[mysql使用(1)] 64位Linux下安装mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

由于公司临时让将Oracle的数据移植到mysql上面，所以让我在公司服务器上面安装一下mysql。下面就是我的安装过程以及一些错误解决思路。其实对于不同版本安装大体都有差不多。

1. 从官网下载 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

经测试， 本文还适用于如下版本：

mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

官网： http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.检查你所用的Linux下有没有安装过mysql，没有卸载干净

#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

*可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：

#rpm -e mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --nodeps

当然你的也可能不止这一个文件，也可能有多个，那么你就依次  rpm -e xx --nodeps 卸载，卸载完了再检查一下，若确定删除干净后，在经行下面步骤。

3. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录

在这步之前一定要先确保你所建的用户以及用户组没有存在，要不然在后面的过程中会报错,删除时候要先删除用户在删除用户组名。

  # userdel mysql                                           # 删除用户
  # groupdel mysql                                          # 删除用户组名
  # mkdir /home/mysql                                       # 在home文件夹下创建文件夹mysql
  # mkdir /home/mysql/data                                  # 在mysql文件夹下创建文件夹data
  # groupadd mysql                                          # 创建一个名为mysql的用户组
  # useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql                   # 在用户组下创建用户

　　

4、解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz              # 解压文件
# cd mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64                            # 进入
# mv * /home/mysql                                                # 移动到之前我创建的mysql文件夹下。

5、初始化mysql数据库

# cd /home/mysql                                         # 进入安装目录
# ./bin/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data
[WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2015-11-10 02:09:23
[WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2015-11-10 02:09:23
[WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0
[Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0
[Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0
[Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。

# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0
[ERROR] Aborting

出现上面的错误是因为我们没有清空mysql的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：  

# cd /home/mysql/data                        # 进入安装目录下的data目录
# rm -fr *                                   # 清空数据
# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0
[Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0
[Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0
[Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢记上面的随机密码， 如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我们修改密码时需要用到。

6、检测下是否能启动mysql服务

# cd /home/mysql
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. OK!

这是正常的情况下。

刚刚我用的是/home/mysql为mysql的安装目录basedir， 则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：

# ./support-files/mysql.server start
./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安装包的默认安装目录为/usr/local/mysql， 这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们环境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：

# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
...
basedir=/home/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql/data
...
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
start Starting MySQL.. OK! 

注意：上面 basedir 以及datadir部分是手动改的，那么在命令中如何手动改，步骤

1、 按 键盘 i 键（insert）,然后就可以在你想要的位置编写了。
2、编辑完毕退出，esc键。
3、Shift键 加 ：（冒号键）退出编辑。
4、wq!   保存编辑

7、创建软链接

# ln -s /home/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

8、创建配置文件

下面的前3步操作过程中，可能会出错，如果有错就跳过，因为不同电脑的环境不一样，

1、将默认生成的my.cnf备份

# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

   如果这一步报错，没有关系，正常情况下是由于/ect文件夹下没有my.cnf锁引起的，创建一下就可以了，或者你不会创建 ， 直接使用 vim /ect/my.cnf 命令编辑 ，
然后直接退出编辑就可以，在执行这个命令就不会出错了，退出编辑命令  esc键  -> (shift键+ ：(冒号键) -> wq! ),然后在执行上面的命令就不会报错了。

2、进入mysql的安装目录支持文件目录

# cd /home/mysql/support-files

3、拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4、设置编码，可按需修改新的配置文件选项， 不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行. 
如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 设置编码为utf8以防乱码

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir = /home/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data

character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

有的时候使用这个命令后，前3步有问题的这里可能my.cnf文件是空的，这个不要紧，既然没有生成，那么你就自己编辑喽！具体编辑怎么实现就参照步骤6.

9、配置mysql服务开机自动启动

# cp /home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld      # 拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld                                      # 增加执行权限
# chkconfig --list mysqld                                           # 检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，
# chkconfig --add mysqld                                            # 如果没有就添加mysqld：
# chkconfig mysqld on                                               # 用这个命令设置开机启动：

如果在执行第一步就报错，则说明刚刚在第8步中配置出问题了，那你就重新设置一下

做完这步后再重新执行下上面的操作

如果后面的操作中出现以下的问题

这样就是电脑环境的问题了，你就直接把

10、mysql服务的启动/重启/停止

# service mysqld start                                               # 启动服务
# service mysqld restart                                             # 重启服务
# service mysqld stop                                                # 停止服务

11、初始化mysql用户root的密码

# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '**mjT,#x_5sW' password '123456' mysqladmin:                                         # 刚刚之前的初始密码
[Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id:	3
Current database:	mysql
Current user:	root@localhost
SSL:	Not in use
Current pager:	stdout
Using outfile:	''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:	5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:	10
Connection:	Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8
Db characterset:	utf8
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn. characterset:	utf8
UNIX socket:	/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:	1 hour 29 min 17 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 50 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 0.009
--------------

如果这一步完成不了的话，也就是修改不了密码的话，你也可以直接下面的方式先登录

如果上面两步都完成不了

root@s0:/home/mysql# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '946//EE=v!Ne' password '123456' mysqladmin:
Enter password:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed                           --不让你修改
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)'

　

root@s0:/home/mysql# find / -name mysql.sock
/tmp/mysql.sock
root@s0:/home/mysql# /home/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)           --输入之前的密码
root@s0:/home/mysql# /home/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.    --没有权限
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> \s

　　

　

但是如果不修改密码，不进每次登陆麻烦而且在执行一些操作会报一下错误

You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement    # 意思就是你必须重置你的密码在执行这个execute操作前

这里教大家用另外一种方式修改密码，这个是在已经登陆进去的情况下依次执行。

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');             # PASSWORD()里面的123456 是我设置的新密码，你也可以设置成你的密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1

12.更改一些编码

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:		2
Current database:	mysql
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8
Db     characterset:	latin1                   ---需要修改成你想要的编码
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn.  characterset:	utf8
UNIX socket:		/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:			27 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 43  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 136  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 129  Queries per second avg: 1.592
--------------

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                           |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database   | latin1                          |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                            |
| character_set_system     | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8;                     ----设置编码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                           |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database   | utf8                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                            |
| character_set_system     | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:		2
Current database:	mysql
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8
Db     characterset:	utf8
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn.  characterset:	utf8
UNIX socket:		/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:			3 min 28 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 52  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 137  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 130  Queries per second avg: 0.250
--------------

mysql>

　　

13. mysql远程授权

[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

　或者：

grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';　

如果不设置远程连接，用mysql数据库连接工具可是连接不上的哦！！！

14.用数据库连接工具来测试你刚刚的安装是不是成功了

首先要知道，远程连接的Linux系统的ip，确保本机已经能够ping通的情况下再连接。

注意哦：如果防火墙没有关闭的话有时候也是连接不上的，关闭防火墙一定是要在mysql服务启动后在关闭，如果在mysql服务启动前关闭，系统会在mysql服务启动后自动开启防火墙，这样还是连接不上。

到这里说明你的mysql安装成功了，是不是感觉特别简单啊！！！！