目录

一、安装软件包的三种方法

二、rpm包介绍

三、rpm工具用法

四、yum工具用法

五、yum搭建本地仓库

六、yum更换国内源

七、yum下载rpm包

八、源码包安装

九、扩展

一、安装软件包的三种方法

1.二进制包（Centos是RPM格式，Debian是Deb格式）

2.Yum在线安装

3.源代码包安装

其实还有脚本安装方式。一般一个源代码包的安装最好是查看一下README和INSTALL文件。

二、rpm包介绍

rpm是Redhat Package Manager的缩写，是由Redhat提出，用于管理linux系统的软件包。

RPM包的名称一般为：名称-版本-发布序列号-软件平台-硬件平台.扩展名

挂载光盘镜像

虚拟机加载光盘镜像ISO文件

挂载光盘

  1. [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
  2. [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
  3. mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

RPM包所在位置

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ | head -n  5
  2. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
  3. 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.1.6-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
  4. abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.0.12-3.el7.noarch.rpm
  5. abrt-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
  6. abrt-addon-ccpp-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

三、RPM工具用法

rpm工具常用选项

-i 安装

-U 升级软件包

-V 显示详细安装信息

-h 以安装信息列显示安装进度

-e 卸载rpm包

-q 查询软件包

-qi 查询已安装的指定包信息

-ql 列出一个包安装的文件

-qf 查看命令由哪个安装包而来

-qd 查看文档安装位置

-qpi 查看未安装rpm包的信息

-qpl 查看未安装rpm包将要安装哪些文件

-qpR 查看软件包的依赖关系

--nodeps 在升级或安装rpm包时不检查其依赖关系

--test 并不真正安装rpm包，检测并报告可能的冲突

rpm包安装

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  4. Updating / installing...
  5.    1:dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7             ################################# [100%]

升级安装rpm包

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -Uvh dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  4. 	package dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64 is already installed

卸载软件包

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -e dos2unix
  2. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q dos2unix
  3. package dos2unix is not installed

查询软件包

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q vim-enhanced
  2. vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7.x86_64

查询已安装包信息

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qi dos2unix
  2. Name        : dos2unix
  3. Version     : 6.0.3
  4. Release     : 4.el7
  5. Architecture: x86_64
  6. Install Date: Tue 29 May 2018 09:25:04 PM EDT
  7. Group       : Applications/Text
  8. Size        : 178697
  9. License     : BSD
  10. Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Thu 03 Jul 2014 09:09:30 PM EDT, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
  11. Source RPM  : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.src.rpm
  12. Build Date  : Mon 09 Jun 2014 06:00:48 PM EDT
  13. Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
  14. Relocations : (not relocatable)
  15. Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
  16. Vendor      : CentOS
  17. URL         : http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html
  18. Summary     : Text file format converters
  19. Description :
  20. Convert text files with DOS or Mac line endings to Unix line endings and
  21. vice versa.

列出一个rpm包安装的文件

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ql dos2unix
  2. /usr/bin/dos2unix
  3. /usr/bin/mac2unix
  4. /usr/bin/unix2dos
  5. /usr/bin/unix2mac
  6. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3
  7. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/COPYING.txt
  8. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/ChangeLog.txt
  9. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/NEWS.txt
  10. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/README.txt
  11. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/TODO.txt
  12. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/dos2unix.htm
  13. /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  14. /usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  15. /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  16. /usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  17. /usr/share/man/es/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  18. /usr/share/man/es/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  19. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  20. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  21. /usr/share/man/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  22. /usr/share/man/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  23. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  24. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  25. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  26. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  27. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  28. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2mac.1.gz

查看命令由哪个包安装而来

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/ifconfig
  2. net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64
  3. //常见用法，用反引号取命令的绝对路径
  4. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf `which ifconfig`
  5. net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64
  6. //推荐做法
  7. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf $(which ifconfig)
  8. net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64

查看文档安装位置

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qd dos2unix
  2. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/COPYING.txt
  3. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/ChangeLog.txt
  4. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/NEWS.txt
  5. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/README.txt
  6. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/TODO.txt
  7. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/dos2unix.htm
  8. /usr/share/man/es/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  9. /usr/share/man/es/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  10. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  11. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  12. /usr/share/man/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  13. /usr/share/man/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  14. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  15. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  16. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  17. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  18. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  19. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2mac.1.gz

查看未安装rpm包的信息

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. package dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  3. //查看未安装rpm包的信息
  4. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpi dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  5. warning: dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  6. Name        : dos2unix
  7. Version     : 6.0.3
  8. Release     : 4.el7
  9. Architecture: x86_64
  10. Install Date: (not installed)
  11. Group       : Applications/Text
  12. Size        : 178697
  13. License     : BSD
  14. Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Thu 03 Jul 2014 09:09:30 PM EDT, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
  15. Source RPM  : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.src.rpm
  16. Build Date  : Mon 09 Jun 2014 06:00:48 PM EDT
  17. Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
  18. Relocations : (not relocatable)
  19. Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
  20. Vendor      : CentOS
  21. URL         : http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html
  22. Summary     : Text file format converters
  23. Description :
  24. Convert text files with DOS or Mac line endings to Unix line endings and
  25. vice versa.

查看未安装rpm包将要安装哪些文件

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpl dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. /usr/bin/dos2unix
  4. /usr/bin/mac2unix
  5. /usr/bin/unix2dos
  6. /usr/bin/unix2mac
  7. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3
  8. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/COPYING.txt
  9. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/ChangeLog.txt
  10. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/NEWS.txt
  11. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/README.txt
  12. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/TODO.txt
  13. /usr/share/doc/dos2unix-6.0.3/dos2unix.htm
  14. /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  15. /usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  16. /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  17. /usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/dos2unix.mo
  18. /usr/share/man/es/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  19. /usr/share/man/es/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  20. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  21. /usr/share/man/es/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  22. /usr/share/man/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  23. /usr/share/man/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  24. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  25. /usr/share/man/man1/unix2mac.1.gz
  26. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/dos2unix.1.gz
  27. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/mac2unix.1.gz
  28. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2dos.1.gz
  29. /usr/share/man/nl/man1/unix2mac.1.gz

查看软件包的依赖关系

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpR dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. libc.so.6()(64bit)
  4. libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
  5. libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)
  6. libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)
  7. rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
  8. rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
  9. rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
  10. rtld(GNU_HASH)
  11. rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1

升级或安装rpm包时不检查依赖关系

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. error: Failed dependencies:
  4. 	libcares.so.2()(64bit) is needed by wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64
  5. 	libsmi.so.2()(64bit) is needed by wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64
  6. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh --nodeps wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. warning: wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  8. Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  9. Updating / installing...
  10.    1:wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7          ################################# [100%]
  11. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q wireshark
  12. wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64

不真正安装rpm包，检测并报告可能的冲突

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh --test wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
  2. warning: wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  3. error: Failed dependencies:
  4. 	libcares.so.2()(64bit) is needed by wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64
  5. 	libsmi.so.2()(64bit) is needed by wireshark-1.10.3-10.el7.x86_64

四、YUM工具用法

软件包安装

  1. //-y 自动应答
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dos2unix
  3. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  4. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  5. Resolving Dependencies
  6. --> Running transaction check
  7. ---> Package dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7 will be installed
  8. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  10. Dependencies Resolved
  12. =====================================================================================================================================
  13.  Package                         Arch                          Version                             Repository                   Size
  14. =====================================================================================================================================
  15. Installing:
  16.  dos2unix                        x86_64                        6.0.3-4.el7                         base                         58 k
  18. Transaction Summary
  19. =====================================================================================================================================
  20. Install  1 Package
  22. Total download size: 58 k
  23. Installed size: 175 k
  24. Downloading packages:
  25. Running transaction check
  26. Running transaction test
  27. Transaction test succeeded
  28. Running transaction
  29.   Installing : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1
  30.   Verifying  : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1 
  32. Installed:
  33.   dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7                                                                                                      
  35. Complete!

列出可用安装包

  1. //推荐用grep过滤，否则会导致出现的结果过多，不方便查看
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep dos2unix
  3. dos2unix.x86_64                        6.0.3-4.el7                     @base

卸载软件包

  1. //不建议加上-y选项自动应答，因为yum工具卸载会自动卸载依赖关系。
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove dos2unix
  3. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  4. Resolving Dependencies
  5. --> Running transaction check
  6. ---> Package dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7 will be erased
  7. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  9. Dependencies Resolved
  11. =====================================================================================================================================
  12.  Package                         Arch                          Version                            Repository                    Size
  13. =====================================================================================================================================
  14. Removing:
  15.  dos2unix                        x86_64                        6.0.3-4.el7                        @base                        175 k
  17. Transaction Summary
  18. =====================================================================================================================================
  19. Remove  1 Package
  21. Installed size: 175 k
  22. Is this ok [y/N]: y
  23. Downloading packages:
  24. Running transaction check
  25. Running transaction test
  26. Transaction test succeeded
  27. Running transaction
  28.   Erasing    : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1
  29.   Verifying  : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1 
  31. Removed:
  32.   dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7                                                                                                      
  34. Complete!

查看软件包信息

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum info dos2unix
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. Available Packages
  5. Name        : dos2unix
  6. Arch        : x86_64
  7. Version     : 6.0.3
  8. Release     : 4.el7
  9. Size        : 58 k
  10. Repo        : base
  11. Summary     : Text file format converters
  12. URL         : http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html
  13. License     : BSD
  14. Description : Convert text files with DOS or Mac line endings to Unix line endings and
  15.             : vice versa.

查询某件文件的提供包

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum provides /usr/bin/dos2unix
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64 : Text file format converters
  5. Repo        : base
  6. Matched from:
  7. Filename    : /usr/bin/dos2unix
  9. dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64 : Text file format converters
  10. Repo        : @base
  11. Matched from:
  12. Filename    : /usr/bin/dos2unix

清除缓存信息

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Cleaning repos: base
  4. Cleaning up everything
  5. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

生成缓存信息

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. base                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
  4. (1/4): base/group_gz                                                                                          | 157 kB  00:00:00
  5. (2/4): base/filelists_db                                                                                      | 2.8 MB  00:00:00
  6. (3/4): base/primary_db                                                                                        | 2.7 MB  00:00:00
  7. (4/4): base/other_db                                                                                          | 1.1 MB  00:00:00
  8. Determining fastest mirrors
  9. Metadata Cache Created

五、YUM搭建本地仓库

虚拟机加载Centos7操作系统ISO镜像文件

挂载光盘

  1. [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
  2. [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
  3. mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

备份原Repo文件

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# find . -type f -exec mv {} {}.bak \;
  3. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-Media.repo
  4. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Media.repo
  5. //修改为以下内容
  6.   1 # CentOS-Media.repo
  7.   2 [base]
  8.   3 name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
  9.   4 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
  10.   5 gpgcheck=0
  11.   6 #gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  12.   7

清理缓存

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Cleaning repos: base
  4. Cleaning up everything
  5. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

生成新缓存

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. base                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
  4. (1/4): base/group_gz                                                                                          | 157 kB  00:00:00
  5. (2/4): base/filelists_db                                                                                      | 2.8 MB  00:00:00
  6. (3/4): base/primary_db                                                                                        | 2.7 MB  00:00:00
  7. (4/4): base/other_db                                                                                          | 1.1 MB  00:00:00
  8. Determining fastest mirrors
  9. Metadata Cache Created
  11. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
  12. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  13. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  14. repo id                                                    repo name                                                           status
  15. base                                                       CentOS-7 - Base                                                     3,538
  16. repolist: 3,538

六、yum更换国内源

备份原始源CentOS-Base.repo

  1. [root@localhost Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# find . -type f -exec mv {} {}.bak \;

添加国内源

  1. wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  2. curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  4. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  5. --2018-05-30 02:52:39--  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  6. Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
  7. Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... connected.
  8. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
  9. Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
  10. Saving to: ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’
  12. 100%[===========================================================================================>] 1,572       --.-K/s   in 0.03s   
  14. 2018-05-30 02:52:39 (56.9 KB/s) - ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]
  16. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  17. CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Base.repo.bak  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak  CentOS-Sources.repo.bak  CentOS-Vault.repo.bak

安装扩展源epel

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. extras                                                                                                        | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
  4. updates                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
  5. (1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                             | 147 kB  00:00:03
  6. (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                            | 2.0 MB  00:00:26
  7. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  8. Resolving Dependencies
  9. --> Running transaction check
  10. ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
  11. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  13. Dependencies Resolved
  15. =====================================================================================================================================
  16.  Package                             Arch                          Version                       Repository                     Size
  17. =====================================================================================================================================
  18. Installing:
  19.  epel-release                        noarch                        7-11                          extras                         15 k
  21. Transaction Summary
  22. =====================================================================================================================================
  23. Install  1 Package
  25. Total download size: 15 k
  26. Installed size: 24 k
  27. Downloading packages:
  28. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packages/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  29. Public key for epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm is not installed
  30. epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm                                                                                  |  15 kB  00:00:00
  31. Retrieving key from http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  32. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  33.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  34.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  35.  From       : http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  36. Running transaction check
  37. Running transaction test
  38. Transaction test succeeded
  39. Running transaction
  40.   Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                                                                          1/1
  41.   Verifying  : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                                                                          1/1 
  43. Installed:
  44.   epel-release.noarch 0:7-11                                                                                                         
  46. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
  47. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  48. epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                          | 5.6 kB  00:00:00
  49. epel                                                                                                          | 4.7 kB  00:00:00
  50. (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                   |  88 kB  00:00:03
  51. (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                 | 930 kB  00:00:08
  52. (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                 | 6.4 MB  00:00:30
  53. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  54.  * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  55. repo id                                         repo name                                                                      status
  56. base/7/x86_64                                   CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                                                       3,538
  57. epel/x86_64                                     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                                 12,577
  58. extras/7/x86_64                                 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com                                                       305
  59. updates/7/x86_64                                CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com                                                      632
  60. repolist: 17,052

七、yum下载rpm包

仅下载不安装rpm包

下载位置在：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/仓库名/packages/

  1. //跟--downloadonly选项
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
  3. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  4. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  5. Resolving Dependencies
  6. --> Running transaction check
  7. ---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-7.el7 will be installed
  8. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  10. Dependencies Resolved
  12. ===========================================================================================================
  13.  Package               Arch                     Version                       Repository              Size
  14. ===========================================================================================================
  15. Installing:
  16.  zsh                   x86_64                   5.0.2-7.el7                   base                   2.4 M
  18. Transaction Summary
  19. ===========================================================================================================
  20. Install  1 Package
  22. Total download size: 2.4 M
  23. Installed size: 5.6 M
  24. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
  25. exiting because "Download Only" specified
  27. //不跟downloadonly选项，在自动应答时选d
  28. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install dos2unix
  29. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  30. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  31. Resolving Dependencies
  32. --> Running transaction check
  33. ---> Package dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7 will be installed
  34. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  36. Dependencies Resolved
  38. ===========================================================================================================
  39.  Package                  Arch                   Version                        Repository            Size
  40. ===========================================================================================================
  41. Installing:
  42.  dos2unix                 x86_64                 6.0.3-4.el7                    base                  58 k
  44. Transaction Summary
  45. ===========================================================================================================
  46. Install  1 Package
  48. Total download size: 58 k
  49. Installed size: 175 k
  50. Is this ok [y/d/N]: d
  51. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
  52. exiting because "Download Only" specified

指定下载目录：-- downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/

  1. [root@localhost packages]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. Resolving Dependencies
  5. --> Running transaction check
  6. ---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-7.el7 will be installed
  7. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  9. Dependencies Resolved
  11. =====================================================================================================================================
  12.  Package                     Arch                           Version                               Repository                    Size
  13. =====================================================================================================================================
  14. Installing:
  15.  zsh                         x86_64                         5.0.2-7.el7                           base                         2.4 M
  17. Transaction Summary
  18. =====================================================================================================================================
  19. Install  1 Package
  21. Total download size: 2.4 M
  22. Installed size: 5.6 M
  23. Background downloading packages, then exiting:
  24. exiting because "Download Only" specified

如果下载已经安装过的rpm包会提示已经安装，不会重新安装。除了卸载已经安装的包重新下载外还有一个方法：yum reinstall

  1. [root@localhost packages]# yum install -y dos2unix
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. Package dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
  5. Nothing to do
  6. [root@localhost packages]# yum reinstall -y dos2unix
  7. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  8. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  9. Resolving Dependencies
  10. --> Running transaction check
  11. ---> Package dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7 will be reinstalled
  12. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  14. Dependencies Resolved
  16. =====================================================================================================================================
  17.  Package                         Arch                          Version                             Repository                   Size
  18. =====================================================================================================================================
  19. Reinstalling:
  20.  dos2unix                        x86_64                        6.0.3-4.el7                         base                         58 k
  22. Transaction Summary
  23. =====================================================================================================================================
  24. Reinstall  1 Package
  26. Total download size: 58 k
  27. Installed size: 175 k
  28. Downloading packages:
  29. Running transaction check
  30. Running transaction test
  31. Transaction test succeeded
  32. Running transaction
  33.   Installing : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1
  34.   Verifying  : dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1 
  36. Installed:
  37.   dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-4.el7                                                                                                      
  39. Complete!

八、源码代包安装

约定：源码包下载好后放到/usr/local/src/下

下载nginx包

  1. [root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
  2. --2018-05-30 02:58:08--  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
  3. Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 206.251.255.63, 95.211.80.227, 2606:7100:1:69::3f, ...
  4. Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|206.251.255.63|:80... connected.
  5. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
  6. Length: 1016272 (992K) [application/octet-stream]
  7. Saving to: ‘nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz’
  9. 100%[===========================================================================================>] 1,016,272   56.2KB/s   in 29s    
  11. 2018-05-30 02:58:38 (34.6 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz’ saved [1016272/1016272]

解压源码包

  1. [root@localhost src]# tar -xvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

安装所需的依赖

  1. [root@localhost src]#  yum -y install pcre.x86_64 pcre-devel.x86_64
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

新建nginx安装目录以及nginx用户

  1. [root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.14.0
  2. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# mkdir -p /application/nginx-1.14
  3. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin

配置选项

  1. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.14/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

编译、安装

  1. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# make && make install
  2. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.14/ /application/nginx
  3. [root@localhost nginx-1.14.0]# ll /application/
  4. total 0
  5. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 May 30 03:34 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.14/
  6. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 50 May 30 03:33 nginx-1.14

启动nginx

  1. [root@localhost ~]#  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  2. [root@localhost ~]# netstat -nltup | grep :80
  3. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10928/nginx: master 
  5. [root@localhost ~]# curl 127.0.0.1
  6. <!DOCTYPE html>
  7. <html>
  8. <head>
  9. <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
  10. <style>
  11.     body {
  12.         width: 35em;
  13.         margin: 0 auto;
  14.         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
  15.     }
  16. </style>
  17. </head>
  18. <body>
  19. <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
  20. <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
  21. working. Further configuration is required.</p>
  23. <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
  24. <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
  25. Commercial support is available at
  26. <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
  28. <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
  29. </body>
  30. </html>

九、扩展

搭建一个局域网http的yum源

创建rpm包存放目录

  1. [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/yumdata

拷贝ISO镜像文件中的rpm包到/data/yumdata/

  1. root@localhost ~]# cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/*.rpm /data/yumdata/

创建repository

  1. [root@localhost ~]# createrepo /data/yumdata/
  2. Spawning worker 0 with 1769 pkgs
  3. Spawning worker 1 with 1769 pkgs
  4. Workers Finished
  5. Saving Primary metadata
  6. Saving file lists metadata
  7. Saving other metadata
  8. Generating sqlite DBs
  9. Sqlite DBs complete

如果rpm包有增加，可执行

  1. createrepo --update /data/yumdata/

利用第八节编译安装的nginx提供http服务

修改nginx的配置文件

  1. [root@localhost ~]# vim /application/nginx-1.14/conf/nginx.conf
  2.  35     server {
  3.  36         listen       80;
  4.  37         server_name  localhost;
  5.  38         root         /data/yumdata;
  6.  39         #charset koi8-r;
  7.  40
  8.  41         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  9.  42
  10.  43         location / {
  11.  44                 autoindex       on;
  12.  45         }
  13.  46
  14.  47
  15.  48         #error_page  404              /404.html;
  16.  49
  17.  50         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  18.  51         #
  19.  52         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  20.  53         location = /50x.html {
  21.  54             root   html;
  22.  55         }
  24. [root@localhost ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  25. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  26. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14//conf/nginx.conf test is successful

重载nginx配置文件

  1. [root@localhost ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

客户端上配置repo文件

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  2. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
  3. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS* bak/
  4. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv epel* bak/
  5. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim my.repo
  6.   1 [hjm]
  7.   2 name=myserver
  8.   3 baseurl=http://192.168.1.6
  9.   4 gpgcheck=0
  10.   5 enabled=1
  11. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
  12. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  13. Cleaning repos: epel hjm
  14. Cleaning up everything
  15. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
  16. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
  17. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  18. hjm                                                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
  19. (1/3): hjm/filelists_db                                                                                       | 2.8 MB  00:00:00
  20. (2/3): hjm/primary_db                                                                                         | 2.7 MB  00:00:00
  21. (3/3): hjm/other_db                                                                                           | 1.1 MB  00:00:00
  22. Determining fastest mirrors
  23. Metadata Cache Created
  25. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
  26. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  27. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  28. repo id                                                        repo name                                                       status
  29. hjm                                                            myserver                                                        3,538
  30. repolist: 3,538

做一个镜像yum源

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rsync -av rsync://rsync.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/  /data/yumdata/

当局域网的rpm库有更新时，除了服务端执行“createrepo –update /data/yumdata/”外，客户端上也需要执行

  1. yum clean all
  2. yum makecache

源代码包编译为二制包参考链接：https://jin-yang.github.io/post/linux-create-rpm-package.html

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