nginx 配置管理 - 简单也复杂

　　由于涉及到h5与后端交互，跨域问题，所以公司的开放测试服务器让我们自己搞nginx。顺便提升一下nginx的实践。

nginx的安装，没什么难度了，百度一堆，如果源码安装就一步步来吧。（最简单的方式：yum install nginx (centos), apt-get install nginx(ubuntu)）

nginx.conf，作为最外层的配置文件，主要设置一些基础的配置就好了，如内存配置，日志格式配置，线程配置等，最后使用一个include conf.d/* 将其他配置文件包含进来即可。

【nginx.conf 基础配置】

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /data/var/log/nginx/error.log debug;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  ;
}

# load modules compiled as Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)
#
#dso {
#    load ngx_http_fastcgi_module.so;
#    load ngx_http_rewrite_module.so;
#}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    autoindex off;
    server_tokens off;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size ;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers  32k;
    client_max_body_size 20m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout ;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout ;
    fastcgi_send_timeout ;
    fastcgi_read_timeout ;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
    fastcgi_buffers  256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level ;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers  16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/javascript;

    log_format main '$request_time $upstream_response_time $remote_addr - $upstream_addr [$time_local] '
    '"$host" "$request" $status $bytes_sent '
    '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio" "$http_x_forwarded_for" - "$server_addr" ';

    access_log /data/var/log/nginx/access.log main;

    include conf.d/*.conf;

}

【conf.d/*, 具体的域名配置，http://】

upstream 3ctest_x123_com {
    server 192.168.1.103:;
    keepalive ;
}
upstream mytest_x123_com {
    server 192.168.1.103:;
    keepalive ;
}
upstream 3capi_x123_com {
    server 192.168.1.103:;
    keepalive ;
}
upstream yhapi_x123_com {
    server 192.168.1.103:;
    keepalive ;
}

server {
        listen ;
        server_name 3ctest.x123.com;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://3ctest_x123_com;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_connect_timeout ;
                proxy_read_timeout ;
                proxy_send_timeout ;
        }
}

server {
        listen ;
        server_name mytest.x123.com;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://mytest_x123_com;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_connect_timeout ;
                proxy_read_timeout ;
                proxy_send_timeout ;
                }
}

server {
        listen ;
        server_name 3capi.x123.com;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://3capi_x123_com;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_connect_timeout ;
                proxy_read_timeout ;
                proxy_send_timeout ;
                }
}

server {
        listen ;
        server_name yhapi.x123.com;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://yhapi_x123_com;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_connect_timeout ;
                proxy_read_timeout ;
                proxy_send_timeout ;
                }
}

server {
        listen ;
        server_name 192.168.1.22;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://192.168.1.22;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_connect_timeout ;
                proxy_read_timeout ;
                proxy_send_timeout ;
        }
}

upstream 192.168.1.22 {
    server 192.168.1.22:;
    keepalive ;
}

【Https:// 配置】

server {
    listen        ssl;
    server_name  wx.mysite1.com;
    ssl         on;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl/mysite1.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl/mysite1.key;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:200m;
    ssl_session_timeout 20m;

    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1. TLSv1.;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4;

    location / {
        #proxy_set_header    Host              $http_host;

    #proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

    # online
        #proxy_redirect      http://192.168.1.22/  http://$http_host/;
        #proxy_pass          http://shmc.mysite1.com;

        #proxy_pass          http://192.168.1.22/;
        #index index.html;
        #root /data/www/;

#       if ( $cookie_COOKIE ~* "(.*)$") {
#                set $all_cookie $;
#        }
#        proxy_set_header Cookie "$http_cookie; node_id=018";

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
        proxy_pass          http://192.168.1.22;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }
}

server {
    listen       ;
    server_name  wx.mysite1.com;
    location / {
        proxy_set_header    Host              $host;
        # online
        #proxy_redirect      http://192.168.1.22/  http://$http_host/;
        #proxy_pass          http://shmc.mysite1.com;
        proxy_pass          http://192.168.1.22/;
        #index index.html;
        #root /data/www/;
    }
}

　　如上参考，应该可以解决大部分配置情况。

　　需要注意的是，nginx作为反向代理服务器，很多变量需要作特别转发，如ip地址，有问题可以先查看日志，如果语法错误，则不会被保存，这个比较好！

　　nginx作为负载均衡的重要软件，略加掌握总归是好的吧。

　　其实也不难，但是没有实战的谈话总是显得苍白无力！要做到好也不简单，一个简单的优化，可以让你的用户体验更好，服务器利用率更高，有得搞！

　　勉励吧诸君！