Null Hypotheses| Alternative Hypotheses|Hypothesis Test|Significance Level|two tailed |one tailed|
9.1 The Nature of Hypothesis Testing
Over the years, however, null hypothesis has come to mean simply a hypothesis to be tested.
Null Hypothesis:
H0: μ = μ0,
where μ0 is some number
Alternative Hypothesis:
two tailed 实例:
one tailed 实例:
评判标准:
Type I and Type II Errors:
Significance Level
所以需要balancing
In other words, if we do not reject the null hypothesis, we conclude only that the data do not provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis; we do not conclude that the data provide sufficient evidence to support the null hypothesis
即,reject or not reject 取决于是否满足备择假设,如果满足备择假设则reject;如果不满足备择假设则 not reject
When the null hypothesis is rejected in a hypothesis test performed at the significance level α, we frequently express that fact with the phrase “the test results are statistically significant at the α level.” Similarly, when the null hypothesis is not rejected in a hypothesis test performed at the significance level α, we often express that fact with the phrase “the test results are not statistically significant at the α level.”
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