openstack中Neutron组件简解
一、Neutron概述
Neutron 的设计目标是实现“网络即服务（Networking as a Service）”。为了达到这一目标，在设计上遵循了基于 SDN 实现网络虚拟化的原则，在实现上充分利用了 Linux 系统上的各种网络相关的技术。
SDN 模式服务— NeutronSDN( 软件定义网络 ), 通过使用它，网络管理员和云计算操作员可以通过程序来动态定义虚拟网络设备。Openstack 网络中的 SDN 组件就是 Quantum.但因为版权问题而改名为Neutron
概念和功能
二层交换：
Neutron支持多种虚拟交换机，一般使用Linux Bridge和Open vSwitch创建传统的VLAN网络，以及基于隧道技术的Overlay网络，如VxLAN和GRE（Linux Bridge 目前只支持 VxLAN）。
三层交换：
Neutron从Juno版开始正式加入的DVR(Distributed Virtual Router)服务，它将原本集中在网络节点的部分服务分散到了计算节点上。可以通过namespace中使用ip route或者iptables实现路由或NAT，也可以通过openflow给OpenvSwitch下发流表来实现。
负载均衡：
LBaaS 支持多种负载均衡产品和方案，不同的实现以 Plugin 的形式集成到 Neutron，通过HAProxy来实现。
防火墙：
Neutron有两种方式来保障instance和网络的安全性，分别是安全组以及防火墙功能，均可以通过iptables来实现，前者是限制进出instance的网络包，后者是进出虚拟路由器的网络包。
二、常用操作
1、网络管理
neutron
net-create Create a network for a given tenant.
net-delete Delete a given network.
net-list List networks that belong to a given tenant.
net-list-on-dhcp-agent List the networks on a DHCP agent.
net-show Show information of a given network.
net-update Update network information.
# 查看网络列表
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | subnets |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 451fd2af-e1eb-4437-bf71-53b5f91c10b5 | int-gre | 948ee8fd-8700-4f17-a356-f2b8c5880396 172.25.2.0/24 |
| 8a87c829-f1d2-452b-9d0d-2ff7f3c628c5 | acme-int-gre | aa96a0f8-7f32-4c4f-aadc-467ebf02bcf5 192.168.30.0/24 |
| 702c5142-f227-45ad-ab02-b5773ae0a166 | net-gre | ace98613-346e-4973-9364-99ae0fb1a3ce 192.168.20.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------+
# 创建外部网络
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-create --shared --router:external=true --provider:network_type gre net-test-gre
Created a new network:
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2021-11-01T22:02:46 |
| description | |
| id | 0268d645-e55f-4d0c-ba0c-a358d5b36eaa |
| ipv4_address_scope | |
| ipv6_address_scope | |
| is_default | False |
| mtu | 1458 |
| name | net-test-gre |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| provider:network_type | gre |
| provider:physical_network | |
| provider:segmentation_id | 46 |
| router:external | True |
| shared | True |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-01T22:02:46 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 创建内部网络
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-create --shared --provider:network_type gre int-test-gre
Created a new network:
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2021-11-01T22:03:45 |
| description | |
| id | 77f5fe53-15f4-4775-a04e-86aeb355c49e |
| ipv4_address_scope | |
| ipv6_address_scope | |
| mtu | 1458 |
| name | int-test-gre |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| provider:network_type | gre |
| provider:physical_network | |
| provider:segmentation_id | 75 |
| router:external | False |
| shared | True |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-01T22:03:45 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 查看网络详情
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-show int-test-gre
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2021-11-01T22:03:45 |
| description | |
| id | 77f5fe53-15f4-4775-a04e-86aeb355c49e |
| ipv4_address_scope | |
| ipv6_address_scope | |
| mtu | 1458 |
| name | int-test-gre |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| provider:network_type | gre |
| provider:physical_network | |
| provider:segmentation_id | 75 |
| router:external | False |
| shared | True |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-01T22:03:45 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 删除网络
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-delete int-test-gre
Deleted network: int-test-gre
# 更新网络
[root@controller ~]# openstack network set net-test-gre --name net-test11-gre --disable --no-share
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-show net-test11-gre
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | False |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| created_at | 2021-11-01T22:02:46 |
| description | |
| id | 0268d645-e55f-4d0c-ba0c-a358d5b36eaa |
| ipv4_address_scope | |
| ipv6_address_scope | |
| is_default | False |
| mtu | 1458 |
| name | net-test11-gre |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| provider:network_type | gre |
| provider:physical_network | |
| provider:segmentation_id | 46 |
| router:external | True |
| shared | False |
| status | ACTIVE |
| subnets | |
| tags | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-01T22:06:50 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
2、子网管理
neutron
subnet-create Create a subnet for a given tenant.
subnet-delete Delete a given subnet.
subnet-list List subnets that belong to a given tenant.
subnet-show Show information of a given subnet.
subnet-update Update subnet information.
# 创建外网子网
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-create net-gre 192.168.20.0/24 --name net-subnet01 --gateway 192.168.20.2 --allocation-pool start=192.168.20.101,end=192.168.20.240 --enable-dhcp --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8
Created a new subnet:
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.20.101", "end": "192.168.20.240"} |
| cidr | 192.168.20.0/24 |
| created_at | 2021-11-02T02:12:44 |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | 8.8.8.8 |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 192.168.20.2 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 0a750744-648a-4072-8e3b-453ee4123d3d |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | |
| ipv6_ra_mode | |
| name | net-subnet01 |
| network_id | 8c27039d-7652-4e70-ab16-3681ff8d128f |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-02T02:12:44 |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
# 创建内网子网
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-create int-gre 10.10.1.0/24 --name int-subnet01 --gateway 10.10.1.2 --allocation-pool start=10.10.1.101,end=10.10.1.240 --enable-dhcp
Created a new subnet:
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.1.101", "end": "10.10.1.240"} |
| cidr | 10.10.1.0/24 |
| created_at | 2021-11-07T01:54:48 |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 10.10.1.2 |
| host_routes | |
| id | 0ca0d421-d90f-4082-943b-ad24fb620821 |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | |
| ipv6_ra_mode | |
| name | int-subnet01 |
| network_id | 3b264885-ea04-45f4-abb9-27d6a88aa02a |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-07T01:54:48 |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------+
# 查看子网列表信息
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | cidr | allocation_pools |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| d6b592a6-ce17-4e52-924b-1d7c5963c4cf | int-subnet01 | 10.10.0.0/24 | {"start": "10.10.0.101", "end": "10.10.0.240"} |
| 0a750744-648a-4072-8e3b-453ee4123d3d | net-subnet01 | 192.168.20.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.20.101", "end": "192.168.20.240"} |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
# 查看子网详细信息
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-show net-subnet01
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.20.101", "end": "192.168.20.198"} |
| cidr | 192.168.20.0/24 |
| created_at | 2021-11-08T23:21:38 |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | 8.8.8.8 |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | 192.168.20.2 |
| host_routes | |
| id | f2f78780-c255-4392-9a25-10b84221b004 |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | |
| ipv6_ra_mode | |
| name | net-subnet01 |
| network_id | 74568ca5-10cb-4635-b0d9-bd8464df036b |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-08T23:21:38 |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
# 删除子网
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-delete int-subnet01
Deleted subnet: int-subnet01
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-delete net-subnet-test
Deleted subnet: net-subnet-test
# 修改子网
# 参数如下：
positional arguments:
SUBNET ID or name of subnet to update.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--request-format {json}
DEPRECATED! Only JSON request format is supported.
--name NAME Name of this subnet.
--gateway GATEWAY_IP Gateway IP of this subnet.
--no-gateway No distribution of gateway.
--allocation-pool start=IP_ADDR,end=IP_ADDR
Allocation pool IP addresses for this subnet (This
option can be repeated).
--host-route destination=CIDR,nexthop=IP_ADDR
Additional route (This option can be repeated).
--dns-nameserver DNS_NAMESERVER
DNS name server for this subnet (This option can be
repeated).
--disable-dhcp Disable DHCP for this subnet.
--enable-dhcp Enable DHCP for this subnet.
#案例
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-update net-subnet01 --name net-subnet-test --no-gateway --allocation-pool start=192.168.20.99,end=192.168.20.110
[root@controller ~]# neutron subnet-show net-subnet-test
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.20.99", "end": "192.168.20.110"} |
| cidr | 192.168.20.0/24 |
| created_at | 2021-11-02T02:12:44 |
| description | |
| dns_nameservers | 8.8.8.8 |
| enable_dhcp | True |
| gateway_ip | |
| host_routes | |
| id | 0a750744-648a-4072-8e3b-453ee4123d3d |
| ip_version | 4 |
| ipv6_address_mode | |
| ipv6_ra_mode | |
| name | net-subnet-test |
| network_id | 8c27039d-7652-4e70-ab16-3681ff8d128f |
| subnetpool_id | |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-02T02:30:18 |
+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
3、路由管理
neutron
router-create Create a router for a given tenant.
router-delete Delete a given router.
router-gateway-clear Remove an external network gateway from a router.
router-gateway-set Set the external network gateway for a router.
router-interface-add Add an internal network interface to a router.
router-interface-delete Remove an internal network interface from a router.
router-list List routers that belong to a given tenant.
router-list-on-l3-agent List the routers on a L3 agent.
router-port-list List ports that belong to a given tenant, with specified router.
router-show Show information of a given router.
router-update Update router information.
# 创建路由
neutron router-create <router-name>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-create router
Created a new router:
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| description | |
| distributed | False |
| external_gateway_info | |
| ha | False |
| id | 6936356c-878c-4470-943b-f971c14b8348 |
| name | router |
| routes | |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 查看路由列表
neutron router-list
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-list
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------------------+-------------+-------+
| id | name | external_gateway_info | distributed | ha |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------------------+-------------+-------+
| 6936356c-878c-4470-943b-f971c14b8348 | router | null | False | False |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------------------+-------------+-------+
# 查看路由详情
neutron router-show <router>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-show router
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| availability_zone_hints | |
| availability_zones | |
| description | |
| distributed | False |
| external_gateway_info | |
| ha | False |
| id | 6936356c-878c-4470-943b-f971c14b8348 |
| name | router |
| routes | |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 删除路由
neutron router-delete <router>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-delete router
Deleted router: router
# 添加外部网关
neutron router-gateway-set <router> <external-network(用neutron net-list查看)>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-gateway-set router01 net-gre
Set gateway for router router01
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-port-list router01
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | mac_address | fixed_ips |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 712873bf-5971-4047-bf85-9b983652a084 | | fa:16:3e:10:4c:5f | {"subnet_id": |
| | | | "d2e87691-4901-4606-bcb3-0c573ab56914", |
| | | | "ip_address": "192.168.20.102"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
# 删除外部网关
neutron router-gateway-clear <router>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-gateway-clear router01
Removed gateway from router router01
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-port-list router01
[空]
# 添加内部接口
neutron router-interface-add <router> <inner-subnet>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-interface-add router01 int-subnet
Added interface 43d0492c-2e44-448c-8e54-3a06976ccb55 to router router01.
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-port-list router01
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | mac_address | fixed_ips |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 43d0492c-2e44-448c-8e54-3a06976ccb55 | | fa:16:3e:9b:cd:01 | {"subnet_id": "0ca0d421-d90f-4082-943b- |
| | | | ad24fb620821", "ip_address": "10.10.1.2"} |
| b341273e-28a5-4616-baa0-1aaebe95c557 | | fa:16:3e:1d:54:0f | {"subnet_id": |
| | | | "d2e87691-4901-4606-bcb3-0c573ab56914", |
| | | | "ip_address": "192.168.20.103"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
# 删除内部接口
neutron router-interface-delete <router> subnet=<subnet>
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-interface-delete router01 subnet=int-subnet
Removed interface from router router01.
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-port-list router01
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | mac_address | fixed_ips |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| b341273e-28a5-4616-baa0-1aaebe95c557 | | fa:16:3e:1d:54:0f | {"subnet_id": |
| | | | "d2e87691-4901-4606-bcb3-0c573ab56914", |
| | | | "ip_address": "192.168.20.103"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
# 查看路由端口信息列表（外部网关、内部接口都添加好的情况）
[root@controller ~]# neutron router-port-list router01
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | mac_address | fixed_ips |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| b341273e-28a5-4616-baa0-1aaebe95c557 | | fa:16:3e:1d:54:0f | {"subnet_id": |
| | | | "d2e87691-4901-4606-bcb3-0c573ab56914", |
| | | | "ip_address": "192.168.20.103"} |
| c699cb6b-ce9e-41e2-ac1f-3bdad0f49ca3 | | fa:16:3e:6d:21:72 | {"subnet_id": "0ca0d421-d90f-4082-943b- |
| | | | ad24fb620821", "ip_address": "10.10.1.2"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
4、端口管理
neutron
port-create Create a port for a given tenant.
port-delete Delete a given port.
port-list List ports that belong to a given tenant.
port-show Show information of a given port.
port-update Update port information.
# 查看端口列表
[root@controller ~]# neutron port-list
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | mac_address | fixed_ips |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1b46a0d6-0df6-4f96-b3a3-d47aae6ed589 | | fa:16:3e:23:a2:36 | {"subnet_id": "4703dd26-cab3-4daa-ac25-da186e2d7371", "ip_address": "10.10.0.81"} |
| 40e657a2-f196-4fc5-a815-c9dbd613bc05 | | fa:16:3e:e0:95:15 | {"subnet_id": "f2f78780-c255-4392-9a25-10b84221b004", "ip_address": "192.168.20.101"} |
| 7fa18ceb-04aa-4f7e-824e-4ed5dc0ee0ee | | fa:16:3e:90:05:f0 | {"subnet_id": "f2f78780-c255-4392-9a25-10b84221b004", "ip_address": "192.168.20.102"} |
| 7fd9c4fa-9ecc-4cc6-ba72-fe5d8afe1a3c | | fa:16:3e:f2:5f:0c | {"subnet_id": "4703dd26-cab3-4daa-ac25-da186e2d7371", "ip_address": "10.10.0.82"} |
| ae3c993e-c48a-4a0c-9fe3-2f7a8cd0472a | | fa:16:3e:af:6c:ab | {"subnet_id": "f2f78780-c255-4392-9a25-10b84221b004", "ip_address": "192.168.20.103"} |
| c347316f-c880-4643-8eaf-8570e34aefb4 | | fa:16:3e:dd:7e:d3 | {"subnet_id": "4703dd26-cab3-4daa-ac25-da186e2d7371", "ip_address": "10.10.0.2"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# 查看端口详情
[root@controller ~]# neutron port-show 1b46a0d6-0df6-4f96-b3a3-d47aae6ed589
# 创建端口
[root@controller ~]# neutron port-create int-gre --name test-port
Created a new port:
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| allowed_address_pairs | |
| binding:host_id | |
| binding:profile | {} |
| binding:vif_details | {} |
| binding:vif_type | unbound |
| binding:vnic_type | normal |
| created_at | 2021-11-09T02:03:23 |
| description | |
| device_id | |
| device_owner | |
| dns_name | |
| extra_dhcp_opts | |
| fixed_ips | {"subnet_id": "4703dd26-cab3-4daa-ac25-da186e2d7371", "ip_address": "10.10.0.83"} |
| id | fea92586-6f36-48d6-a67d-8dd7fb21e062 |
| mac_address | fa:16:3e:ce:c2:39 |
| name | test-port |
| network_id | b85cd3c7-a864-422c-8a11-6e034a1539bb |
| port_security_enabled | True |
| security_groups | 486eaa38-8e3d-4214-96bc-e6fee9b81be6 |
| status | DOWN |
| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| updated_at | 2021-11-09T02:03:23 |
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
# 删除端口
[root@controller ~]# neutron port-delete test-port
Deleted port: test-port
# 修改端口
[root@controller ~]# neutron port-update test-port --name test-port-8080 --security-group 54c9ccb7-7f00-4485-898f-e4bbebafa73b
Updated port: test-port
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