安装Caffe纪实

第一章 引言

在ubuntu16.04安装caffe，几乎折腾了一个月终于成功;做一文章做纪要，以便日后查阅。总体得出的要点是：首先，每操作一步，必须知道如何检验操作的正确性;笔者的多次失误是因为配置错误，但疏于检查引起;当然有些错误是ubuntu本身的bug;笔者不知，只能来来回回‘鬼打墙’直到某日发现;另一个经验只谈是对每一个支撑尽量知道它是用来干什么的，多百度几下没有坏处;最后一个经验是，对系统的基本结构要要框架了解，比如，通过apt-get的软件放在哪里，通过make install的软件又放在哪里;还有，编译的时候各种文件支持和路径支持在什么地方，这些诸多要素只能是点点滴滴积累。

本次安装目标：

1）保证是GPU版本的;

2）保证对Python支持;

第二章 安装ubuntu16-0-4

2.1 安装

这个过程基本没啥说的，有三个要点;

1）需要选择中文（否则就等着重装吧！）;

2）要有WIFI先连上，这样省点时间;

3）安装好以后，进入系统; 立刻执行

>>>sudo apt-get update

>>>sudo apt-get upgrade

2.2 可能出现的出错提示和解决

出现：AppStream cache update completed, but some metadata was ignored due to errors;或

error message due to invalid AppStream file

这是ubuntu本身的bug，参考文;笔者是通过更换数据源反复执行sudo
apt-get update和sudo
apt-get upgrade完成,注意，这步很重要，很多编译错误从这里产生。

出现：

下列软件包的版本将保持不变：
 
gnome-software gnome-software-common liboxideqt-qmlplugin
liboxideqtcore0
  liboxideqtquick0 oxideqt-codecs snapd
ubuntu-core-launcher ubuntu-software
升级了
0
个软件包，新安装了
0
个软件包，要卸载
0
个软件包，有
9
个软件包未被升级

解决：sudo
apt-get install gnome-software

sudo
apt-getinstall
liboxideqt-qmlplugin

sudo
apt-get install
snapd

一般不必装9个就可以，因为互相依赖，每装一个，同时将依赖包装好。

2.3安装质量检验

sudo
apt-get update

sudo
apt-get upgrade

最后出现下面提示就OK了：

升级了
0
个软件包，新安装了
0
个软件包，要卸载
0
个软件包，有
0
个软件包未被升级，

到此，ubuntu安装成功！

第三章 安装Nvidia驱动程序，让屏幕绚起来

3.1
安装英伟达驱动

　  
sudo
add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa   
（回车后继续）
　　 
sudo
apt-get update
　　 
sudo
apt-get install nvidia-367
  　 
sudo
apt-get install mesa-common-dev
　　 
sudo
apt-get install freeglut3-dev

3.2
重新启动操作系统

之后重启系统让GTX1060显卡驱动生效 。

进入全新界面，立刻执行

sudo
apt-get update 和
sudo
apt-get upgrade  这一对指令。

3.3
安装质量检验

1检查指令：

运行：nvidia-smi
和nvidia-settings
分别看到效果;

**
Message: PRIME: No offloading required. Abort

**
Message: PRIME: is it supported? No

这种提示属于正常。

2
检查程序;测试OpenGL：

#include
<GL/glut.h>

void
init(void)

{

glClearColor(0.0,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glOrtho(-5,
5, -5, 5, 5, 15);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

gluLookAt(0,
0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);

return;

}

void
display(void)

{

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

glColor3f(1.0,
0, 0);

glutWireTeapot(3);

glFlush();

return;

}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

glutInit(&argc,
argv);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB
| GLUT_SINGLE);

glutInitWindowPosition(0,
0);

glutInitWindowSize(300,
300);

glutCreateWindow("OpenGL
3D View");

init();

glutDisplayFunc(display);

glutMainLoop();

return
0;

}

编译程序：gcc
-o test test.c -lGL -lGLU -lglut

test：执行后显示窗口。

3.4
另一法--安装Nvidia显卡驱动

首先，禁用可能导致问题的开源驱动，编辑/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf；

sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

添加以下内容：

blacklist amd76x_edac
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv

卸载干净所有安装过的nvidia驱动；

sudo apt-get remove  --purge nvidia-*

执行以下命令添加驱动源；

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

sudo apt-get update

以下步骤建议Ctrl+Alt+F1切换到tty1执行；

sudo service lightdm stop

sudo apt-get install nvidia-375 nvidia-settings nvidia-prime
sudo nvidia-xconfig

sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev         //安装缺少的库
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev 

sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo reboot

重启应该就不会遇到循环登录的问题；

第四章 安装cuda8.0

4.1
下载安装cuda8.0

下载
cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-8-0-local_8.0.44-1_amd64.deb

将它存入目录/home/tmp，并进入>>>cd /home/tmp,接着执行：

>>>sudo
dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-8-0-local_8.0.44-1_amd64.deb

>>>sudo
apt-get update

>>>sudo
apt-get install cuda

4.2
配置cuda环境

配置环境变量1:

执行

>>>
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

进入gedit编辑器，在文件的尾部,加入：

export
PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin:$PATH"

export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

更周全的写法是：

if 
[ ! -n "$PATH" ] ;then
                             
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin"
                        
else
                              
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin:$PATH"
                       
fi

if  [ ! -n "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" ]
;then
                                 
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64"
                      
else
                                 
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
                       
fi

存盘退出;执行：

>>>
source ~/.bashrc

(此处最好用
echo
$PATH echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 检查一下有没有错误，非常重要!!)

配置环境变量2:
                 
执行：

>>>
sudo gedit /etc/profile
                  
在打开的文件末尾加入：
                       
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"     
(等号后不可有空格)

更严密的写法：

if 
[ ! -n "$PATH" ] ;then
                 
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin"
          
else
                 
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"
            
fi

创造链接:
                  
>>> sudo gedit
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf
在打开的文件末尾加入：(此时为空文件)

/usr/local/cuda/lib64

然后执行：

>>>
sudo ldconfig

4.3检查cuda的安装

进入cuda的安装路径，

>>>
cd /usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery

编译：

>>>
sudo   make

>>>
sudo   ./deviceQuery   （执行编译后的测试程序）

显示：

一整屏幕的信息;最后一句是：

       Result = PASS

此时说明cuda安装成功，因为后面的操作可能破坏cuda，操作前后经常检查cuda是否OK.

第五章
安装CUDNN5.1和python

5.1安装cudnn部分

下载cudnn，费时很长，建议下载后保存。

解压：

tar
-zxvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz   

此步骤后，生成cuda目录;

进入cuda后，有include
和
lib64
两个子目录
。进入include目录：

    sudo
cp cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/
#复制头文件

退出include;

进入lib64目录：

            sudo cp lib* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/    #复制动态链接库
进入目标目录：

 cd /usr/local/cuda/lib64/
修改文件软链接：
sudo rm -rf libcudnn.so libcudnn.so.5    #删除原有动态文件
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5.1.5 libcudnn.so.5  #生成软衔接
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5 libcudnn.so      #生成软链接
(源目录中有两个软链接，libcudnn.so libcudnn.so.5，将他们删除，建立你具体版本5.1.5的软链接)
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*    
给所有用户增加这些文件的读权限;

5.2升级python部分

1 基本python升级

因为ubuntu16已经默认安装了python，所以，出于用python开发的目的，现将必须的python的相关包安装;除此之外，需要将IDE开发平台pycharm安装进去;

sudo apt-get install python-numpy

sudo apt-get install python-scipy

sudo apt-get install python-pandas

sudo apt-get install python-sklean

(sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

sudo apt-get install python-statsmodels此二者自然装好了)

2基本pycharm升级

按照官网给出的安装指导【2】进行安装。

进入下载目录：

$ cd Downloads/

解压：

$ tar xfz pycharm-*.tar.gz

删除原压缩文件：

$ rm  pycharm-*.tar.gz

进入执行文件目录：

$ cd pycharm-community-3.4.1/bin/

执行安装

$
./pycharm.sh

3测试python的环境

from pylab import *
X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, , endpoint=True)
C, S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)
plot(X, C)
plot(X, S)
show()

第六章 关于OPENCV

opencv可能偶然装上了，但是编译opencv可以检查整个系统的配置过程是否正确，这里先编译opencv3.1以验证环境的正确与否。也就说这里将能否编译通过opencv作为测试本机工作环境的标尺。可以发现，通过安装opencv的支持包，发现系统有许多支持包没有搭建完成。

sudo dpkg --purge cuda-repo-ubuntu1504-7-5-local

6.1 检查opencv

经过上面的安装，opencv可能已经附带安装好，检查如下：

apt-cache search opencv

6.2安装opencv所需的库（编译器、必须库、可选库）

转载请说明 http://www.cnblogs.com/llxrl/p/4471831.html

• GCC 4.4.x or later

• CMake 2.6 or higher

• Git

• GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)

• pkg-config

• Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)

• ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev

• [optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev

• [optional] libdc1394 2.x

• [optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev

 [compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
 [required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
 [optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394--dev

sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev  libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip

6.3编译opencv

从官网下载最新opencv源码（2.4以上）http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

将opencv放至任意目录/home/myname/tmp，

unzip opencv- 3.0. 0-rc1. zip

cd opencv- 3.0. 0

修改modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp文件：

sudo gedit /tmp/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp

将：

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER)|

改成：

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER)||(CUDART_VERSION>=8000)

存盘退出。

创建编译目录：

mkdir release
cd release

编译：

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON  ..
make -j4

sudo make install

6,4测试opencv

1) 创建工作目录

mkdir ~/opencv-lena
cd ~/opencv-lena
gedit DisplayImage.cpp

2) 编辑如下代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv )
{
if ( argc !=  )
        {
                printf("usage: DisplayImage.out <Image_Path>\n");
return -;
        }
        Mat image;
        image = imread( argv[],  );
if ( !image.data )
        {
                printf("No image data \n");
return -;
        }
        namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
        imshow("Display Image", image);
        waitKey();
return ;
}

3) 创建CMake编译文件

gedit CMakeLists.txt

写入如下内容

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project( DisplayImage )
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
add_executable( DisplayImage DisplayImage.cpp )
target_link_libraries( DisplayImage ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

4) 编译

cd ~/opencv-lena
cmake .
make

5) 执行

此时opencv-lena文件夹中已经产生了可执行文件DisplayImage，下载lena.jpg放在opencv-lena下，运行

./DisplayImage lena.jpg

6) 结果

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" alt="" name="图像1" width="200" height="225" align="bottom" border="0" />

第七章python和opencv的关系

7.1 在python调用opencv

opencv和python基本独立，但是，为了在python下调用opencv，在opencv编译的时候，就多出一项cv2.so这个库，将这个库移到python的外部包路径上/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages，就可以调用opencv了

ubuntu系统默认安装了python，为了建立opencv和python的关系，使python能够使用opencv，则必须安装cv2库，有如下安装：

sudo apt-get install python-opencv

这样python目录下多出一个：

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cv2.x86_64-linux-gnu.so

建立软链接：

cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

sudo ln -s cv2.x86_64-linux-gnu.so cv2.so

在python中可以import cv2进行调用了。

7.2
在caffe环境中，python的支撑包

去caffe的github下载caffe源码包,
进入caffe-master下的python目录.执行如下命令:

cat requirements.txt

Cython>=0.19.2

numpy>=1.7.1

scipy>=0.13.2

scikit-image>=0.9.3

matplotlib>=1.3.1

ipython>=3.0.0

h5py>=2.2.0

leveldb>=0.191

networkx>=1.8.1

nose>=1.3.0

pandas>=0.12.0

python-dateutil>=1.4,<2

protobuf>=2.5.0

python-gflags>=2.0

pyyaml>=3.10

Pillow>=2.3.0

six>=1.1.0

以上包还有它们的依赖，需要以下操作安装：

     for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done 
由于依赖包存在先后顺序，首次操作某些包的依赖排在该包的后面安装，因而该包安装无法完成;遇到这种情况让它继续进行，当安装完成后;再次执行该指令，直到全部安装完成;一般需要重复执行两次以上才能完成。

第八章
安装编译Caffe

8.1
安装caffe基本依赖

sudo
apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y
build-essential

sudo
apt-get install -y cmake

sudo
apt-get install -y git

sudo
apt-get install -y pkg-config

sudo
apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y libleveldb-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y libsnappy-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y libhdf5-serial-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install -y
libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install -y
--no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install
-y libgflags-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y libgoogle-glog-dev

sudo
apt-get install -y liblmdb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y
python-pip
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get
install -y python-numpy

sudo
apt-get install -y python-scipy
sudo apt-get install -y
libopencv-dev

以上安装除了Python相关的，要保证全部成功，必要时可以修改下载源文件，笔者用阿里源成功。

8.2安装caffe基本依赖

终于来到这里了!进入caffe-master目录，复制一份Makefile.config.examples

执行：

cp 
Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

sudo
gedit Makefile.config

##
Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html

#
Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

#
cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).

USE_CUDNN
:= 1

#
CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).

#
CPU_ONLY := 1

#
uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers

#
USE_OPENCV := 0

#
USE_LEVELDB := 0

#
USE_LMDB := 0

#
uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if
necessary)

# You
should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any

# possibility
of simultaneous read and write

#
ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1

#
Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3

#
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

#
To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the
following.

#
N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++

#
CUSTOM_CXX := g++

#
CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.

CUDA_DIR
:= /usr/local/cuda

#
On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via

#
"sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this
instead:

#
CUDA_DIR := /usr

#
CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.

#
For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility.

CUDA_ARCH
:= -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \

-gencode
arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \

-gencode
arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \

-gencode
arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \

-gencode
arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \

-gencode
arch=compute_50,code=compute_50

#
BLAS choice:

#
atlas for ATLAS (default)

#
mkl for MKL

#
open for OpenBlas

BLAS
:= atlas

#
Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.

#
Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS

#
(which should work)!

#
BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas

#
BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas

#
Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard
search path

#
BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include

#
BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib

#
This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.

#
MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.

#
MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local

#
MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

#
NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.

#
We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.

PYTHON_INCLUDE
:= /usr/include/python2.7 \

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

#
Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:

#
Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.

#
ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda

#
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \

#
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \

#
$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \

#
Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)

#
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m

#
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \

#
/usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

#
We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.

PYTHON_LIB
:= /usr/lib

#
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

#
Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)

#
PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core;
print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include

#
PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib

#
Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against
Python libs)

#
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

#
Whatever else you find you need goes here.

#old：INCLUDE_DIRS
:= $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include

#old：LIBRARY_DIRS
:= $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib

INCLUDE_DIRS
:= $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial

LIBRARY_DIRS
:= $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial

#
If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your
home directory) and you use it for general dependencies

#
INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include

#
LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib

#
Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.

#
(Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in
one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)

#
USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

#
N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`

BUILD_DIR
:= build

DISTRIBUTE_DIR
:= distribute

#
Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171

#
DEBUG := 1

#
The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.

TEST_GPUID
:= 0

#
enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)

Q
?= @

8.3编译

>>>
make all -j4

cd
caffe-master //此时位置应该处于caffe文件夹下

>>>make
all -j4             
// j4代表计算机cpu有4个核，因此可以多线程一起make，这样make的速度会快很多。

>>>make
runtest
-j4 // 检测编译项目

[
OK ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestBackwardEltwiseInPlace (0 ms)

[
RUN ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestForwardBroadcastMiddleInPlace

[
OK ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestForwardBroadcastMiddleInPlace (0
ms)

[
RUN ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestBackwardBroadcastMiddleInPlace

[
OK ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestBackwardBroadcastMiddleInPlace (0
ms)

[
RUN ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestGradientBroadcastBegin

[
OK ] BiasLayerTest/1.TestGradientBroadcastBegin (67 ms)

[----------]
20 tests from BiasLayerTest/1 (551 ms total)

[----------]
Global test environment tear-down

[==========]
2085 tests from 277 test cases ran. (321710 ms total)

[
PASSED ] 2085 tests.

>>>make
pycaffe             
// 如果以后用python来开发的话必须执行这一句，

yan@YM:~/caffe-master$
make pycaffe

CXX/LD
-o python/caffe/_caffe.so python/caffe/_caffe.cpp

touch
python/caffe/proto/__init__.py

PROTOC
(python) src/caffe/proto/caffe.proto

>>>make
distribute          
// 一般不管你是否用python，都会执行这一句

cp
-r src/caffe/proto distribute/

#
add include

cp
-r include distribute/

mkdir
-p distribute/include/caffe/proto

cp
.build_release/src/caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h
distribute/include/caffe/proto

#
add tool and example binaries

cp
.build_release/tools/caffe.bin
.build_release/tools/upgrade_net_proto_binary.bin
.build_release/tools/convert_imageset.bin
.build_release/tools/finetune_net.bin
.build_release/tools/train_net.bin
.build_release/tools/device_query.bin
.build_release/tools/test_net.bin
.build_release/tools/extract_features.bin
.build_release/tools/upgrade_net_proto_text.bin
.build_release/tools/net_speed_benchmark.bin
.build_release/tools/compute_image_mean.bin
.build_release/tools/upgrade_solver_proto_text.bin distribute/bin

cp
.build_release/examples/cpp_classification/classification.bin
.build_release/examples/mnist/convert_mnist_data.bin
.build_release/examples/siamese/convert_mnist_siamese_data.bin
.build_release/examples/cifar10/convert_cifar_data.bin
distribute/bin

#
add libraries

cp
.build_release/lib/libcaffe.a distribute/lib

install
-m 644 .build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc3 distribute/lib

cd
distribute/lib; rm -f libcaffe.so; ln -s libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc3
libcaffe.so

#
add python - it's not the standard way, indeed...

cp
-r python distribute/python

常见问题：

1、提示make：protoc：命令未找到，这是因为protoc未安装，只需安装就行。

>>>sudo
apt-get install protobuf-c-compiler protobuf-compiler

 

问题1

/usr/bin/ld:
找不到
-lopencv_imgcodecs

collect2:
error: ld returned 1 exit status

Makefile:566:
recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc3' failed

make:
*** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc3] Error 1