ServletRequest

/**
 * Defines an object to provide client request information to a servlet.  The
 * servlet container creates a <code>ServletRequest</code> object and passes
 * it as an argument to the servlet's <code>service</code> method.
 * <p>A <code>ServletRequest</code> object provides data including
 * parameter name and values, attributes, and an input stream.
 * Interfaces that extend <code>ServletRequest</code> can provide
 * additional protocol-specific data (for example, HTTP data is
 * provided by {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest}.
 * @author 	Various
 * @version 	$Version$
 * @see 	javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
 */
//定义一个对象将客户端的请求信息传递给Servlet，Servlet 容器会创建一个ServletRequest对象并床的它的参数给Servlet的service方法
//一个ServletRequest对象提供的数据包括参数name和value，属性和一个输入流
//一个接口继承了ServletRequest会提供额外的特别的协议数据
public interface ServletRequest {
    /**
     * Returns the value of the named attribute as an <code>Object</code>,
     * or <code>null</code> if no attribute of the given name exists.
     * <p> Attributes can be set two ways.  The servlet container may set
     * attributes to make available custom information about a request.
     * For example, for requests made using HTTPS, the attribute
     * <code>javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate</code> can be used to
     * retrieve information on the certificate of the client.  Attributes
     * can also be set programatically using
     * {@link ServletRequest#setAttribute}.  This allows information to be
     * embedded into a request before a {@link RequestDispatcher} call.
     * <p>Attribute names should follow the same conventions as package
     * names. This specification reserves names matching <code>java.*</code>,
     * <code>javax.*</code>, and <code>sun.*</code>.
     * @param name	a <code>String</code> specifying the name of 	the attribute
     * @return		an <code>Object</code> containing the value of the attribute, or <code>null</code> if
     *			the attribute does not exist
     */
	//获得name的属性对象，
    public Object getAttribute(String name);
    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing the
     * names of the attributes available to this request.
     * This method returns an empty <code>Enumeration</code>
     * if the request has no attributes available to it.
     * @return		an <code>Enumeration</code> of strings
     *			containing the names of the request's attributes
     */
    //返回一个枚举包含了这个Request有效的属性的name
    public Enumeration getAttributeNames();
    /**
     * Returns the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
     * request. This method returns <code>null</code> if the request
     * does not specify a character encoding
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the name of
     *			the character encoding, or <code>null</code>if the request does not specify a character encoding
     */
    //返回这个Request请求的body所使用的字符类型
    public String getCharacterEncoding();
 
    /**
     * Overrides the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
     * request. This method must be called prior to reading request parameters
     * or reading input using getReader().
     * @param env	a <code>String</code> containing the name of the character encoding.
     * @throws		java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if this is not a valid encoding
     */
    //覆盖这个请求body中的字符类型
    public void setCharacterEncoding(String env) throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    /**
     * Returns the length, in bytes, of the request body
     * and made available by the input stream, or -1 if the
     * length is not known. For HTTP servlets, same as the value
     * of the CGI variable CONTENT_LENGTH.
     * @return		an integer containing the length of the
     * 			request body or -1 if the length is not known
     */
    //返回输入流的长度
    public int getContentLength();
    /**
     * Returns the MIME type of the body of the request, or
     * <code>null</code> if the type is not known. For HTTP servlets,
     * same as the value of the CGI variable CONTENT_TYPE.
     *
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the name
     *			of the MIME type of
     * 			the request, or null if the type is not known
     *
     */
    //返回请求体中的文件类型
    public String getContentType();
    /**
     * Retrieves the body of the request as binary data using
     * a {@link ServletInputStream}.  Either this method or
     * {@link #getReader} may be called to read the body, not both.
     * @return			a {@link ServletInputStream} object containing	the body of the request
     * @exception IllegalStateException  if the {@link #getReader} method	 has already been called for this request
     * @exception IOException    	if an input or output exception occurred
     */
    //检索请求体中的二进制数据
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
    /**
     * Returns the value of a request parameter as a <code>String</code>,
     * or <code>null</code> if the parameter does not exist. Request parameters
     * are extra information sent with the request.  For HTTP servlets,
     * parameters are contained in the query string or posted form data.
     * <p>You should only use this method when you are sure the
     * parameter has only one value. If the parameter might have
     * more than one value, use {@link #getParameterValues}.
     * <p>If you use this method with a multivalued
     * parameter, the value returned is equal to the first value
     * in the array returned by <code>getParameterValues</code>.
     * <p>If the parameter data was sent in the request body, such as occurs
     * with an HTTP POST request, then reading the body directly via {@link
     * #getInputStream} or {@link #getReader} can interfere
     * with the execution of this method.
     * @param name 	a <code>String</code> specifying the
     *			name of the parameter
     * @return		a <code>String</code> representing the
     *			single value of the parameter
     * @see 		#getParameterValues
     */
    //返回参数name的值，当parameter有一个值时，有多个值时使用getParameterValues
    public String getParameter(String name);
    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code>
     * objects containing the names of the parameters contained
     * in this request. If the request has
     * no parameters, the method returns an
     * empty <code>Enumeration</code>.
     * @return		an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code>
     *			objects, each <code>String</code> containing
     * 			the name of a request parameter; or an
     *			empty <code>Enumeration</code> if the
     *			request has no parameters
     */
    //返回所有参数的name作为一个枚举
    public Enumeration getParameterNames();
    /**
     * Returns an array of <code>String</code> objects containing
     * all of the values the given request parameter has, or
     * <code>null</code> if the parameter does not exist.
     * <p>If the parameter has a single value, the array has a length
     * of 1.
     * @param name	a <code>String</code> containing the name of
     *			the parameter whose value is requested
     * @return		an array of <code>String</code> objects
     *			containing the parameter's values
     * @see		#getParameter
     *
     */
    //返回name参数的所有值
    public String[] getParameterValues(String name);
 
    /** Returns a java.util.Map of the parameters of this request.
     * Request parameters
     * are extra information sent with the request.  For HTTP servlets,
     * parameters are contained in the query string or posted form data.
     * @return an immutable java.util.Map containing parameter names as
     * keys and parameter values as map values. The keys in the parameter
     * map are of type String. The values in the parameter map are of type
     * String array.
     */
    public Map getParameterMap();
    /**
     * Returns the name and version of the protocol the request uses
     * in the form <i>protocol/majorVersion.minorVersion</i>, for
     * example, HTTP/1.1. For HTTP servlets, the value
     * returned is the same as the value of the CGI variable
     * <code>SERVER_PROTOCOL</code>.
     */
    //返回请求协议的name和版本
    public String getProtocol();
    /**
     * Returns the name of the scheme used to make this request,  for example,
     * <code>http</code>, <code>https</code>, or <code>ftp</code>.
     * Different schemes have different rules for constructing URLs,
     * as noted in RFC 1738.
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the name
     *			of the scheme used to make this request
     */
    //返回协议名称 http、https、ftp
    public String getScheme();
    /**
     * Returns the host name of the server to which the request was sent.
     * It is the value of the part before ":" in the <code>Host</code>
     * header value, if any, or the resolved server name, or the server IP address.
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the name
     */
    //获得请求发送的服务器名称
    public String getServerName();
    /**
     * Returns the port number to which the request was sent.
     * It is the value of the part after ":" in the <code>Host</code>
     * header value, if any, or the server port where the client connection
     * was accepted on.
     * @return		an integer specifying the port number
     */
    //获得请求发送的端口
    public int getServerPort();
    /**
     * Retrieves the body of the request as character data using
     * a <code>BufferedReader</code>.  The reader translates the character
     * data according to the character encoding used on the body.
     * Either this method or {@link #getInputStream} may be called to read the body, not both.
     * @return					a <code>BufferedReader</code> containing the body of the request
     * @exception UnsupportedEncodingException 	if the character set encoding	used is not supported and the
     *						text cannot be decoded
     * @exception IllegalStateException   	if {@link #getInputStream} method	has been called on this request
     * @exception IOException  			if an input or output exception occurred
     * @see 					#getInputStream
     */
    //检索请求body数据作为字符数据使用bufferedReader
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException;
    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client
     * or last proxy that sent the request.
     * For HTTP servlets, same as the value of the
     * CGI variable <code>REMOTE_ADDR</code>.
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the
     *			IP address of the client that sent the request
     */
    //获得客户端或最后一次代理的IP地址
    public String getRemoteAddr();
    /**
     * Returns the fully qualified name of the client
     * or the last proxy that sent the request.
     * If the engine cannot or chooses not to resolve the hostname
     * (to improve performance), this method returns the dotted-string form of
     * the IP address. For HTTP servlets, same as the value of the CGI variable
     * <code>REMOTE_HOST</code>.
     * @return		a <code>String</code> containing the fully
     *			qualified name of the client
     */
    //获得发送请求的主机名或最后一次代理的主机名
    public String getRemoteHost();
    /**
     * Stores an attribute in this request.
     * Attributes are reset between requests.  This method is most
     * often used in conjunction with {@link RequestDispatcher}.
     * <p>Attribute names should follow the same conventions as
     * package names. Names beginning with <code>java.*</code>,
     * <code>javax.*</code>, and <code>com.sun.*</code>, are
     * reserved for use by Sun Microsystems.
     *<br> If the object passed in is null, the effect is the same as
     * calling {@link #removeAttribute}.
     * <br> It is warned that when the request is dispatched from the
     * servlet resides in a different web application by
     * <code>RequestDispatcher</code>, the object set by this method
     * may not be correctly retrieved in the caller servlet.
     * @param name			a <code>String</code> specifying
     *					the name of the attribute
     * @param o				the <code>Object</code> to be stored
     */
    //在请求中设置一个属性
    public void setAttribute(String name, Object o);
 
    /**
     *
     * Removes an attribute from this request.  This method is not
     * generally needed as attributes only persist as long as the request
     * is being handled.
     *
     * <p>Attribute names should follow the same conventions as
     * package names. Names beginning with <code>java.*</code>,
     * <code>javax.*</code>, and <code>com.sun.*</code>, are
     * reserved for use by Sun Microsystems.
     * @param name			a <code>String</code> specifying
     *					the name of the attribute to remove
     */
    //删除一个请求中的一个属性name
    public void removeAttribute(String name);
    /**
     * Returns the preferred <code>Locale</code> that the client will
     * accept content in, based on the Accept-Language header.
     * If the client request doesn't provide an Accept-Language header,
     * this method returns the default locale for the server.
     * @return		the preferred <code>Locale</code> for the client
     */
    //
    public Locale getLocale();
    /**
     * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>Locale</code> objects
     * indicating, in decreasing order starting with the preferred locale, the
     * locales that are acceptable to the client based on the Accept-Language header.
     * If the client request doesn't provide an Accept-Language header,
     * this method returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing one
     * <code>Locale</code>, the default locale for the server.
     * @return		an <code>Enumeration</code> of preferred        <code>Locale</code> objects for the client
     */
 
    public Enumeration getLocales();
    /**
     *
     * Returns a boolean indicating whether this request was made using a
     * secure channel, such as HTTPS.
     * @return		a boolean indicating if the request was made using a
     *                  secure channel
     */
    //是否使用的安全性的通道
    public boolean isSecure();
    /**
     * Returns a {@link RequestDispatcher} object that acts as a wrapper for
     * the resource located at the given path.
     * A <code>RequestDispatcher</code> object can be used to forward
     * a request to the resource or to include the resource in a response.
     * The resource can be dynamic or static.
     * <p>The pathname specified may be relative, although it cannot extend
     * outside the current servlet context.  If the path begins with
     * a "/" it is interpreted as relative to the current context root.
     * This method returns <code>null</code> if the servlet container
     * cannot return a <code>RequestDispatcher</code>.
     * <p>The difference between this method and {@link
     * ServletContext#getRequestDispatcher} is that this method can take a
     * relative path.
     * @param path      a <code>String</code> specifying the pathname
     *                  to the resource. If it is relative, it must be
     *                  relative against the current servlet.
     * @return          a <code>RequestDispatcher</code> object
     *                  that acts as a wrapper for the resource
     *                  at the specified path, or <code>null</code>
     *                  if the servlet container cannot return a
     *                  <code>RequestDispatcher</code>
     * @see             RequestDispatcher
     * @see             ServletContext#getRequestDispatcher
     */
    //
    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
 
    /**
     *
     * @deprecated 	As of Version 2.1 of the Java Servlet API,
     * 			use {@link ServletContext#getRealPath} instead.
     *
     */
 
    public String getRealPath(String path);
 
    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) source port of the client
     * or last proxy that sent the request.
     *
     * @return	an integer specifying the port number
     *
     * @since 2.4
     */
    //获得IP端口
    public int getRemotePort();
    /**
     * Returns the host name of the Internet Protocol (IP) interface on
     * which the request was received.
     * @return	a <code>String</code> containing the host
     *		name of the IP on which the request was received.
     * @since 2.4
     */
    //获得请求的主机名
    public String getLocalName();
    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the interface on
     * which the request  was received.
     * @return	a <code>String</code> containing the
     *		IP address on which the request was received.
     * @since 2.4
     */
    //获取请求的服务的IP地址
    public String getLocalAddr();
    /**
     * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) port number of the interface
     * on which the request was received.
     * @return an integer specifying the port number
     * @since 2.4
     */
    //端口
    public int getLocalPort();
 
}