1.开发背景
一个开诊所的中医朋友,希望我能给他开发一个记录病人姓名和处方的Android手机app,以便查询病人每次就诊信息,比如上一次的处方,以前他要找个病人上一次的就诊处方,几乎要翻遍一叠厚厚的处方纸张才能找到(他的门诊量还是很大的),非常麻烦。于是利用周末的两天时间开发了这款DoctorNote软件,软件截图如下:


 
 
 
 
 


DoctorNote开发过程用了很Android各个方面的知识点,比如ActionBar的使用、自定义ActionBar样式、SQLite的使用、AsyncTask的使用,SearchView的使用和SearchActivity的编写,以及AlertDialog的创建等。现总结如下:

2.项目的创建

项目的开发IDE是Eclipse,File->new->Android Application Project,项目的目录结构如下 图:

3.创建MainActivity
该类继承ListActivity实现OnItemLongClickListener接口,是程序的主界面,主要按姓名展示处方记录,单击可查看修改信息,长按可删除该记录,代码如下:

package com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui;

import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.R;
import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.db.NoteDB; import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.app.SearchManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.DialogInterface.OnClickListener;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SearchView;
import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* DoctorNote
* @author Foxhu
* @version 1.0
*
*/
public class MainActivity extends ListActivity implements OnItemLongClickListener{
public final static String EXTRA_NOTEID = "com.foxhu.app.doctornote.NOTEID";
private final static int ACTIVITY_CREATE = 0;//设置activity返回码
private final static int ACTIVITY_MODI = 1;//设置activity返回码
private Context mContext; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
new LoadAsyncTask().execute();
getListView().setOnItemLongClickListener(this);
} //android.os.AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>
private class LoadAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Cursor>{ @Override
protected Cursor doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
Cursor cursor = NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).getAllNote();
return cursor;
} @Override
protected void onPostExecute(Cursor result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
//构造方法
//public SimpleCursorAdapter (Context context, int layout, Cursor c, String[] from, int[] to, int flags)
String[] from = new String[]{NoteDB.COLUMN_NAME};
int[] to = new int[]{android.R.id.text1};
SimpleCursorAdapter records = new SimpleCursorAdapter(mContext,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,result,from,to,0);
setListAdapter(records);
} } /**
* 处理单击事件,单击条目打开编辑窗口
*/
@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
Intent intent = new Intent(this,ModiNoteActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_NOTEID, id);//传递记录的id
this.startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_MODI); } @Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
//设置查询
SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
SearchView searchView = (SearchView) menu.findItem(R.id.search).getActionView();
searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()));
//searchView.setSubmitButtonEnabled(true);
return true;
} @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch(item.getItemId()){
case R.id.action_edit:
Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, EditNoteActivity.class);
//startActivity(intent);
this.startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_CREATE);
break;
default:
break;
}
return false;
} @Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
//重新加载数据
new LoadAsyncTask().execute();
} @Override
protected void onRestart() {
super.onRestart();
new LoadAsyncTask().execute();
} @Override
public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
final long id) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext)
.setTitle(R.string.delete_title)
.setMessage(R.string.delete_body)
.setNegativeButton(R.string.delete_cancel, null)
.setPositiveButton(R.string.delete_ok, new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
if (NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).deleteNote(id)> 0) {
new LoadAsyncTask().execute();
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.delete_success,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.delete_fail,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} }); builder.create().show(); // TODO Auto-generated method stub
return false;
} }

对应的页面布局文件activity_main.xml如下:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" > <ListView
android:id="@android:id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_centerVertical="true" >
</ListView> </RelativeLayout>

(1)onCreate()事件解析
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);设置布局文件;

new LoadAsyncTask().execute();执行异步任务从SQLite数据库加载全部医生处方数据;

getListView().setOnItemLongClickListener(this);给listview控件条目设置长按监听单击事件;


(2)private class LoadAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Cursor>

内部类LoadAsyncTask继承AsyncTask类,我们来看一下AsyncTask这个类,这个类的定义一般带有三个泛型参数AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>,并且带有4步方法,分别为onPreExecute, doInBackground, onProgressUpdate 和 onPostExecute.一般我们需要后台执行获取数据的任务放在doInBackground()方法,执行结果数据展示部分放在onPostExecute(),该方法的参数即是doInBackground()返回的数据,下面详细介绍下AsyncTask的4步方法:

①.onPreExecute(),在任务执行之前,在UI线程上调用,这步通常用来设置任务,比如在用户界面上显示进度条;

②.doInBackground(Params...),在 onPreExecute()方法执行后立即在后台线程执行,这一步通常用来执行需要花费较长时间的后台计算,异步任务的参数传递给该方法,计算的结果必须在这一步返回,并传递给onPostExecute(Result),这一步也可使用 publishProgress(Progress...)方法来产生一个或多个单位的进度,这些值是发布在在UI线程上 onProgressUpdate(Progress...) 方法中的.

③.onProgressUpdate(Progress...),在 publishProgress(Progress...)方法后在UI线程上调用,它的执行时序是不确定的,这个方法通常用来在用户界面上展示进度,而后台计算仍在执行,例如,它可以用来动态的显示进步条或者在文本框中显示记录.

④.onPostExecute(Result),在后台计算完成后在UI线程上调用,后台计算的执行结果传递该方法作为参数.


(3)ActionBar的创建

ActionBar是3.0以后出来的设计规范,支持Android 3.0+,android:minSdkVersion="11",如果想在Android 2.1上实现ActionBar需要V7兼容包,我们定义Activity的时候一般这样public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity ,Activity要继承ActionBarActivity,为简单起见,本软件采用android:minSdkVersion="11"。

①.实现ActionBar关键是菜单文件的创建,下面是DoctorNote的主界面菜单文件main.xml:

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
<item
android:id="@+id/search"
android:title="@string/search_title"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_search"
android:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
android:actionViewClass="android.widget.SearchView" /> <item
android:id="@+id/action_edit"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_edit"
android:showAsAction="ifRoom"
android:title="@string/action_edit"/> </menu>

其中第一个item用来定义搜索按钮,第二菜单用于定义编辑按钮,关键我们要注意android:showAsAction属性的应用,
ifRoom:如果有ActionBar有空间就显示该菜单项;

withText:如果没有设定android:icon图标,那么菜单项以文字形式展示,可以与其他关键字联合使用比如ifRoom|withText;

never:不出现在ActionBar中,按设置键可弹出;

always:不管有没有空间,总是出现在ActionBar,通常不建议使用该项,会导致多个item重叠;

collapseActionView:与之相关的动作条目(如在android:actionViewClass中声明的视图类)是可折叠的,比如搜索控件SearchView;

②.在CeateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)方法加载菜单,实现actionbar效果

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
//设置查询
SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
SearchView searchView = (SearchView) menu.findItem(R.id.search).getActionView();
searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()));
//searchView.setSubmitButtonEnabled(true);
return true;
}

③.对ActionBar上的按钮添加响应事件

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch(item.getItemId()){
case R.id.action_edit:
Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, EditNoteActivity.class);
//startActivity(intent);
this.startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_CREATE);
break;
default:
break;
}
return false;
}

如果选中编辑(新建)菜单则通过intent打开EditNoteActivity.class

(4)SearchView的创建,一般分为5步

①编写菜单文件,res/menu/main.xml

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
<item
android:id="@+id/search"
android:title="@string/search_title"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_search"
android:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
android:actionViewClass="android.widget.SearchView" /> <item
android:id="@+id/action_edit"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_edit"
android:showAsAction="ifRoom"
android:title="@string/action_edit"/> </menu>

②编写搜索配置文件res/xml/searchable.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:hint="@string/search_hint"
android:imeOptions="actionSearch"/>

其中android:imeOptions="actionSearch"属性用来设置软键盘是搜索按钮而不是回车
③在onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)方法中对SearchView通过调用setSearchableInfo(getComponentName())方法加载搜索配置信息,当SearchView和搜索配置文件正确关联后,当用户提交查询后SearchView就会通过ACTION_SEARCH intent 开启一个 activity来执行搜索任务

④修改AndroidManifest.xml配置文件,添加

<!-- Searchable -->
<activity
android:name="com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui.SearchableActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTop" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.searchable"
android:resource="@xml/searchable" />
</activity>
<!-- Points to searchable activity so the whole app can invoke search. -->
<meta-data
android:name="android.app.default_searchable"
android:value="com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui.SearchableActivity"/>

注意属性android:launchMode="singleTop",singleTop模式将SearchableActivity设为单例模式,用户可以执行多次搜索而无需创建新的Activity实例
⑤创建可搜索的Activity-SearchableActivity,SearchableActivity代码如下:

package com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui;

import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.db.NoteDB;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.app.SearchManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
/**
* DoctorNote
* @author Foxhu
* @version 1.0
*
*/
public class SearchableActivity extends ListActivity {
private Context mContext;
//private NoteDB mNoteDB; @Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
Intent intent = new Intent(this,ModiNoteActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(MainActivity.EXTRA_NOTEID, id);//传递记录的id
this.startActivity(intent);
} @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
//mNoteDB = new NoteDB(mContext, NoteDB.DATABASE_NAME, null, NoteDB.VERSION);
getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);//设置返回按钮
handleIntent(getIntent());
} private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
//use the query to search your data somehow
fillList(query);
}
} private void fillList(String query) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Cursor result = NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).queryNoteByName(query);
String[] from = new String[]{NoteDB.COLUMN_NAME};
int[] to = new int[]{android.R.id.text1};
SimpleCursorAdapter records = new SimpleCursorAdapter(mContext,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,result,from,to,0);
setListAdapter(records);
} @Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onNewIntent(intent);
handleIntent(intent);
} @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch(item.getItemId()){
case android.R.id.home:
finish();
break;
default:
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
} }

在onCreate()事件中,通过handleIntent(getIntent())检查ACTION_SEARCH intent来处理查询, 通过String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY)来获取查询关键词,然后通过fillList(query)来装载查询结果;

4.创建EditNoteActivity,该类主要用来新建处方

package com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui;

import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.R;
import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.db.NoteDB; import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* DoctorNote
* @author Foxhu
* @version 1.0
*
*/
public class EditNoteActivity extends Activity {
private Context mContext;
private EditText mNameText;
private EditText mPrescriptionText; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
setContentView(R.layout.activity_edit_note);
mNameText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.notename);
mPrescriptionText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.noteprescription);
getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);//设置返回按钮
} @Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.edit_note, menu);
return true;
} @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch(item.getItemId()){
case R.id.action_save:
String name = mNameText.getText().toString();
String prescription = mPrescriptionText.getText().toString();
if (name.isEmpty()){
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.name_empty,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).insertNote(name, prescription);
this.finish();
}
break;
case android.R.id.home:
finish();
break;
default:
break;
}
return false;
} }

5.创建ModiNoteActivity,该类主要用来修改处方

package com.foxhu.app.doctornote.ui;

import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.R;
import com.foxhu.app.doctornote.db.NoteDB;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* DoctorNote
* @author Foxhu
* @version 1.0
*
*/
public class ModiNoteActivity extends Activity {
private Context mContext;
//private NoteDB mNoteDB;
private EditText mNameText;
private EditText mPrescriptionText;
private long noteId; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
setContentView(R.layout.activity_modi_note);
//mNoteDB = new NoteDB(mContext, NoteDB.DATABASE_NAME, null, NoteDB.VERSION);
Intent intent = getIntent();
noteId = intent.getLongExtra(MainActivity.EXTRA_NOTEID, 0);
Cursor cursor = NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).queryNoteById(noteId);//根据接收的id查询记录详细信息
mNameText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.modi_notename);
mPrescriptionText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.modi_noteprescription); mNameText.setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(NoteDB.COLUMN_NAME)));
mPrescriptionText.setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(NoteDB.COLUMN_PRESCRIPTION)));
getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);//设置返回按钮 } @Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.modi_note, menu);
return true;
} @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch(item.getItemId()){
case R.id.action_modi:
String name = mNameText.getText().toString();
String prescription = mPrescriptionText.getText().toString();
if (name.isEmpty()){
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.name_empty,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).updateNote(noteId, name, prescription);
this.finish();
}
break;
case android.R.id.home:
finish();
break;
default:
break;
}
return false;
} }

5.数据库操作类NoteDB

该类继承SQLiteOpenHelper,由于多个Activity都要操作数据库,所以写了一个public static NoteDB getInstance(Context context)单例模式创建数据库操作类NoteDB对象,调用方法为NoteDB.getInstance(getApplicationContext()),代码如下

package com.foxhu.app.doctornote.db;

import java.util.Calendar;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement;
/**
* DoctorNote
* @author Foxhu
* @version 1.0
*
*/
public class NoteDB extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static NoteDB mInstance = null;
public static final int VERSION = 1;
public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "DoctorNote"; private static final String TABLE_NOTE_NAME = "Note";
private static final String COLUMN_ID = "_id";
public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "name";
public static final String COLUMN_PRESCRIPTION = "prescription";
private static final String COLUMN_CREATETIME = "createtime"; private static final String DATABASE_NOTE_CREATE = "create table Note(_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "name text not null,"
+ "prescription text not null,"
+ "createtime text not null" + ");"; public NoteDB(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
} //自定义构造函数,只需要传递Activity对象给它即可
public NoteDB(Context context) {
this(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, VERSION);
}
/**
* 单例模式
*/
public static NoteDB getInstance(Context context) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new NoteDB(context);
}
return mInstance;
} @Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(DATABASE_NOTE_CREATE);
} @Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub }
/**
* 获取全部数据
* @param db
* @return
*/
public Cursor getAllNote(){
return this.getReadableDatabase().query(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, new String[] {COLUMN_ID,COLUMN_NAME,COLUMN_PRESCRIPTION,COLUMN_CREATETIME}, null, null, null, null, "_id desc"); } /**
* 插入数据
* @param name
* @param prescription
* @return
*/
public long insertNote(String name,String prescription){
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
String created = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "年" + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + "月" + calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) + "日";
values.put(COLUMN_NAME, name);
values.put(COLUMN_PRESCRIPTION, prescription);
values.put(COLUMN_CREATETIME, created);
return this.getWritableDatabase().insert(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, null, values);
} /**
* 根据id删除数据
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteNote(long id){
return this.getWritableDatabase().delete(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, "_id=?", new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
} /**
* 根据id更新数据
* @param id
* @param name
* @param prescription
* @return
*/
public int updateNote(long id,String name,String prescription){
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(COLUMN_NAME, name);
values.put(COLUMN_PRESCRIPTION, prescription);
return this.getWritableDatabase().update(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, values, "_id=?", new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
} /**
* 根据姓名查询数据
* @param name
* @return
*/
public Cursor queryNoteByName(String name){
return this.getReadableDatabase().query(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, null, "name like ?", new String[] {"%"+name+"%"}, null, null, "_id desc");
} /**
* 根据id查询详细信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Cursor queryNoteById(long id){
Cursor mcursor = this.getReadableDatabase().query(TABLE_NOTE_NAME, null, "_id=?", new String[] { String.valueOf(id) }, null, null, null,"1");
if (mcursor != null && mcursor.getCount() !=0){
mcursor.moveToFirst();
return mcursor;
}else{
return null;
}
}
/**
* 获取note表全部记录数
* @return
*/
public long getNoteCount(){
SQLiteStatement statement = this.getReadableDatabase().compileStatement("select count(*) from " + TABLE_NOTE_NAME);
return statement.simpleQueryForLong();
} /**
* 根据姓名查询记录数
* @param name
* @return
*/
public long getNoteCountByName(String name) {
SQLiteStatement statement = getReadableDatabase().compileStatement(
"select count(*) from " + TABLE_NOTE_NAME + " where name=" + name);
return statement.simpleQueryForLong();
}
}

github源码:
https://github.com/puma007/DoctorNote

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