[terry笔记]11gR2_DataGuard搭建_primary零停机

11gR2搭建dataguard环境，此篇文章是利用rman搭建dataguard，这样的好处是primary不用停机，当然，前提条件是primary已经开启归档。

相对于可以停机，零停机传送数据文件的方式，不能冷备然后拷贝数据文件，只能利用rman技术备份，并恢复至standby中，当然rman备份恢复我只用了最简单的一种，一条命令备份，两条命令恢复。

可以参考拷贝数据文件方式：http://www.cnblogs.com/kkterry/p/3819322.html

主备切换、模式调整等实验会在以后更新。

环境信息介绍：

primary（正在运行，已经开启归档，可正常交易）：
OS：OEL6.
database：11.2.0.4.
hostname：node4
192.168.100.131
ORACLE_SID=good
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/product/11.2.
db_unique_name=good

standby（装好database软件）：
OS：OEL6.
database：11.2.0.4.
hostname：node5
192.168.100.132
ORACLE_SID=good
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/product/11.2.
db_unique_name=bad

两边oracle用户的环境变量：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.
export ORACLE_SID=good
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
alias s='sqlplus / as sysdba'

1.  primary已经处于归档状态（归档目录/u01/arch），然后打开force logging:

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /u01/arch

Oldest online log sequence     24

Next log sequence to archive   26

Current log sequence           26

alter database force logging;

2. 配置listener与tnsnames，然后传至standby

（primary可以是动态监听，但是standby需要静态监听，因为动态监听需要数据库启动至mount状态才能监听得到。standby目前只有软件，没有实例，所以动态监听无法向外提供服务，以至于primary无法连接至standby的库，导致无法测试连通性，并向向standby传递归档）

listner.ora:

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/11.2./network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/11.2.)
          (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = good)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/11.2.)
      (SID_NAME = good)
  )
)
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = ))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01

tnsnames.ora:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/11.2./network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

GOOD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.131)(PORT = ))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = good)
    )
  )

BAD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.132)(PORT = ))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = good)
    )
  )

3.两边打开监听

lsnrctl start

此时可以测试两边是否连通

sqlplus sys/xxx@good as sysdba

sqlplus sys/xxx@bad as sysdba

4.配置primary参数，并添加standby logfile,以用来将来主备切换,standby logfile要比redo多一个组

此时的primary参数文件，里面没有相关dg的参数。

good.__db_cache_size=205520896
good.__java_pool_size=4194304
good.__large_pool_size=8388608
good.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
good.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
good.__sga_target=343932928
good.__shared_io_pool_size=0
good.__shared_pool_size=113246208
good.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/good/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/good/control01.ctl','/u01/fast_recovery_area/good/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='good'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=goodXDB)'
*.memory_target=550502400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch'

运行如下命令：具体参数含义在文章最后的附录表中，也可以查询官方文档，解释的更详细。

（不用设置primary的db_unique_name,默认就有）

alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(good,bad)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=/u01/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=good';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'SERVICE=bad LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bad';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable;

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable;

alter system set fal_server=bad;

alter system set fal_client=good;

alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;

添加standby redo：

alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby04.log')size 50m,
group 5 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby05.log')size 50m,
group 6 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby06.log')size 50m,
group 7 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby07.log')size 50m;

5.创建standby controlfile、pfile

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';

create pfile from spfile;

6.利用rman备份primary，做全备即可

rman target /

backup database format '/u01/backup/full_%U'; 

7.把相关文件从primary传递至standby

监听文件：listener.ora、tnsnames.ora --$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin(在之前已经传过去了)

参数文件：initgood.ora  --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

密码文件：orapwgood  --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

sty控制文件：control01.ctl  --$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/good

日志目录（或直接创建文件夹）：$ORACLE_BASE/admin、$ORACLE_BASE/diag、$ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area  --$ORACLE_BASE

备份文件：/u01/backup/* --/u01/backup/

8.修改standby参数文件,重点注意蓝色的参数，绿色是重点要修改的。

good.__db_cache_size=222298112
good.__java_pool_size=4194304
good.__large_pool_size=8388608
good.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
good.__pga_aggregate_target=192937984
good.__sga_target=360710144
good.__shared_io_pool_size=0
good.__shared_pool_size=113246208
good.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/good/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/good/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='good'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.db_unique_name='bad'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=goodXDB)'
*.fal_client='bad'
*.fal_server='good‘
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(good,bad)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bad'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=good lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=good'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.memory_target=550502400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

9.standby启动至mount，然后rman恢复

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jul 2 20:32:36 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  551165952 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255112 bytes
Variable Size             385877752 bytes
Database Buffers          155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers                7843840 bytes

SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.

SQL> exit

[oracle@node5 dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jul 2 20:33:57 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: GOOD (DBID=1820366808, not open)

RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/backup/';

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUL-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=14 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUL-14

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUL-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUL-14

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 02-JUL-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oradata/good/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oradata/good/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oradata/good/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oradata/good/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 tag=TAG20140702T202533
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 02-JUL-14

此时standby的/u01/arch会出现归档。

可以在primary进行alter system switch logfile测试，归档必须同时出现在两端，这点很重要，不然standby无法进行恢复。

10.standby应用日志

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

11.验证

观察primary与standby的/u01/arch

primary:alter system switch logfile;

SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

select sequence#,status from v$archived_log;--主备一致

14.standby可以选择是否启动read only with apply

如果启动可以在standby库进行查询，同时从primary日志恢复（此为11g特性，10g如果read only打开standby库，不可以同时恢复）

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database open;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

select open_mode from v$database;

到这里可以算是完成了，可以正常登录主库、备库进行数据查询。

15.此时会发现一个现象，v$logfile中的文件可以查询得到，但是文件并不存在，这种情况可以忽略，主备互转的时候会自动创建。

SQL> col member for a30
SQL> select * from v$logfile;

    GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                         IS_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
         3         ONLINE  /u01/oradata/good/redo03.log   NO
         2         ONLINE  /u01/oradata/good/redo02.log   NO
         1         ONLINE  /u01/oradata/good/redo01.log   NO
         4         STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo04.log   NO
         5         STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo05.log   NO
         6         STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo06.log   NO
         7         STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo07.log   NO

7 rows selected.

参数附录：

角色	参数名称	介绍
Pri	DB_NAME	数据库名称，primary端和standby端必须相同
	DB_UNIQUE_NAME	指定唯一名称，区别primary端和 standby端
	LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG	指定DG的全局日志配置，包含所有数据库的名称，及归档路径
	CONTROL_FILES	控制文件路径及名称
	LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n	指定主备库的归档路径
	LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n	配置是否允许通过redo进行日志传输及路径
	REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE	配置远程登陆模式，是否独享还是共享
	LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT	配置归档日志文件存储格式规范
	LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESS=integer	配置归档进程数量，默认为4
	FAL_SERVER	配置服务器角色
	DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT	配置数据库数据文件转换，用在主备库数据文件路径不一致
	LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT	配置数据库redo日志文件转换，用在主备库redo日志文件路径不一致
	STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT	配置备库是否同步主库的表空间添加或数据文件添加。
st	DB_UNIQUE_NAME	指定唯一名称，区别pri 端和 sty端
	CONTROL_FILES	控制文件路径及名称
	DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT	配置数据库数据文件转换，用在主备库数据文件路径不一致
	LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT	配置数据库数据文件转换，用在主备库数据文件路径不一致
	LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n	指定主备库的归档路径
	FAL_SERVER	配置服务器角色