Axiom3D:手动创建ManualObject与Mesh,以及如何使用Cg着色器语言
在开始正文前,先说下Axiom3D里遇到的二个BUG.
1.在启动axiom生成的程序中,我发现输出里总是有一些如"billboard_type","billboard_origin"这些不能解析,我开始还在想是不是文件格式版本过期或是啥的,反正后面我查了下,发现这些是有对应解析类的,在对比对应的Ogre相应位置代码,发现ParticleSystemRenderer在Ogre中是多重继承,C#天生不支持,但是我发现ScriptableObject本身是从DisposableObject继承的,那么只需要把ParticleSystemRenderer 从DisposableObject 继承改为从ScriptableObject 继承,然后在BillboardParticleRenderer类中方法SetParameter 修改成如下:
public override bool SetParameter(string attr, string val)
{
try
{
Properties[attr] = val;
return true;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogManager.Instance.Write(e.Message);
return false;
} //if ( this.attribParsers.ContainsKey( attr ) )
//{
// var args = new object[2];
// args[ 0 ] = val.Split( ' ' );
// args[ 1 ] = this;
// this.attribParsers[ attr ].Invoke( null, args );
// //ParticleSystemRendererAttributeParser parser =
// // (ParticleSystemRendererAttributeParser)attribParsers[attr]; // //// call the parser method
// //parser(val.Split(' '), this);
// return true;
//}
//return false;
}
BillboardParticleRenderer修改
具体修改意义我简单说下,原来的修改格式是针对内部特性方法的,但是BillboardParticleRenderer类里全是内部特性类的,从前面的继承修改加这段代码,就是为了让BillboardParticleRenderer能自己查找自己的特性类并找到对应的设置方法.
2.这个BUG和ManualObject有关,我在设置ManualObject时,发现一些奇怪的问题,设置的颜色不能用,当时还以为是材质,灯光这些,后面全排除后,找到ManualObject里的CopyTempVertexToBuffer方法,发现有处逻辑不对.如下修改:
protected virtual void CopyTempVertexToBuffer()
{
this.tempVertexPending = false;
var rop = this.currentSection.RenderOperation; if (rop.vertexData.vertexCount == && !this.currentUpdating)
{
// first vertex, autoorganise decl
var oldDcl = rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;
rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration = oldDcl.GetAutoOrganizedDeclaration(false, false); HardwareBufferManager.Instance.DestroyVertexDeclaration(oldDcl);
} ResizeTempVertexBufferIfNeeded(++rop.vertexData.vertexCount); var elemList = rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration.Elements; #if !AXIOM_SAFE_ONLY
unsafe
#endif
{
// get base pointer
var buf = BufferBase.Wrap(this.tempVertexBuffer);
buf.Ptr = this.declSize * (rop.vertexData.vertexCount - ); //var pFloat = buf.ToFloatPointer();
//var pRGBA = buf.ToUIntPointer(); foreach (var elem in elemList)
{
var offest = elem.Offset;
buf.Ptr += offest;
var pFloat = buf.ToFloatPointer();
var pRGBA = buf.ToUIntPointer();
var idx = ;
RenderSystem rs;
int dims;
switch (elem.Semantic)
{
case VertexElementSemantic.Position:
pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.position.x;
pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.position.y;
pFloat[idx] = this.tempVertex.position.z;
break;
case VertexElementSemantic.Normal:
pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.normal.x;
pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.normal.y;
pFloat[idx] = this.tempVertex.normal.z;
break;
case VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords:
dims = VertexElement.GetTypeCount(elem.Type);
for (var t = ; t < dims; ++t)
{
pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.texCoord[elem.Index][t];
}
break;
case VertexElementSemantic.Diffuse:
rs = Root.Instance.RenderSystem;
if (rs != null)
{
pRGBA[idx] = (uint)rs.ConvertColor(this.tempVertex.color);
}
else
{
pRGBA[idx] = (uint)this.tempVertex.color.ToRGBA(); // pick one!
}
break;
default:
// nop ?
break;
}
}
}
}
CopyTempVertexToBuffer
简单来说,和原来地形的高度生成错误比较类似,把字节个数直接当做索引来用,ManualObject里的元素都是4个字节,还有一个简单的方法,直接让indx=elem.offset/4应该也是对的,但是我认为这种修改方法不算太好,如采用现在的方法.
现在开始正文,从ManualObject来说,ManualObject是Ogre模仿了Opengl里立即绘制模式的一种写法,但是他和立即绘制模式本质是不同的,写法虽然是这样,但是他也是采用缓冲区的方法,意思来说,就是写法让习惯写立即模式的人爽,效率也是,当然ManualObject里的有些元素写法顺序规定的和OpenGL的不一样.先来看一段代码,这段代码是我从Ogre论坛里考过来的,把里面的C++写法改变下就行了,非常容易.
public static ManualObject CreateTetrahedron(Vector3 position, Single scale)
{
ManualObject manObTetra = new ManualObject("Tetrahedron");
manObTetra.CastShadows = false; // render just before overlays (so all objects behind the transparent tetrahedron are visible)
manObTetra.RenderQueueGroup = RenderQueueGroupID.Overlay - ; // = 99 Vector3[] c = new Vector3[]; // corners // calculate corners of tetrahedron (with point of origin in middle of volume)
Single mbot = scale * 0.2f; // distance middle to bottom
Single mtop = scale * 0.62f; // distance middle to top
Single mf = scale * 0.289f; // distance middle to front
Single mb = scale * 0.577f; // distance middle to back
Single mlr = scale * 0.5f; // distance middle to left right
// width / height / depth
c[] = new Vector3(-mlr, -mbot, mf); // left bottom front
c[] = new Vector3(mlr, -mbot, mf); // right bottom front
c[] = new Vector3(, -mbot, -mb); // (middle) bottom back
c[] = new Vector3(, mtop, ); // (middle) top (middle) // add position offset for all corners (move tetrahedron)
for (Int16 i = ; i <= ; i++)
c[i] += position; // create bottom
manObTetra.Begin("floor", OperationType.TriangleList);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Red);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Triangle(, , );
manObTetra.End();
// create right back side
manObTetra.Begin("edm/floor", OperationType.TriangleList);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Green);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Triangle(, , );
manObTetra.End();
// create left back side
manObTetra.Begin("edm/floor", OperationType.TriangleList);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Green);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Red);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Blue);
manObTetra.Triangle(, , );
manObTetra.End();
// create front side
manObTetra.Begin("BaseWhiteNoLighting", OperationType.TriangleList);
manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.White);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Position(c[]);
manObTetra.Triangle(, , );
manObTetra.End(); return manObTetra; }
Tetrahedron ManualObject
这段代码也是我发现ManualObject里的颜色不能用的BUG的代码.我们从ManualObject里的代码来看一些注意事项,ManualObject是从Begin()方法调用后,根据第一个顶点到第二个顶点来生成顶点元素组成部分的.简单来说:
1.调用Begin方法后,需要最先调用Position方法,在第一个Position调用前如调用Color,Normal会引起元素实际与声明的组成部分对应不上.
2.在第一个Position和第二个Position之间出现的元素是这个缓冲区顶点的声明组成部分,如在第一个与第二个只出现了Color,那么你在第二个Position后声明Normal是无效的.
3.这个倒是OpenGL里的状态机有点像,在第一个Position与第二个Position调用Color,Normal这些后,不需要在第二个Position之后每次调用,如果调用,color,normal会采用新的值,直接看代码里的TempVertex类型tempVertex属性每次调用Position,Color,Normal就知道原因了.
下面放出上面代码生成效果图:
下面再给出一个立方体生成的ManualObject,和上面有些区别,大致就这二种写法.
public static ManualObject CreateCube(Vector3 center, float length, bool bLine = false)
{
string material = "BaseWhiteNoLighting";
ManualObject manual = new ManualObject("manualCube");
Vector3[] positions = new Vector3[]{
center + new Vector3(length, length, length),
center + new Vector3(-length, length, length),
center + new Vector3(-length, -length, length),
center + new Vector3(length, -length, length),
center + new Vector3(length, length, -length),
center + new Vector3(-length, length, -length),
center + new Vector3(-length, -length, -length),
center + new Vector3(length, -length, -length)
};
ushort[] indexs = new ushort[]{
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,,,
};
if (bLine)
manual.Begin(material, OperationType.LineList);
else
manual.Begin(material, OperationType.TriangleList);
for (int i = ; i < positions.Length; i++)
{
manual.Position(positions[i]);
}
for (int i = ; i < indexs.Length; i++)
{
manual.Index(indexs[i]);
}
manual.End();
return manual;
}
ManualObject Cube
注意要让三角形与线同一顶点索引,每六个顶点索引中间二个是相同的,这样不生成线,但是三角形能正常生成,注意Ogre里也是逆时针.效果图就不发了.大家一看就知道是啥样的.
其实ManualObject与Mesh的区别不大,都是保存顶点状态与索引,ManualObject也有方法直接ConvertToMesh直接转为Mesh.不过要注意,ManualObject继承MovableObject,可以直接挂接到Node下,而Mesh只是一种资源,需要先以Entity为载体,再挂接到Node下,不过这样也使得Mesh更复杂,能完成与承载的功能也更多.
下面我们用Mesh来自定义一个模型,这个模型用来演示一个立方坐标轴,其中,XY与YZ可以用来展示,可以放入不同的材质,而XZ用来演示3D波动数据,这里我们用Cg加三维噪声来模拟,如这过程(柏林噪声实践(二) 水与火,顶点纹理拾取),最后大致效果如下:
图2:
代码分二部分，一部分是坐标轴的建立，这个主要是用到Mesh，一部分是每桢活动的数据,这个部分就用到Cg着色器代码，记的添加Cg着色器解析的插件。
下面是如何构建整个坐标轴的代码：
public class Axis3D
{
public Mesh Self { get; set; }
public Vector3 range; public Axis3D(string name, Vector3 range)
{
this.range = range;
Mesh mesh = MeshManager.Instance.CreateManual(name, "General", null); float arrow1 = 30.0f;
float arrow2 = 20.0f;
float arrow3 = 3.0f;
var vertices = new float[]{
0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin
range.x,0.0f,0.0f,//x
0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y
0.0f,0.0f,range.z,//z range.x,range.y,0.0f,//xy plane
range.x,0.0f,range.z,//xz plane
0.0f,range.y,range.z,//yz plane
range.x,range.y,range.z,//origin offest range.x+arrow1,0.0f,0.0f,
range.x+arrow2,0.0f,-arrow3,
range.x+arrow2,0.0f,arrow3, 0.0f,range.y+arrow1,0.0f,
-arrow3,range.y+arrow2,arrow3,
arrow3,range.y+arrow2,-arrow3, 0.0f,0.0f,range.z + arrow1,
arrow3,0.0f,range.z+arrow2,
-arrow3,0.0f,range.z+arrow2
}; mesh.SharedVertexData = new VertexData();
mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexCount = ;
var decl = mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexDeclaration;
decl.AddElement(, , VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);
var vbuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(),
mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexCount, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
vbuf.WriteData(, vbuf.Size, vertices, true);
mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(, vbuf); SubMesh subMeshAxes = mesh.CreateSubMesh("axes");
short[] indexs = new short[]{
,,
,,
,,
};
HardwareIndexBuffer ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
ibuf.WriteData(, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);
subMeshAxes.useSharedVertices = true;
subMeshAxes.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;
subMeshAxes.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;
subMeshAxes.indexData.indexStart = ;
subMeshAxes.OperationType = OperationType.LineList; SubMesh subMeshArrow = mesh.CreateSubMesh("arrow");
indexs = new short[]{
,,,
,,,
,,
};
ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
ibuf.WriteData(, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);
subMeshArrow.useSharedVertices = true;
subMeshArrow.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;
subMeshArrow.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;
subMeshArrow.indexData.indexStart = ;
subMeshArrow.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList; SubMesh subMeshPlaneXY = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeXY");
CreatePlaneXY(subMeshPlaneXY);
SubMesh subMeshPlaneYZ = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeYZ");
CreatePlaneYZ(subMeshPlaneYZ); SubMesh subMeshPlaneXZ = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeXZ");
CreateRenderPlane(subMeshPlaneXZ); mesh.BoundingBox = new AxisAlignedBox(Vector3.Zero, range);
mesh.BoundingSphereRadius = range.Length;
mesh.Load(); Self = mesh;
} private void CreateAxis(SubMesh subMesh)
{
subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;
subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData(); } private void CreatePlaneXY(SubMesh subMesh)
{
int verticeLong = ;
var vertices = new float[]{
0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin
0.0f,0.0f,
range.x,0.0f,0.0f,//x
1.0f,0.0f,
0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y
0.0f,1.0f,
range.x,range.y,0.0f,//xy plane
1.0f,1.0f,
};
subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;
subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();
subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = verticeLong;
var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;
decl.AddElement(, , VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);
decl.AddElement(, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float2, VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords, );
var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(), verticeLong, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
buf.WriteData(, buf.Size, vertices);
subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(, buf); var indexs = new short[]{
,,,
,,
};
var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
ibuf.WriteData(, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);
subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;
subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;
subMesh.indexData.indexStart = ;
subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;
subMesh.MaterialName = "axis3D/xy";
} private void CreatePlaneYZ(SubMesh subMesh)
{
int verticeLong = ;
var vertices = new float[]{
0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin
0.0f,0.0f,
0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y
0.0f,1.0f,
0.0f,0.0f,range.z,//z
1.0f,0.0f,
0.0f,range.y,range.z,//yz plane
1.0f,1.0f,
};
subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;
subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();
subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = verticeLong;
var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;
decl.AddElement(, , VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);
decl.AddElement(, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float2, VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords, );
var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(), verticeLong, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
buf.WriteData(, buf.Size, vertices);
subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(, buf); var indexs = new short[]{
,,,
,,
};
var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
ibuf.WriteData(, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);
subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;
subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;
subMesh.indexData.indexStart = ;
subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;
subMesh.MaterialName = "axis3D/yz";
} public void Rendering(float delt)
{ } public void CreateRenderPlane(SubMesh subMesh)
{
var xc = 5.0f;
var yc = 5.0f; var xr = (int)(range.x/xc) - ;
var yr = (int)(range.z/yc) - ; var halfx = 0.0f;// xr * xc * 0.5f;
var halfy = 0.0f;// yr * yc * 0.5f;
var length = (xr + ) * (yr + ) * ;
float[] vertices = new float[length]; int index = ;
for (int j = ; j <= yr; j++)
{
for (int i = ; i <= xr; i++)
{
vertices[index++] = xc * i - halfx;
vertices[index++] = 0.0f;
vertices[index++] = yc * j - halfy; //vertices[index++] = 0.3f;
//vertices[index++] = 0.3f;
//vertices[index++] = 0.3f;
}
} length = xr * yr * ;
int[] indexs = new int[length];
index = ;
for (int j = ; j < yr; j++)
{
for (int i = ; i < xr; i++)
{
indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i;
indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i;
indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i + ; indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i + ;
indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i;
indexs[index++] = (j + ) * (xr + ) + i + ;
}
} subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;
subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();
subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = (xr + ) * (yr + );
var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;
decl.AddElement(, , VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);
//decl.AddElement(0, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic., 0);
var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(), subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
buf.WriteData(, buf.Size, vertices);
subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(, buf); var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size32, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);
ibuf.WriteData(, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);
subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;
subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;
subMesh.indexData.indexStart = ;
subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;
subMesh.MaterialName = "noise3D";
}
//private void
}
Axis3D Mesh
我们就简化轴，只用一条线和一个三角形来表示，XY与YZ面需要不同的材质，我们各分一个SubMesh更好化分。注意Mesh可以申请顶点缓冲区(所有SubMesh可以直接用这个顶点缓冲缓冲区)，但是没有索引缓冲区，意思就是Mesh本身不负责绘制元素，需要SubMesh绘制。而SubMesh由useSharedVertices确认是由采用SubMesh的索引缓冲区。这样做兼容性还是不错的，至少我想到一些文件格式都可以转化成Mesh这种结构。
在这个坐标轴了，Mesh建立了公共顶点，三条线和三个三角形都用到这个公共顶点。其中顶点缓冲区Ogre直接封装的是DX的那些类，申明VertexDeclaration与对应的VectexElement表明顶点元素的组成，前面的ManualObject在第一个Position与第二个Position之间申请的Color,Normal一样是这个过程，只是根据调用的方法，自动创建的VectexElement。而SubMesh如果表明直接用的是公共顶点，则只需要声明索引缓冲区就行了，申明索引缓冲区因为不需要指明顶点的构成元素，只需要说明是用32位字节还是16位字节，再对一些元素，如用法，连接模式行了。
至于建立XY，YZ面，则没用公共顶点缓冲区，那就需要自己申请自己的顶点缓冲区和索引缓冲区，申请过程和上面一样，需要指定useSharedVertices用false,对应的SubMesh可以自己指定对应的MaterialName。
最后则是XZ面，这个面，我们用来建立一些点，然后用Cg着色器代码控制顶点位置的Y轴，如何坐标有平滑性的波动，我们用到Noise，详细请看(柏林噪声实践(二) 水与火,顶点纹理拾取)，这里不多说了。
下面先给出对应的材质代码：
// CG Vertex shader definition
vertex_program noise3D_VS cg
{
source v4.cg
entry_point main
profiles vp40
default_params
{
param_named_auto mvp worldviewproj_matrix
param_named_auto time2 frame_time
param_named_auto time1 time
param_named_auto time3 time_0_x 10.0
}
} fragment_program noise3D_PS cg
{
source v4.cg
entry_point fragmentShader
profiles fp30
} material noise3D
{
technique
{
pass
{
cull_hardware none
vertex_program_ref noise3D_VS
{
//param_named_auto time custom 0
}
texture_unit
{
texture cloud.jpg
}
fragment_program_ref noise3D_PS
{
}
texture_unit
{
texture cloud.jpg
}
}
}
}
Material Noise3D
Cg着色器代码：
#define ONE 0.00390625
#define ONEHALF 0.001953125 float fade(float t) {
//return t*t*(3.0-2.0*t); // Old fade
return t*t*t*(t*(t*6.0-15.0)+10.0);
// Improved fade
} float noise(float3 P,sampler2D permTexture)
{
float3 Pi = ONE*floor(P)+ONEHALF;
float3 Pf = P-floor(P);
// Noise contributions from (x=0, y=0), z=0 and z=1
float perm00 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy).a ;
float3 grad000 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm00, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n000 = dot(grad000, Pf);
float3 grad001 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm00, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n001 = dot(grad001, Pf - float3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
// Noise contributions from (x=0, y=1), z=0 and z=1
float perm01 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(0.0, ONE)).a ;
float3 grad010 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm01, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n010 = dot(grad010, Pf - float3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
float3 grad011 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm01, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n011 = dot(grad011, Pf - float3(0.0, 1.0, 1.0));
// Noise contributions from (x=1, y=0), z=0 and z=1
float perm10 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(ONE, 0.0)).a ;
float3 grad100 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm10, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n100 = dot(grad100, Pf - float3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
float3 grad101 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm10, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n101 = dot(grad101, Pf - float3(1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
// Noise contributions from (x=1, y=1), z=0 and z=1
float perm11 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(ONE, ONE)).a ;
float3 grad110 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm11, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n110 = dot(grad110, Pf - float3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0));
float3 grad111 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm11, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;
float n111 = dot(grad111, Pf - float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
// Blend contributions along x
float4 n_x = lerp(float4(n000, n001, n010, n011), float4(n100, n101, n110, n111), fade(Pf.x));
// Blend contributions along y
float2 n_xy = lerp(n_x.xy, n_x.zw, fade(Pf.y));
// Blend contributions along z
float n_xyz = lerp(n_xy.x, n_xy.y, fade(Pf.z));
return n_xyz;
} float turbulence(int octaves, float3 P, float lacunarity, float gain,sampler2D permTexture)
{
float sum = ;
float scale = ;
float totalgain = ;
for(int i=;i<octaves;i++){
sum += totalgain*noise(P*scale,permTexture);
scale *= lacunarity;
totalgain *= gain;
} return abs(sum);
} struct v_Output {
float4 position : POSITION;
//float pc : TEXCOORD0;
float2 pc : TEXCOORD0;
}; v_Output main(float3 position : POSITION,
uniform float4x4 mvp,
uniform float time1,
uniform float time2,
uniform float time3,
uniform sampler2D permTexture)
{
v_Output OUT;
float time = time3 + time1 + time2 * ;
float3 pf = float3(position.xz,time);
//float ty = noise(pf,permTexture);
//水
//float ty = turbulence(4,pf,2,0.5,permTexture);
//float yy = ty * 0.5 + 0.5;
//火
float ty = turbulence(,pf,0.6,,permTexture);
float yy = ty * 0.5;
float4 pos = float4(position.x,yy,position.z,);
OUT.pc = float2(position.x*0.01,position.z*0.01);
//float4 pos = float4(position.x,50,position.z,1);
OUT.position = mul(mvp,pos);
//OUT.pc = yy;
return OUT;
} struct f_Output {
float4 color : COLOR;
}; f_Output fragmentShader(v_Output vin,uniform sampler2D texture)
{
f_Output OUT;
OUT.color = tex2D(texture, vin.pc);
OUT.color = OUT.color + float4(0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1);
return OUT;
}
Cg Noise3
这里简单说明一下材质代码，相关着色器代码具体意思大家移步前面链接。
在noise3D material中，vertex_program与fragment_program分别指定顶点和片断着色器，source指定相对路径的源文件代码位置，而entry_point指定当前着色器主函数，profiles指定硬件要求，因为我们用到纹理拾取，顶点着色器内纹理，所以在opengl下需要满足vp40才行，相关profiles对应硬件与说明请看Declaring Vertex/Geometry/Fragment Programs，vp40要求比较新的显卡。其中default_params相当于我们给着色器中uniform变量设定的初始值，param_named_auto指明由Ogre内部自动更新，详情请看Using Vertex/Geometry/Fragment Programs in a Pass。大家对应一下顶点着色器中的default_params参数与Cg里的代码，就能看明白是怎么个意思，Ogre这一块封装的相当不错，用起来没有别扭的感觉，并且还非常方便与人性化。在对应的material,对应Pass里指明vertex_program_ref与fragment_program_ref与前面对应，其中着色器需要的纹理直接紧接着对应的着色器后添加texture_unit就行，个数对应上。
总的来说，这里主要测试自动创建一些简单模型与着色器代码的基本用法，都是比较基础的，也可以看出Ogre对于这里的处理还是相当不错，方便又容易理解。
Axiom3D:手动创建ManualObject与Mesh,以及如何使用Cg着色器语言的更多相关文章
- DirectX11 With Windows SDK--02 顶点/像素着色器的创建、顶点缓冲区
前言 由于在Direct3D 11中取消了固定管线,要想绘制图形必须要了解可编程渲染管线的流程,一个能绘制出图形的渲染管线最少需要有这两个可编程着色器:顶点着色器和像素着色器. 本章会直接跳过渲染管线 ...
- ogre3D学习基础16 -- 手动创建实体(ManualObject)
这一节练习一下手动创建实体,用到了对象(ManualObject) 第一,依然是模板 #include "ExampleApplication.h" class Example1 ...
- 通过手动创建统计信息优化sql查询性能案例
本质原因在于:SQL Server 统计信息只包含复合索引的第一个列的信息,而不包含复合索引数据组合的信息 来源于工作中的一个实际问题, 这里是组合列数据不均匀导致查询无法预估数据行数,从而导致无法选 ...
- 手动创建VS单元测试，显示代码覆盖率
Visual Studio 号称有史以来最强大的IDE,确实如此.创建单元测试也是一键完成:在方法的代码块中右键“Create Unit Test…”,勾选测试项,填项目名,完成.VS就会自动帮你创建 ...
- java web(一) 使用sql标签库+tomcat+mysql手动创建一个jsp练习总结
2016-09-0111:06:53 使用sql标签库+tomcat+mysql手动创建一个jsp 1. 1.1安装tomcat ...
- Maven 系列 二 ：Maven 常用命令，手动创建第一个 Maven 项目【转】
1.根据 Maven 的约定,我们在D盘根目录手动创建如下目录及文件结构: 2.打开 pom.xml 文件,添加如下内容: <project xmlns="http://maven.a ...
- 用Sqlplus手动创建Oracle11g数据库
用Sqlplus手动创建Oracle数据库 刚开始学习Oracle数据库,菜鸟一个,使用sqlplus创建数据库遇到了很多问题,通过不断地百度,终于创建成功了.所以顺便把整个过程中犯的一些最低级的错误 ...
- servlet和手动创建servlet，断点调试
1. 什么是Servlet Servlet是一种用Java语言编写的Web应用组件 Servlet主要用于动态网页输出,扩展了Web服务器的功能 Servlet由Servlet容器进行管理 2. ...
- Maven手动创建多模块项目
Maven手动创建多模块项目 我要创建的项目名称是:unicorn,项目包含两个模块,分别是unicorn-core和unicorn-web.包的路径是com.goldpalm.tour. 项目创建流 ...
随机推荐
- K8s 介绍
Kubernetes(k8s)是自动化容器操作的开源平台,这些操作包括部署,调度和节点集群间扩展. 使用Kubernetes可以: 1. 自动化容器的部署和复制 2. 随时扩展或收缩容器规模 3. 将 ...
- 破解AI大脑黑盒迈出新一步！谷歌现在更懂机器，还开源了研究工具
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/34306323 https://distill.pub/2018/building-blocks/
- Vue.js简介及指令
1.Vue.js的特点 Vue.js是一个Javascript MVVM(Model-View-ViewModel)库,与传统Jquery的区别在于,Vue.js舍弃了繁杂的DOM操作, 如取DOM值 ...
- javascript基础拾遗(九)
1.class关键字 ES6引入了新的class关键字编写对象 function Language(name){ this.name = name this.score = 8.0 } Languag ...
- 【硅谷问道】 WWDC 17: 开发者的最初观感
[硅谷问道] WWDC 17: 开发者的最初观感 前言 每年的 WWDC 都是 iOS 开发者集体高潮的时刻.第一天的 WWDC 带来了全新的 iOS 11.MacOS.tvOS 和 watchOS, ...
- 【MySQL】MySQL层级数据的递归遍历
层级的业务数据在系统中很常见,如组织机构.商品品类等. 如果要获取层级数据的全路径,除了缓存起来,就是递归访问的方式了: 将层级数据缓存在redis中,用redis递归获取层级结构.此方法效率高. 在 ...
- Specular Aliasing与Specular Leaking
最近做高质量实时HDR PBR渲染中碰到了2个关键问题,若干思考如下: 问题1: 极高的动态范围HDR+高级BRDF+相对较低的采样率(比方说不考虑子像素的原始分辨率),在这3项因素的综合作用下,Sp ...
- Python爬取新浪微博评论数据，写入csv文件中
因为新浪微博网页版爬虫比较困难,故采取用手机网页端爬取的方式 操作步骤如下: 1. 网页版登陆新浪微博 2.打开m.weibo.cn 3.查找自己感兴趣的话题,获取对应的数据接口链接 4.获取cook ...
- CTF之文件包含的猥琐思路
From: i春秋 百度杯”CTF 一: <?php include "flag.php"; //包含flag.php这个文件 $a = @$_REQUEST['hello' ...
- plsql 安装后database下拉没有东西（转）
转载自:http://www.cnblogs.com/yaobolove/p/5682982.html 今天来说一下问题,就是装了plsql竟然在database这一栏没有东西,我也是纠结了很久,感觉 ...