使用GDB调试STL容器

GDB中print方法并不能直接打印STL容器中保存的变量，想知道STL容器保存的变量，使用如下办法：

1. 创建文件~/.gdbinit：

#
#   STL GDB evaluators/views/utilities - 1.03
#
#   The new GDB commands:
# 	    are entirely non instrumental
# 	    do not depend on any "inline"(s) - e.g. size(), [], etc
#       are extremely tolerant to debugger settings
#
#   This file should be "included" in .gdbinit as following:
#   source stl-views.gdb or just paste it into your .gdbinit file
#
#   The following STL containers are currently supported:
#
#       std::vector<T> -- via pvector command
#       std::list<T> -- via plist or plist_member command
#       std::map<T,T> -- via pmap or pmap_member command
#       std::multimap<T,T> -- via pmap or pmap_member command
#       std::set<T> -- via pset command
#       std::multiset<T> -- via pset command
#       std::deque<T> -- via pdequeue command
#       std::stack<T> -- via pstack command
#       std::queue<T> -- via pqueue command
#       std::priority_queue<T> -- via ppqueue command
#       std::bitset<n> -- via pbitset command
#       std::string -- via pstring command
#       std::widestring -- via pwstring command
#
#   The end of this file contains (optional) C++ beautifiers
#   Make sure your debugger supports $argc
#
#   Simple GDB Macros writen by Dan Marinescu (H-PhD) - License GPL
#   Inspired by intial work of Tom Malnar,
#     Tony Novac (PhD) / Cornell / Stanford,
#     Gilad Mishne (PhD) and Many Many Others.
#   Contact: dan_c_marinescu@yahoo.com (Subject: STL)
#
#   Modified to work with g++ 4.3 by Anders Elton
#   Also added _member functions, that instead of printing the entire class in map, prints a member.

#
# std::vector<>
#

define pvector
	if $argc == 0
		help pvector
	else
		set $size = $arg0._M_impl._M_finish - $arg0._M_impl._M_start
		set $capacity = $arg0._M_impl._M_end_of_storage - $arg0._M_impl._M_start
		set $size_max = $size - 1
	end
	if $argc == 1
		set $i = 0
		while $i < $size
			printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
			p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $i)
			set $i++
		end
	end
	if $argc == 2
		set $idx = $arg1
		if $idx < 0 || $idx > $size_max
			printf "idx1, idx2 are not in acceptable range: [0..%u].\n", $size_max
		else
			printf "elem[%u]: ", $idx
			p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $idx)
		end
	end
	if $argc == 3
	  set $start_idx = $arg1
	  set $stop_idx = $arg2
	  if $start_idx > $stop_idx
	    set $tmp_idx = $start_idx
	    set $start_idx = $stop_idx
	    set $stop_idx = $tmp_idx
	  end
	  if $start_idx < 0 || $stop_idx < 0 || $start_idx > $size_max || $stop_idx > $size_max
	    printf "idx1, idx2 are not in acceptable range: [0..%u].\n", $size_max
	  else
	    set $i = $start_idx
		while $i <= $stop_idx
			printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
			p *($arg0._M_impl._M_start + $i)
			set $i++
		end
	  end
	end
	if $argc > 0
		printf "Vector size = %u\n", $size
		printf "Vector capacity = %u\n", $capacity
		printf "Element "
		whatis $arg0._M_impl._M_start
	end
end

document pvector
	Prints std::vector<T> information.
	Syntax: pvector <vector> <idx1> <idx2>
	Note: idx, idx1 and idx2 must be in acceptable range [0..<vector>.size()-1].
	Examples:
	pvector v - Prints vector content, size, capacity and T typedef
	pvector v 0 - Prints element[idx] from vector
	pvector v 1 2 - Prints elements in range [idx1..idx2] from vector
end 

#
# std::list<>
#

define plist
	if $argc == 0
		help plist
	else
		set $head = &$arg0._M_impl._M_node
		set $current = $arg0._M_impl._M_node._M_next
		set $size = 0
		while $current != $head
			if $argc == 2
				printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
				p *($arg1*)($current + 1)
			end
			if $argc == 3
				if $size == $arg2
					printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
					p *($arg1*)($current + 1)
				end
			end
			set $current = $current._M_next
			set $size++
		end
		printf "List size = %u \n", $size
		if $argc == 1
			printf "List "
			whatis $arg0
			printf "Use plist <variable_name> <element_type> to see the elements in the list.\n"
		end
	end
end

document plist
	Prints std::list<T> information.
	Syntax: plist <list> <T> <idx>: Prints list size, if T defined all elements or just element at idx
	Examples:
	plist l - prints list size and definition
	plist l int - prints all elements and list size
	plist l int 2 - prints the third element in the list (if exists) and list size
end

define plist_member
	if $argc == 0
		help plist_member
	else
		set $head = &$arg0._M_impl._M_node
		set $current = $arg0._M_impl._M_node._M_next
		set $size = 0
		while $current != $head
			if $argc == 3
				printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
				p (*($arg1*)($current + 1)).$arg2
			end
			if $argc == 4
				if $size == $arg3
					printf "elem[%u]: ", $size
					p (*($arg1*)($current + 1)).$arg2
				end
			end
			set $current = $current._M_next
			set $size++
		end
		printf "List size = %u \n", $size
		if $argc == 1
			printf "List "
			whatis $arg0
			printf "Use plist_member <variable_name> <element_type> <member> to see the elements in the list.\n"
		end
	end
end

document plist_member
	Prints std::list<T> information.
	Syntax: plist <list> <T> <idx>: Prints list size, if T defined all elements or just element at idx
	Examples:
	plist_member l int member - prints all elements and list size
	plist_member l int member 2 - prints the third element in the list (if exists) and list size
end

#
# std::map and std::multimap
#

define pmap
	if $argc == 0
		help pmap
	else
		set $tree = $arg0
		set $i = 0
		set $node = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header._M_left
		set $end = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header
		set $tree_size = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_node_count
		if $argc == 1
			printf "Map "
			whatis $tree
			printf "Use pmap <variable_name> <left_element_type> <right_element_type> to see the elements in the map.\n"
		end
		if $argc == 3
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
				p *($arg1*)$value
				set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
				printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
				p *($arg2*)$value
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
		end
		if $argc == 4
			set $idx = $arg3
			set $ElementsFound = 0
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				if *($arg1*)$value == $idx
					printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
					p *($arg1*)$value
					set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
					printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
					p *($arg2*)$value
					set $ElementsFound++
				end
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
			printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
		end
		if $argc == 5
			set $idx1 = $arg3
			set $idx2 = $arg4
			set $ElementsFound = 0
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				set $valueLeft = *($arg1*)$value
				set $valueRight = *($arg2*)($value + sizeof($arg1))
				if $valueLeft == $idx1 && $valueRight == $idx2
					printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
					p $valueLeft
					printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
					p $valueRight
					set $ElementsFound++
				end
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
			printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
		end
		printf "Map size = %u\n", $tree_size
	end
end

document pmap
	Prints std::map<TLeft and TRight> or std::multimap<TLeft and TRight> information. Works for std::multimap as well.
	Syntax: pmap <map> <TtypeLeft> <TypeRight> <valLeft> <valRight>: Prints map size, if T defined all elements or just element(s) with val(s)
	Examples:
	pmap m - prints map size and definition
	pmap m int int - prints all elements and map size
	pmap m int int 20 - prints the element(s) with left-value = 20 (if any) and map size
	pmap m int int 20 200 - prints the element(s) with left-value = 20 and right-value = 200 (if any) and map size
end

define pmap_member
	if $argc == 0
		help pmap_member
	else
		set $tree = $arg0
		set $i = 0
		set $node = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header._M_left
		set $end = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header
		set $tree_size = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_node_count
		if $argc == 1
			printf "Map "
			whatis $tree
			printf "Use pmap <variable_name> <left_element_type> <right_element_type> to see the elements in the map.\n"
		end
		if $argc == 5
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
				p (*($arg1*)$value).$arg2
				set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
				printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
				p (*($arg3*)$value).$arg4
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
		end
		if $argc == 6
			set $idx = $arg5
			set $ElementsFound = 0
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				if *($arg1*)$value == $idx
					printf "elem[%u].left: ", $i
					p (*($arg1*)$value).$arg2
					set $value = $value + sizeof($arg1)
					printf "elem[%u].right: ", $i
					p (*($arg3*)$value).$arg4
					set $ElementsFound++
				end
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
			printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
		end
		printf "Map size = %u\n", $tree_size
	end
end

document pmap_member
	Prints std::map<TLeft and TRight> or std::multimap<TLeft and TRight> information. Works for std::multimap as well.
	Syntax: pmap <map> <TtypeLeft> <TypeRight> <valLeft> <valRight>: Prints map size, if T defined all elements or just element(s) with val(s)
	Examples:
	pmap_member m class1 member1 class2 member2 - prints class1.member1 : class2.member2
	pmap_member m class1 member1 class2 member2 lvalue - prints class1.member1 : class2.member2 where class1 == lvalue
end

#
# std::set and std::multiset
#

define pset
	if $argc == 0
		help pset
	else
		set $tree = $arg0
		set $i = 0
		set $node = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header._M_left
		set $end = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_header
		set $tree_size = $tree._M_t._M_impl._M_node_count
		if $argc == 1
			printf "Set "
			whatis $tree
			printf "Use pset <variable_name> <element_type> to see the elements in the set.\n"
		end
		if $argc == 2
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
				p *($arg1*)$value
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
		end
		if $argc == 3
			set $idx = $arg2
			set $ElementsFound = 0
			while $i < $tree_size
				set $value = (void *)($node + 1)
				if *($arg1*)$value == $idx
					printf "elem[%u]: ", $i
					p *($arg1*)$value
					set $ElementsFound++
				end
				if $node._M_right != 0
					set $node = $node._M_right
					while $node._M_left != 0
						set $node = $node._M_left
					end
				else
					set $tmp_node = $node._M_parent
					while $node == $tmp_node._M_right
						set $node = $tmp_node
						set $tmp_node = $tmp_node._M_parent
					end
					if $node._M_right != $tmp_node
						set $node = $tmp_node
					end
				end
				set $i++
			end
			printf "Number of elements found = %u\n", $ElementsFound
		end
		printf "Set size = %u\n", $tree_size
	end
end

document pset
	Prints std::set<T> or std::multiset<T> information. Works for std::multiset as well.
	Syntax: pset <set> <T> <val>: Prints set size, if T defined all elements or just element(s) having val
	Examples:
	pset s - prints set size and definition
	pset s int - prints all elements and the size of s
	pset s int 20 - prints the element(s) with value = 20 (if any) and the size of s
end

#
# std::dequeue
#

define pdequeue
	if $argc == 0
		help pdequeue
	else
		set $size = 0
		set $start_cur = $arg0._M_impl._M_start._M_cur
		set $start_last = $arg0._M_impl._M_start._M_last
		set $start_stop = $start_last
		while $start_cur != $start_stop
			p *$start_cur
			set $start_cur++
			set $size++
		end
		set $finish_first = $arg0._M_impl._M_finish._M_first
		set $finish_cur = $arg0._M_impl._M_finish._M_cur
		set $finish_last = $arg0._M_impl._M_finish._M_last
		if $finish_cur < $finish_last
			set $finish_stop = $finish_cur
		else
			set $finish_stop = $finish_last
		end
		while $finish_first != $finish_stop
			p *$finish_first
			set $finish_first++
			set $size++
		end
		printf "Dequeue size = %u\n", $size
	end
end

document pdequeue
	Prints std::dequeue<T> information.
	Syntax: pdequeue <dequeue>: Prints dequeue size, if T defined all elements
	Deque elements are listed "left to right" (left-most stands for front and right-most stands for back)
	Example:
	pdequeue d - prints all elements and size of d
end

#
# std::stack
#

define pstack
	if $argc == 0
		help pstack
	else
		set $start_cur = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_start._M_cur
		set $finish_cur = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_finish._M_cur
		set $size = $finish_cur - $start_cur
        set $i = $size - 1
        while $i >= 0
            p *($start_cur + $i)
            set $i--
        end
		printf "Stack size = %u\n", $size
	end
end

document pstack
	Prints std::stack<T> information.
	Syntax: pstack <stack>: Prints all elements and size of the stack
	Stack elements are listed "top to buttom" (top-most element is the first to come on pop)
	Example:
	pstack s - prints all elements and the size of s
end

#
# std::queue
#

define pqueue
	if $argc == 0
		help pqueue
	else
		set $start_cur = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_start._M_cur
		set $finish_cur = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_finish._M_cur
		set $size = $finish_cur - $start_cur
        set $i = 0
        while $i < $size
            p *($start_cur + $i)
            set $i++
        end
		printf "Queue size = %u\n", $size
	end
end

document pqueue
	Prints std::queue<T> information.
	Syntax: pqueue <queue>: Prints all elements and the size of the queue
	Queue elements are listed "top to bottom" (top-most element is the first to come on pop)
	Example:
	pqueue q - prints all elements and the size of q
end

#
# std::priority_queue
#

define ppqueue
	if $argc == 0
		help ppqueue
	else
		set $size = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_finish - $arg0.c._M_impl._M_start
		set $capacity = $arg0.c._M_impl._M_end_of_storage - $arg0.c._M_impl._M_start
		set $i = $size - 1
		while $i >= 0
			p *($arg0.c._M_impl._M_start + $i)
			set $i--
		end
		printf "Priority queue size = %u\n", $size
		printf "Priority queue capacity = %u\n", $capacity
	end
end

document ppqueue
	Prints std::priority_queue<T> information.
	Syntax: ppqueue <priority_queue>: Prints all elements, size and capacity of the priority_queue
	Priority_queue elements are listed "top to buttom" (top-most element is the first to come on pop)
	Example:
	ppqueue pq - prints all elements, size and capacity of pq
end

#
# std::bitset
#

define pbitset
	if $argc == 0
		help pbitset
	else
        p /t $arg0._M_w
	end
end

document pbitset
	Prints std::bitset<n> information.
	Syntax: pbitset <bitset>: Prints all bits in bitset
	Example:
	pbitset b - prints all bits in b
end

#
# std::string
#

define pstring
	if $argc == 0
		help pstring
	else
		printf "String \t\t\t= \"%s\"\n", $arg0._M_data()
		printf "String size/length \t= %u\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_length
		printf "String capacity \t= %u\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_capacity
		printf "String ref-count \t= %d\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_refcount
	end
end

document pstring
	Prints std::string information.
	Syntax: pstring <string>
	Example:
	pstring s - Prints content, size/length, capacity and ref-count of string s
end 

#
# std::wstring
#

define pwstring
	if $argc == 0
		help pwstring
	else
		call printf("WString \t\t= \"%ls\"\n", $arg0._M_data())
		printf "WString size/length \t= %u\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_length
		printf "WString capacity \t= %u\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_capacity
		printf "WString ref-count \t= %d\n", $arg0._M_rep()._M_refcount
	end
end

document pwstring
	Prints std::wstring information.
	Syntax: pwstring <wstring>
	Example:
	pwstring s - Prints content, size/length, capacity and ref-count of wstring s
end 

#
# C++ related beautifiers (optional)
#

set print pretty on
set print object on
set print static-members on
set print vtbl on
set print demangle on
set demangle-style gnu-v3
set print sevenbit-strings off

2.若正处于gdb中，运行命令: (gdb)source ~/.gdbinit

例如，如下代码：bugging.cpp

#include<vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    vector <int> vec;
    vec.push_back(2);
    vec.push_back(3);
    vec.push_back(4);
    return 0;
}

编译：g++ -o bugging -g bugging.cpp

gdb 调试：

想知道STL容器中保存的变量，命令汇总：

Data type	GDB command
std::vector<T>	pvector stl_variable
std::list<T>	plist stl_variable T
std::map<T,T>	pmap stl_variable
std::multimap<T,T>	pmap stl_variable
std::set<T>	pset stl_variable T
std::multiset<T>	pset stl_variable
std::deque<T>	pdequeue stl_variable
std::stack<T>	pstack stl_variable
std::queue<T>	pqueue stl_variable
std::priority_queue<T>	ppqueue stl_variable
std::bitset<n>td>	pbitset stl_variable
std::string	pstring stl_variable
std::widestring	pwstring stl_variable