访问GitLab的PostgreSQL数据库,查询、修改、替换等操作

1.登陆gitlab的安装服务查看配置文件

cat /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/database.yml 

production:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  collation:
  database: gitlabhq_production  //数据库名
  pool:
  username: 'gitlab'  //用户名
  password:
  host: '/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql'  //主机
  port:
  socket:
  sslmode:
  sslrootcert:
  sslca:

查看/etc/passwd文件里边gitlab对应的系统用户

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:::root:/root:/bin/bash
gitlab-www:x::::/var/opt/gitlab/nginx:/bin/false
git:x::::/var/opt/gitlab:/bin/sh
gitlab-redis:x::::/var/opt/gitlab/redis:/bin/false
gitlab-psql:x::::/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql:/bin/sh  //gitlab的postgresql用户

2.根据上面的配置信息登陆postgresql数据库

[root@localhost ~]# su - gitlab-psql     //登陆用户

-sh-4.1$ psql -h /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql -d gitlabhq_production   //连接到gitlabhq_production库

psql (9.2.)
Type "help" for help.

gitlabhq_production=#  \h    //查看帮助命令

Available help:
ABORT CREATE FUNCTION DROP TABLE
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE GROUP DROP TABLESPACE
ALTER COLLATION CREATE INDEX DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER CONVERSION CREATE LANGUAGE DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER DATABASE CREATE OPERATOR DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
ALTER DOMAIN CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY DROP TRIGGER
ALTER EXTENSION CREATE ROLE DROP TYPE

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

gitlabhq_production-# \l     //查看数据库
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
---------------------+-------------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------
gitlabhq_production | gitlab | UTF8 | en_US.UTF- | en_US.UTF- |
postgres | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF- | en_US.UTF- |
template0 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF- | en_US.UTF- | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
template1 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF- | en_US.UTF- | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
( rows)

gitlabhq_production-# \c gitlabhq_production //进入gitlabhq_production库

gitlabhq_production-# \dt   //查看多表
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+--------------------------------------+-------+--------
public | abuse_reports | table | gitlab
public | appearances | table | gitlab
public | application_settings | table | gitlab
public | audit_events | table | gitlab
public | award_emoji | table | gitlab
public | boards | table | gitlab
public | broadcast_messages | table | gitlab

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

gitlabhq_production-# \d abuse_reports    //查看单表
Table "public.abuse_reports"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('abuse_reports_id_seq'::regclass)
reporter_id | integer |
user_id | integer |
message | text |
created_at | timestamp without time zone |
updated_at | timestamp without time zone |
message_html | text |
Indexes:
"abuse_reports_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)

gitlabhq_production-# \di    //查看索引
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table 

--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------
------
public | abuse_reports_pkey | index | gitlab | abuse_reports
public | appearances_pkey | index | gitlab | appearances
public | application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | application_settings
public | audit_events_pkey | index | gitlab | audit_events
public | award_emoji_pkey | index | gitlab | award_emoji
public | boards_pkey | index | gitlab | boards
public | broadcast_messages_pkey | index | gitlab | broadcast_messages
public | chat_names_pkey | index | gitlab | chat_names
public | ci_application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_application_settings
public | ci_builds_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_builds
public | ci_commits_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_commits

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

gitlabhq_production=# SELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace;  //查看所有表空间

spcname
------------
pg_default
pg_global
( rows)

gitlabhq_production-# \q    //退出psql
-sh-4.1$ exit                //退出登录用户
logout

批量替换某个表字段的字符串

update tableA set field=replace(field,'value1','value2')

导出整个库：

pg_dump -h 127.0.0.1 -U testuser test >test.sql

导入整个库

psql -U testuser test < test.sql

注意：这里的testuser是postgres用户，test是数据库名称，而且，testuser需要有test的权限