vue 的router的简易运用
1、vue router 的入门案例
- <!doctype html>
- <html lang="en">
- <head>
- <meta charset="UTF-8">
- <meta name="viewport"
- content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
- <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
- <title>Document</title>
- <style>
- </style>
- <script src="./lib/vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./lib/vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- window.onload = function () {
- let rout = new VueRouter({
- routes: [
- //传参时,注意是$route.params
- {
- path: '/user/:id', component: {
- template: '<div>this is user,id is {{$route.params.id}}</div>',
- beforeRouteUpdate(to, from, next) {
- console.log('to:', to);
- console.log(from);
- //如果没有next(),那么就不会往下走
- next();
- }
- }
- }
- ]
- });
- let VM = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router: rout,
- methods: {
- forward() {
- //前进
- this.$router.go(1);
- },
- backward() {
- //后退
- this.$router.go(-1);
- },
- push() {
- //跳转
- this.$router.push('/user/111');
- }
- }
- })
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <input type="button" value="前进" @click="forward">
- <input type="button" value="后退" @click="backward">
- <input type="button" value="跳转" @click="push"><br/>
- <router-link to="/user/111">user111</router-link>
- <router-link to="/user/222">user222</router-link>
- <router-link to="/user/333">user333</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
注意:在vuerouter里面用的component未必要在vue里面注册组件,可以独立的存在
2、子路由的使用
a、子路由使用一 => 在路由页面里面定义子路由
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <template id="first">
- <div>
- <h1>this is first</h1>
- <!--在这个子路由里面用的就是二级路径而不是全路径-->
- <router-link to="/">aaa</router-link>
- <router-link to="/bbb">bbb</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '#first'
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second</div>'
- };
- let fourth = {
- template: '<div>this is fourth</div>'
- };
- let fifth = {
- template: '<div>this is fifth</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {
- path: '/',
- component: first,
- children: [ //注意子路由里面children接收的是一个数组,并且里面的子路由不能够带'/'符号
- {path:'', component: fourth},
- {path: 'bbb', component: fifth}
- ]
- },
- {path: '/second', component: second}
- ];
- let router = new VueRouter({
- routes
- });
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router
- });
- </script>
- export default [
- {
- path: '/',
- name: 'home',
- component: Home
- },
- {
- path: '/about',
- name: 'about',
- component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "about" */ '../views/About.vue')
- },
- {
- path: '/check',
- component: check,
- redirect: '/second',
- children: [
- { path: '/first', component: first },
- { path: '/second', component: second }
- ]
- }
- ]
b、子路由的使用二 => 在路由页面外面定义子路由标签
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/first/aaa">aaa</router-link> <!--页面会转到first页面下的aaa标签,注意这里的写法-->
- <router-link to="/first/bbb">bbb</router-link> <!--页面会转到first页面下的bbb标签,注意这里的写法-->
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <template id="first">
- <div>
- <h1>this is first</h1>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '#first'
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second</div>'
- };
- let fourth = {
- template: '<div>this is fourth</div>'
- };
- let fifth = {
- template: '<div>this is fifth</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {
- path: '/first',
- component: first,
- children: [ //注意子路由里面children接收的是一个数组,并且里面的子路由不能够带'/'符号
- {path:'aaa', component: fourth},
- {path: 'bbb', component: fifth}
- ]
- },
- {path: '/second', component: second}
- ];
- let router = new VueRouter({
- routes
- });
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router
- });
- </script>
- </body>
3、路由参数的传递
路由接收参数需要用到$route,注意这里是$route而不是$router;
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <!-- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>传参可以用以下的写法-->
- <router-link :to="{name: 'aaa', params: {username: 'AAA', id: 123}}">first</router-link>
- <!--接收相应的数据用$route.name, $route.params.username或者$route.params.id-->
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content--{{$route.params.username}}---{{$route.params.id}} <input type="button" value="btn" @click="check"></div>',
- methods: {
- check() {
- console.group('相应的参数');
- console.log(this.$route.params.username, this.$route.params.id); //注意这里的this.$route要和this.$router区分开
- console.groupEnd();
- }
- }
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first', name: 'aaa', component: first},
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second}
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
通过url进行传值
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first/haha/123">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second/yes/111">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content, str的值为{{$route.params.str}}, id的值为{{$route.params.id}}</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first/:str/:id(\\d+)', name: 'aaa', component: first}, //当地址不完全匹配的时候不显示,只有完全匹配的时候会显示 #/first/haha/34
- {path: '/second/:str/:id', name: 'bbb', component: second} //如果需要添加正则匹配的时候,可以用(\\d+)或者其他方式进行添加
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
通过组件传值的方式传值
- {
- path: '/check',
- component: check,
- // redirect: '/first/yf',
- children: [
- { path: '/first/:name', name: 'first', component: first },
- { path: '/second', component: second }
- ],
- // props: true // 方式一 这种情况假如路由下是/check/:name, 那么会自动的把name进行组件传值的
- // props: { // 方式二
- // name: 'test'
- // },
- props: route => { // 方式三
- return { name: 'check' }
- }
- }
那么接收和组件的接收方式是一样的, 在路由的view中写如下代码进行接收
- export default {
- props: {
- name: {
- type: String,
- default: ''
- }
- },
- methods: {
- getName () {
- console.log(this.name);
- }
- }
- }
路由中还可以定义meta进行传值
4、单页面多路由区域
多个路由区域是指存在多个router-view的时候需要在router-view上声明name
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link :to="{name: 'aaa'}">first</router-link>
- <router-link :to="{name: 'bbb'}">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- <router-view name="part"></router-view> <!--存在多个router-view的时候要指定name-->
- <router-view name="block"></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first', name: 'aaa', components: {
- default: first, //指定默认的router-view的组件,即没有声明name的router-view
- part: second, //指定名字为part的router-view的组件
- block: first //指定名字为block的router-view的组件
- }
- },
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', components: {
- default: second,
- part: first,
- block: second
- }
- }
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
注意,当存在多个router-view的时候,里面的component需要转变为components
5、路由的重定向
正常的重定向,可以在route里面加配redirect这个配置,如果需要动态调用,可以用$router.push(路由),具体例子如下:
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first/haha/123">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second/yes/111">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content, str的值为{{$route.params.str}}, id的值为{{$route.params.id}}</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content <input type="button" value="btn" @click="check"></div>',
- methods: {
- check() {
- this.$router.push('/first/haha/111', function(router) {
- console.log(arguments); //动态的转到某个路由上,可以用push这个方法
- });
- }
- }
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first/:str/:id(\\d+)', name: 'aaa', component: first},
- {path: '/second/:str/:id', name: 'bbb', component: second, redirect: '/first/yu/111'}, //如果需要添加正则匹配的时候,可以用(\\d+)或者其他方式进行添加
- // {path: '/second/:str/:id', name: 'bbb', component: second, redirect: {name: 'aaa', params: {str: 'get', id: 111}}} //如果需要添加正则匹配的时候,可以用(\\d+)或者其他方式进行添加
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
6、alias 别名的用法
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/">first</router-link>
- <router-link :msg=msg to="/bill">bill</router-link> <!--利用别名进行跳转-->
- <router-link :msg=msg to="/haha">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content, str的值为{{$route.params.str}}, id的值为{{$route.params.id}}</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>',
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/', name: 'aaa', component: first, alias: '/haha'},
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second, alias: '/bill'}, //添加别名后,访问/bill可以跳转到/second这个路径下
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- data: {
- msg: 'this is msg'
- },
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
7、路由过渡动画
添加路由的过渡动画需要在router-view外层包一层的transition标签,如下例:
- <style>
- .fade-enter { /*进入过渡的开始状态,元素插入时生效,只应用一帧后立刻删除*/
- opacity: 0;
- }
- .fade-enter-active { /*进入过渡的结束状态,元素插入时生效,在过渡过程完成后删除*/
- transition: opacity 0.5s;
- }
- .fade-leave { /*离开过渡的开始状态,元素被删除时触发,只应用一帧后立刻删除*/
- opacity: 1;
- }
- .fade-leave-active { /*离开过渡的结束状态,元素被删除时生效,离开过渡完成后被删除*/
- opacity: 0;
- transition: opacity 0.5s
- }
- </style>
- </head>
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <transition name="fade" mode="out-in"> <!--默认的mode是in-out表示进入后,再删除-->
- <router-view></router-view>
- </transition>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>',
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first', name: 'aaa', component: first},
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second},
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- data: {
- msg: 'this is msg'
- },
- router: new VueRouter({routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
8、history模式与配置404页面
a、在配置路由后,访问路由的时候,在地址栏中会显示#相当符号,那么为了美观,可以选择另外一种显示方式history, router里的模式有hash与history,默认是hash
b、如果访问了未知页面,为了友好的用户体验,可以配置404页面
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>',
- };
- let error = {
- template: '<div>404, 没有找到相关的页面</div>'
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first', name: 'aaa', component: first},
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second},
- {path:'*', component: error} //配置404页面的时候,path为*号
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- data: {
- msg: 'this is msg'
- },
- router: new VueRouter({mode:'history', routes}) //注意使用history必需要在服务器的环境下进行配置,否则会报错
- });
- </script>
- </body>
9、路由中的钩子函数
有两种方式:一种方式,在component里面进行写beforeRouterEnter, beforeRouterLeave, 第二种方式, 在route里面定义相当的方法 beforeEnter,例子如下:
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>{{msg}}</div>',
- data: function() {
- return {
- 'msg': 'this is second content'
- }
- },
- //方法一, 写在component里面可以触发相应的钩子
- beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next){
- console.log('beforeRouteEnter', arguments);
- next()
- },
- beforeRouteLeave(to, from ,next) {
- console.log('beforeRouteLeave', arguments);
- next()
- }
- };
- //方法二:在router里面写钩子
- let routes = [
- {
- path: '/first', name: 'aaa', component: first, beforeEnter(to, from, next) {
- //to表示来的路由,from表示目标路由,next表示执行跳转的函数
- next(); //next表示执行跳转的动作,next里面接收一个参数,如果是true表示执行跳转,如果是false则表示不跳转
- }
- },
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second},
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- data: {
- msg: 'this is msg'
- },
- router: new VueRouter({mode: 'hash', routes}) //注意使用history必需要在服务器的环境下进行配置,否则会报错
- });
- </script>
- </body>
beforeEach可以做登录页面的跳转 router.beforeEach() => {}, next()的括号里可以传boolean 也可以传string, 也可以传route对象实例,如{ name: 'home' } 等
- let router = new VueRouter({ routes });
- router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
- if (to.name === 'about') {
- next({ name: 'home' })
- } else {
- next();
- }
- })
- export default router;
10、编程式导航
- <body>
- <div id="container">
- <div>
- <input type="button" value="前进" @click="forward">
- <input type="button" value="后退" @click="back">
- <input type="button" value="向后跳2" @click="skip">
- <input type="button" value="回首页" @click="gohome">
- </div>
- <router-link to="/first">first</router-link>
- <router-link to="/second">second</router-link>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- <script src="./vue.js"></script>
- <script src="./vue-router.js"></script>
- <script>
- let first = {
- template: '<div>this is first content</div>',
- };
- let second = {
- template: '<div>this is second content</div>',
- };
- let routes = [
- {path: '/first', name: 'aaa', component: first},
- {path: '/second', name: 'bbb', component: second},
- ];
- let app = new Vue({
- el: '#container',
- data: {
- msg: 'this is msg'
- },
- methods: {
- forward() {
- this.$router.forward(); //向前跳转
- },
- back() {
- this.$router.back(); //向后跳转
- },
- skip() {
- this.$router.go(-2); //跳转指定步数
- },
- gohome() {
- //push的两种写法
- // this.$router.push('/first').then(() => console.log('完成跳转')).catch(() => console.log('跳转失败')); //如果是replace的话,那么就不会生成记录
- this.$router.push({name: 'aaa'}, ()=> console.log('ok'), ()=> console.log('no'));
- }
- },
- router: new VueRouter({mode: 'hash', routes})
- });
- </script>
- </body>
11、如何配置页面刷新
配置redirect的路由
- {
- path: '/redirect',
- component: Layout, //如有外层框架
- hidden: true,
- children: [
- {
- path: '/redirect/:path*',
- component: () => import('@/views/redirect/index')
- }
- ]
- }
redirect组件内容
- <script>
- export default {
- created () {
- const { params, query } = this.$route
- const { path } = params
- this.$router.replace({ path: '/' + path, query })
- },
- render: h => h() //阻止警示信息
- }
- </script>
跳转:
- this.$router.replace({
- path: '/redirect' + fullPath
- })
注意:在router-view外围需要配置keep-alive如下
- <transition name="fade-transform" mode="out-in">
- <keep-alive :include="cachedViews">
- <router-view :key="key"></router-view>
- </keep-alive>
- </transition>
注意: keep-alive中有两个参数,include: 字符串或正则表达式。只有匹配的组件会被缓存。exclude: 字符串或正则表达式。任何匹配的组件都不会被缓存。
exclude优先级大于include,例子中的cachedViews的类型是Array<string>
- <keep-alive include="test-keep-alive">
- <!-- 将缓存name为test-keep-alive的组件 -->
- <component></component>
- </keep-alive>
- <keep-alive include="a,b">
- <!-- 将缓存name为a或者b的组件,结合动态组件使用 -->
- <component :is="view"></component>
- </keep-alive>
- <!-- 使用正则表达式,需使用v-bind -->
- <keep-alive :include="/a|b/">
- <component :is="view"></component>
- </keep-alive>
- <!-- 动态判断 -->
- <keep-alive :include="includedComponents">
- <router-view></router-view>
- </keep-alive>
- <keep-alive exclude="test-keep-alive">
- <!-- 将不缓存name为test-keep-alive的组件 -->
- <component></component>
- </keep-alive>
include
和 exclude
属性允许组件有条件地缓存。二者都可以用逗号分隔字符串、正则表达式或一个数组来表示:匹配首先检查组件自身的 name
选项,如果 name
选项不可用,则匹配它的局部注册名称 (父组件 components
选项的键值)。匿名组件不能被匹配。
也就相当于先匹配components里的name名字,所以取名的时候尽量与与过滤的一致
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