
(1)
Go with the flow〈口〉随大流;顺应潮流;顺其自然
(2)
Thought [θɔːt] n 思想;思考;想法;打算
(3)
guest [ɡest]
n 客人;宾客;旅客;特邀嘉宾
Number five: If you
don't know, say that you don't know. Now, people on the radio, especially
on NPR, are much more aware that they're going on the record, and so
they're more careful about what they claim to be an expert in and what
they claim to know for sure. Do that. Err on the side of
caution. Talk should not be cheap.
第五点:如果你不知道, 就说你不知道。 广播节目里的人,尤其在 全国公共广播电台(NPR)中, 非常明白他们的谈话 会被播放出去。 所以他们对自己声称专业的地方 以及言之凿凿的东西会更加小心。 要学着这样做。谨言慎行。 谈话应该是负责任的行为。
(1)
on the record (网络)记录在案;记录在案的;公开发布的
(2)
Err on the side of
caution. 谨言慎行
Number six: Don't
equate your experience with theirs. If they're talking about having lost a
family member, don't start talking about the time you lost a family member. If
they're talking about the trouble they're having at work, don't tell them
about how much you hate your job. It's not the same. It is never the
same. All experiences are individual. And, more importantly, it is
not about you. You don't need to take that moment to prove how amazing you
are or how much you've suffered. Somebody asked Stephen Hawking once
what his IQ was, and he said, "I have no idea. People who brag about
their IQs are losers."
第六条:不要把自己的 经历和他人比较。 如果对方谈论失去了家人, 不要就势开始说你失去家人的事情。 如果对方在说工作上的困扰, 不要告诉他们你多么讨厌你的工作。 这不一样的,永远不可能一样。 任何经历都是独一无二的。 而且,更重要的是, 这不是在谈论你的事。 你不需要在此刻证明你多么能干, 或者你经受了多少痛苦。 有人曾问史蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking) 他的智商是多少,他回答道: “我不知道,拿智商吹牛的人都是屌丝。”
(1)
equate [ɪˈkweɪt]
v 同等看待;使等同 ~ sth (with sth) 同等看待;使等同
(2)
individual [.ɪndɪ'vɪdʒuəl]
adj 单独的;个别的;
(3)
suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)]
v 遭受;蒙受;受难;
(4)
brag [bræɡ] v 吹嘘;自吹自擂 brag about ~
Conversations
are not a promotional opportunity.
交谈不是用来推销自己的。
(1)promotional [prəˈməʊʃ(ə)nəl] adj 广告宣传的;推销的
Number seven: Try
not to repeat yourself. It's condescending, and it's really
boring, and we tend to do it a lot. Especially in work conversations
or in conversations with our kids, we have a point to make, so we
just keep rephrasing it over and over. Don't do that.
第七条: 尽量别重复自己的话。 这很咄咄逼人,也很无聊。 但我们很容易这样做。 尤其是在工作交谈中, 或者和孩子的交谈中。 我们想声明一个观点, 于是换着方式不停地说。 别这样。
(1)
condescending [ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ]
adj 表现出优越感的;居高临下的
condescend [ˌkɒndɪˈsend] v 屈尊;俯就;(对某人)表现出优越感
(2)
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
(3)
rephrase [ˌriːˈfreɪz]
v 换个说法说,重新措辞;改述;
Number eight: Stay out
of the weeds. Frankly, people don't care about the years, the
names, the dates, all those details that you're struggling to come up
with in your mind. They don't care. What they care about is you. They
care about what you're like, what you have in common. So forget the
details. Leave them out.
第八条:少说废话。 说白了,没人在乎 那些年份,名字, 日期等等这些 你努力试图 在脑中回想的种种细节。 别人不在乎,他们关注的是你。 对方关心你是什么样的人, 和你有什么共同点。 所以忘掉细节吧,别管它们。
(1) “Stay out of
the weeds” 的意思是 “不要走进杂草里”,比喻不要走进细节里,保持专注。 也就是说,不要在细节中迷失方向,而是要抓住重点,保持专注。这个短语可以用于各种场合,例如在谈话中,写作中等等。
stay out 不干涉,不插手 weed [wiːd] n 杂草;
(2)Frankly ['fræŋkli] adv 坦率地;直率地;(表示直言)老实说
Number nine: This
is not the last one, but it is the most important one. Listen. I
cannot tell you how many really important people have said that listening
is perhaps the most, the number one most important skill that you could
develop. Buddha said, and I'm paraphrasing, "If your mouth is
open, you're not learning." And Calvin Coolidge said, "No man
ever listened his way out of a job."
第九条: 这不是最后一条, 但是最重要的一条。 认真倾听。 我说不上来到底有多少重要人士都说过 倾听可能是最重要的,第一重要的 你可以提升的技能。 佛曰——我转述一下, “如果你嘴不停,你就学不到东西。” 卡尔文·柯立芝(Calvin Coolidge)曾说: “从没有人是因为听太多而被开除的。”
(1)paraphrase [ˈpærəˌfreɪz] v 【网】转述
Why do we not listen
to each other? Number one, we'd rather talk. When I'm talking, I'm in
control. I don't have to hear anything I'm not interested in. I'm the
center of attention. I can bolster my own identity. But there's
another reason: We get distracted. The average person talks at about
225 word per minute, but we can listen at up to 500 words per
minute. So our minds are filling in those other 275 words. And look,
I know, it takes effort and energy to actually pay attention to
someone, but if you can't do that, you're not in a
conversation. You're just two people shouting out barely related
sentences in the same place.
为什么我们不愿倾听彼此? 首先,我们更喜欢说。 我在说话时一切在我的掌控之中。 我不用去听任何我不感兴趣的东西。 我是焦点。 我可以强化自己的认同感。 但还有一个原因: 我们会受到干扰。 人平均每分钟说大约 225 个单词, 但我们每分钟可以听将近 500 个单词。 所以我们的脑子 被这另外 275 个单词占据了。 我知道这很耗费精力 去真正注意听别人讲。 但如果你不这么做, 你们就不是在交谈。 你们只不过是两个人 在同一个地方 彼此嚷嚷毫不相关的话。
(1)
bolster [ˈbəʊlstə(r)]
v 加强;改善
(2)
distracted [dɪˈstræktɪd]
adj 注意力分散的;思想不集中的
(3)
it takes effort and energy to do something做某事需要努力和精力才行
(4)
barely [ˈbeə(r)li]
adv 仅仅;几乎不;几乎没有;刚刚
You have to listen to
one another. Stephen Covey said it very beautifully. He said,
"Most of us don't listen with the intent to understand. We listen
with the intent to reply."
你们必须相互倾听。 史蒂芬·柯维(Stephen Covey) 对此有精彩的论述。 他说:“我们大多数人都不是为了理解而倾听。 我们为了回应而听。”
(1)intend to do something打算干某事
One
more rule, number 10, and it's this one: Be brief.
All of this boils down
to the same basic concept, and it is this one: Be interested in other
people.
最后一条,第十条:简明扼要。所有这些都归结为同一个基本概念,那就是:对他人感兴趣。
(1)All of this
boils down to the same basic concept 所有这些都归结为同一个基本概念。
You know, I grew up
with a very famous grandfather, and there was kind of a ritual in my
home. People would come over to talk to my grandparents, and after
they would leave, my mother would come over to us, and she'd say, "Do
you know who that was? She was the runner-up to Miss America. He was
the mayor of Sacramento. She won a Pulitzer Prize. He's a Russian ballet
dancer." And I kind of grew up assuming everyone has some
hidden, amazing thing about them. And honestly, I think it's what makes me
a better host. I keep my mouth shut as often as I possibly can, I
keep my mind open, and I'm always prepared to be amazed, and I'm
never disappointed.
You do the same
thing. Go out, talk to people, listen to people, and, most importantly,
be prepared to be amazed.
“你知道吗?我成长于一个非常有名的祖父的家庭,我们家有一种传统。人们会来找我的祖父母谈话,他们离开后,我母亲会过来跟我们说:‘你知道那是谁吗?她是美国小姐选美比赛的亚军。他是萨克拉门托市长。她获得了普利策奖。他是俄罗斯芭蕾舞演员。’我从小就认为每个人都有一些隐藏的、惊人的东西。老实说,我认为这让我成为了一个更好的主持人。我尽可能地闭嘴,保持头脑开放,随时准备被惊艳,从未失望过。"
你们也可以这样。 走出门去,和别人交谈, 听别人说, 以及最重要的,准备好大吃一惊。
(1) ritual ['rɪtʃuəl] n 习惯;程序;仪规;礼节
(2) mayor [meə(r)] n 市长;镇长
(3) kind of 有点儿;有几分
当你想表达某种程度的时候,可以使用“kind of”这个词组。例如,“I kind of like this
song”(我有点喜欢这首歌)。
I kind of grew up 我从小,在成长的过程中
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