CentOS5.6下安装Oracle10G软件【保留报错经验】

CentOS5.6下安装Oracle10G

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*目标：在Centos系统下，安装Oracle10g软件

*步骤：

* 1、安装包

* 2、域名解析设置及网络配置

* 3、创建用户、组

* 4、配置内核參数、改动环境变量

* 5、设置shell限制

* 6、创建相关文件夹、赋权

* 7、远程图形化安装Oracle软件

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1、安装包

--挂载光盘

[root@localhost CentOS]#mount /dev/hdb /media
--通过df -h查看到相关文件夹，依实际情况挂载

--配置yum

[root@localhost CentOS]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
--进入到该文件夹下生成一个配置文件

[root@localhost CentOS]# ls

[root@localhost CentOS]# cp CentOS-Debuginfo.repo yum.repo --做一个拷贝

[root@localhost CentOS]# mv CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak

[root@localhost CentOS]#cp * /hylbak --将yum.repos.d下文件做一个备份

[root@localhost CentOS]#rm -rf Centos* --将无关文件删除

[root@localhost CentOS]#vi yum.repo

[debug]

name=CentOS-6 - Debuginfo

baseurl=file:///media
--此处光盘挂载到了media文件夹下

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6

[root@localhost CentOS]#yum install -y binutils-2.17.50.0.6
--举例：使用yum安装格式

[root@localhost CentOS]#rpm -q binutils-2.17.50.0.6
--举例：使用rpm查看软件包安装情况

--改动：不要按以下參考文档提示安装，第一次按其安装出错

--安装时须要使用下文改动的“黄色”标记安装方案

--保留第一次缺失安装包參考，引以为戒

--安装包缺失时參考例如以下文档所致

--下表为第一次安装，安装兴许发现出现包不全状况，对其包进行更正和补充，若实际安装採用之后的安装包方案，此处不做删除以示反例

安装包參考（提醒：不要按此安装，实际安装见后文）
參考文档提示安装包	实际通过光盘安装包
binutils-2.17.50.0.6	binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3	compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
elfutils-libelf-0.125	elfutils-libelf-0.137
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125	elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125	elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137
gcc-4.1.2	gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2	gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-common-2.5	glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5	glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5	glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18	kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214	ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1
libaio-0.3.106	libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106	libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2	libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2	libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5.x86_64
libstdc++-4.1.2	libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2	libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81	make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2	sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11(32 bit)	unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel	unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64
pdksh-5.2.14	pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5
numactl-0.9.8	numactl-0.9.8
libXp-1.0.0	libXp-1.0.0
libXp-devel-1.0.0	libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64、libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
libXau-devel-1.0.1	libXau-devel-1.0.1

--按错误參考安装包指令

yuminstall -y binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61elfutils-libelf-0.137 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5.x86_64libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1 unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64 pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5numactl-0.9.8 libXp-1.0.0
libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm libXau-devel-1.0.1

正确安装包方案（使用下面安装包流程，经过二次验证成功）

--使用下面安装包方案

--依据多次试验，运行例如以下指令，安装包

--安装经常使用软件

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install autoconf automake binutils-devel bisoncpp dos2unix ftp gcc gcc-c++ lrzsz python-devel

--安装 Oracle必需软件:

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install compat-db compat-db42 compat-db43 compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++ compatlibstdc++-33 glibc-* glibc-*.i686libXpm-*.i686 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6 libgcc_s.so.1 ksh libXp libaio-develnumactl numactl-devel
unixODBC unixODBC-devel

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

--验证安装包情况

[root@hyl yum.repos.d]# rpm -q glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64 compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.5-58

compat-db-4.2.52-5.1

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61

[root@hyl yum.repos.d]# rpm -q compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.1

compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.1

gcc-4.1.2-50.el5

gcc-c++-4.1.2-50.el5

pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5

openmotif-2.3.1-5.el5_5.1

sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5_5.1

2、域名解析设置及网络配置

[root@localhost CentOS]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

::1 localhost6.localdomain6localhost6

192.168.56.103 hyl

[root@localhost CentOS]# vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.56.103

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

HWADDR=08:00:27:29:DB:B2

ONBOOT=yes

[root@localhost CentOS]# service network restart

正在关闭接口 eth0： [确定]

关闭环回接口： [确定]

禁用 IPv4 包转送：net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

[确定]

弹出环回接口： [确定]

弹出界面 eth0： [确定]

[root@localhost CentOS]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

#HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

HOSTNAME=hyl

[root@localhost CentOS]# su -

3、创建用户、组

[root@hyl ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@hyl ~]# groupadd dba

[root@hyl ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@hyl ~]# passwd oracle

Changingpassword for user oracle.

New UNIXpassword: oracle

BADPASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retypenew UNIX password: oracle

passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@hyl ~]# id oracle

uid=501(oracle)gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

4、配置内核參数、改动环境变量

[root@hyl ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

加入：

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

"/etc/sysctl.conf" 43L, 1228C written

[root@hyl ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter= 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route= 0

kernel.sysrq= 0

kernel.core_uses_pid= 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1

kernel.msgmnb= 65536

kernel.msgmax= 65536

kernel.shmmax= 68719476736

kernel.shmall= 4294967296

kernel.shmmni= 4096

kernel.sem= 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max= 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 1024 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_max= 262144

--改动oracle用户的环境配置文件

--运行：su - oracle切换到oracle用户环境，然后编辑
.bash_profile文件，更改PATH的配置，同一时候在环境变量中添加NLS_LANG的配置

[root@hyl yum.repos.d]# su - oracle

[oracle@hyl ~]$ vi .bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=xcky

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

5、设置 shell 限制

--加入下面參数

[root@hyl ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

[root@hyl ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

--加入下面參数

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

[root@hyl ~]# vi /etc/profile
--加入下面參数

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL ="/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384-n 65536

--在/etc/profile文件里改动下面内容

ulimit –s –c 0 >/dev/null 2> &1 改动为

ulimit –s –c unlimited >/dev/null 2> &1

6、创建相关文件夹、赋权

[root@hyl ~]# mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle

[root@hyl ~]# mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

[root@hyl ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/u01/app/oracle

[root@hyl ~]# chmod -R 775 /home/u01/app/oracle

[oracle@hyl home]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/downloads

[root@hyl ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/downloads

--上传安装包

[root@hyl downloads]# zcat 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz |cpio -idmv > /dev/null 2>&1 --上传安装包后，解压安装包

[root@hyl install]# vi/home/oracle/downloads/database/install/oraparam.ini

--加入redhat-5例如以下所看到的

[Certified Versions]

Linux=redhat-5,redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2

7、远程图形化安装 Oracle 软件

--使用X-manager软件调用图形化界面，操作參考例如以下

$./runInstaller -X-manager下运行，出现乱码问题

--下面解决乱码问题

[root@hyl ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

#LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"

--按參看下图，输入export指令

--安装过程报错：Errorinvoking target ‘install’ of makefile

--改动：下面报错皆为第一次缺失包情况，若按上文改动后文档安装包，将不会出现例如以下报错

--保留报错截图，引以为戒

--rpm安装缺失的包

[root@hyl CentOS]# find -name "compat-libstdc*"

./compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm

./compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm

./compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm

[root@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或文件夹

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:compat-libstdc++-296 ###########################################[100%]

[root@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或文件夹

Preparing... ###########################################[100%]

packagecompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64 is already installed

[root@hyl CentOS]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm

warning:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key IDe8562897

error:failed to stat /media/CentOS_5.6_Final: 没有那个文件或文件夹

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

packagecompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386 is already installed

--尝试点击Retry继续

--再次报错：Error invokingtarget‘agent nmo nmb’of makefile

--使用yum安装例如以下包

glib-devel-1.2.10-20.el5 (i386)

glib-devel-1.2.10-20.el5 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.5-81.el5_8.2 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.5-81.el5_8.2 (i386)

--尝试点击Retry继续

--再次报错，尝试点击“Continue”继续

[root@hyl ~]# /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changingpermissions of /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.

Changinggroupname of /home/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

Theexecution of the script is complete

[root@hyl ~]# /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enterthe full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating/etc/oratab file...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

--软件安装结束，因为过程中报错，软件安装可能不成功，尝试启动dbca

$dbca --X-manager下无法启动dbca

--删除/home/oracle下oracle安装文件，又一次安装软件

--因为之前安装过程中，出现缺失包情况，又一次查阅官方文档，又一次安装和检查须要的包

位的安装包

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install glibc-devel.i386 glibc-devel.x86_64compat-db.i386 compat-db.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-296.i386compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

[root@hyl ~]# yum -y install compat-gcc-34.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 pdksh.x86_64 openmotif.i386openmotif.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64

--依照上文图形化安装oracle步骤，又一次安装oracle软件，直到运行脚本界面弹出，此时仅仅需跑一个脚本，例如以下图

[root@hyl /]# /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

RunningOracle10 root.sh script...

Thefollowing environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /home/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Enter thefull pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The file"dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]: y

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

The file"oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]: y

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

The file"coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]: y

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finishedrunning generic part of root.sh script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

--按提示，点击完毕结束oracle软件的安装

--经验证，此次安装oracle软件成功，已经能够dbca建库

说明：有关dbca建库，请关注兴许文章。

***********************************************声明************************************************

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