昨天在客户那里做了一次rman异机的恢复，把生产库弄一份给測试库用，总库大概80G，总共花费了2个小时，当时客户的环境是windows 11.2.0.3，今天早晨在linux下又一次測试了一下，记录下来供大家參考

环境:

全部操作都是按主机名区分

源库:

主机名  bre1  实例名为bre1  数据文件文件夹在/u01/app/oradata下

目标库:

主机名 bre2   数据文件准备放在/bre1/oradata下

废话不多说，以下是实际操作步骤

1.在源库创建备份集，而且复制到目标库

拷贝的文件夹可用和原来的备份的时候的文件夹一致，也能够不一致

备份system表空间rman会自己主动备份參数文件和控制文件

RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/%U.bak';

Starting backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:35

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:36

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:51

piece handle=/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:52

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53

piece handle=/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak .

The authenticity of host 'bre1 (192.168.56.45)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added 'bre1,192.168.56.45' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

oracle@bre1's password:

03pggb7o_1_1.bak                                                                                     100%  336MB  37.3MB/s   00:09

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak .

oracle@bre1's password:

04pggb87_1_1.bak                                                                                     100% 9600KB   9.4MB/s   00:00

2.还原spfile，使用nomount打开数据库

编辑一个最简单的pfile，仅仅有db_name就可以：

[oracle@bre2 dbs]$ vi initbre1.ora

[oracle@bre2 dbs]$ cat initbre1.ora

db_name=bre1

然后就能够nomount打开数据库了：

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  229683200 bytes

Fixed Size		    2251936 bytes

Variable Size		  171967328 bytes

Database Buffers	   50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers		    5132288 bytes

SQL>

再使用rman来恢复spfile：

RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak';

Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:31

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=171 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:32

RMAN>

使用spfile来打理数据库试试

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 10:08:01 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'

SQL> startup nomount;

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'

SQL> startup nomount;

ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 9925

有非常多相关文件夹没有创建，能够使用strings spfilebre1.ora来查看一下spfile里面的内容，建好相关的文件夹，而且赋予权限。。这些都搞好后nomount打开数据库不再报错。



3.恢复控制文件

登陆到rman，控制文件还原的时候将还原到參数文件指定的位置，所以參数文件指定的控制文件文件夹必须存在，否则报错，比如以下一開始我没有创建就报错，后来创建完毕就不报错了，假设你想还原到其它地方，能够改动參数文件指定到对应地址。

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';

Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:14

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:15

ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak

ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 1

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';

Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:50

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:51

ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 1

ORA-19600: input file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl)

ORA-19601: output file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl)

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';

Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:24

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:25

4.mount数据库,注冊备份集

重新启动数据库，直接就能够启动到mount

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size		    2257840 bytes

Variable Size		  503319632 bytes

Database Buffers	  322961408 bytes

Redo Buffers		    6565888 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL>

假设此时备份集所在文件文件夹改变，须要手工catalog注冊备份集，这里我们将拷过来的备份文件拷贝到/home/oracle/backup下，演示一下手工catalog备份集

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls

03pggb7o_1_1.bak  04pggb87_1_1.bak  pfile.ora  test

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ mkdir backup

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ mv *.bak backup

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls backup

03pggb7o_1_1.bak  04pggb87_1_1.bak

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak';

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

Crosschecked 1 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:11

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

no files cataloged

cataloged backup piece

backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak RECID=2 STAMP=856175531

RMAN>  catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak';

cataloged backup piece

backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak RECID=3 STAMP=856175550

5.使用set newname将数据文件还原到不同文件夹

原来的数据文件文件夹在/u01/admin/oradata以下,我们将数据文件恢复到/bre1/oradata以下，%b的意思是仅仅获取文件名称，没有文件夹信息

[root@bre2 ~]# mkdir -p /bre1/oradata

[root@bre2 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /bre1

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 10:36:10 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: BRE1 (DBID=2522432392, not open)

run{

allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

set newname for database to '/bre1/oradata/%b';

restore database;

release channel ch1;

6> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ch1

channel ch1: SID=396 device type=DISK

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:03

channel ch1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ch1: restoring datafile 00001 to /bre1/oradata/system01.dbf

channel ch1: restoring datafile 00002 to /bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf

channel ch1: restoring datafile 00003 to /bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: restoring datafile 00004 to /bre1/oradata/users01.dbf

channel ch1: restoring datafile 00005 to /bre1/oradata/test.dbf

channel ch1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak

channel ch1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336

channel ch1: restored backup piece 1

channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:48

released channel: ch1

数据文件都在了：

[root@bre2 ~]# ls -l /bre1/oradata

total 1564468

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Aug 21 10:38 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Aug 21 10:38 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Aug 21 10:38 test.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Aug 21 10:38 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   6561792 Aug 21 10:38 users01.dbf

资料上说能够使用switch datafile all来直接改动控制文件里的文件文件夹，可是我试了一下貌似不行，还是须要在手工rename，以下是我手工改动控制文件里的数据文件文件夹，先看一下当前的数据文件文件夹

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbf

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log

我自己写了一个拼接sql来将数据文件文件夹做转换：

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafile

union all

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfile

union all

select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile

;

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafile

union all

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfile

union all

select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile

  6  ;

'ALTERDATABASERENAMEFILE'''||NAME||'''TO''/BRE1/ORADATA'||SUBSTR(NAME,LENGTH(NAME)-INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/')+1,INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/'))||''';'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/temp01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log';

alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log';

alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log';

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL>

Database altered.

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log';

Database altered.

rename之后控制文件里的数据文件文件夹都已经改到了/bre1/oradata下，那么就能够进行恢复了。

6.恢复数据库

我这里是測试就没有恢复什么归档日志，假设是正式生产库，还须要恢复归档日志，可能还须要使用到CATALOG ARCHIVELOG 来注冊归档的备份集和在RMAN中使用

RUN

{ 

  SET ARCHIVELOG DESTINATION TO '/home/oracle';

  RESTORE ARCHIVELOG all;       

}    

来还原出归档日志。

或者还能够在controlfile中改动归档文件夹来恢复。恢复出归档日志之后，就能够进行数据库恢复。

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 11:16:06 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 830841 generated at 08/21/2014 10:03:36 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /arch1_42_851018056.dbf

ORA-00280: change 830841 for thread 1 is in sequence #42

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel

Media recovery cancelled.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

open 过程中可能会遇到ora-00392错误，

解决的方法：

使用SQL> alter database clear logfile group 2;

到此恢复成功！

总结：

基本的难点是须要对rman比較熟悉，须要使用语句改动控制文件里的文件位置，否则会报错找不到相关文件。

假设备份集的文件夹改变了，须要手工catalog注冊备份集到控制文件，而且rename file。

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