python爬取快手小姐姐视频

流程分析

一、导入需要的三方库

import re    #正则表表达式文字匹配
import requests   #指定url，获取网页数据
import json    #转化json格式

import os     #创建文件

二、确定目标地址

快手的目标地址需要在https://www.kuaishou.com网站截取请求，需要在控制台network截取，找到真正的地址https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql

url = "https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql"   #目标网站url

三、确定数据位置

通过在network中搜索网页中显示的特定数据来确定data数据包，可以发现数据在data中。

四、伪装请求头、复制data数据

在控制台找到headers，复制里面的信息并手动转换成键值对的形式

在负载中找到以下信息，并封装到data里用于post请求

data = {    #封装data数据
        'operationName': "visionSearchPhoto",
        'query': "fragment photoContent on PhotoEntity {\n  id\n  duration\n  caption\n  likeCount\n  viewCount\n  realLikeCount\n  coverUrl\n  photoUrl\n  photoH265Url\n  manifest\n  manifestH265\n  videoResource\n  coverUrls {\n    url\n    __typename\n  }\n  timestamp\n  expTag\n  animatedCoverUrl\n  distance\n  videoRatio\n  liked\n  stereoType\n  profileUserTopPhoto\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment feedContent on Feed {\n  type\n  author {\n    id\n    name\n    headerUrl\n    following\n    headerUrls {\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  photo {\n    ...photoContent\n    __typename\n  }\n  canAddComment\n  llsid\n  status\n  currentPcursor\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery visionSearchPhoto($keyword: String, $pcursor: String, $searchSessionId: String, $page: String, $webPageArea: String) {\n  visionSearchPhoto(keyword: $keyword, pcursor: $pcursor, searchSessionId: $searchSessionId, page: $page, webPageArea: $webPageArea) {\n    result\n    llsid\n    webPageArea\n    feeds {\n      ...feedContent\n      __typename\n    }\n    searchSessionId\n    pcursor\n    aladdinBanner {\n      imgUrl\n      link\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n",
        'variables': {'keyword': keyword,'pcursor': str(page),'page':"search",'searchSessionId':"MTRfNTU2NDg2NDBfMTY1MTE0Njk1MTk5OV_mhaLmkYdfNjA0NQ"}
        }
 
    data = json.dumps(data)     #将字典数据data转换成需要的json
 
    headers = {     #伪装请求头，模拟浏览器访问
        'accept': "*/*",
        'Accept-Encoding' : "gzip,deflate,br",
        'Accept-Language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
        'Connection': "keep-alive",
        'Content-Length': "1279",
        'content-type': "application/json",
        'Cookie': "clientid=3; did=web_3a9d9e97c96c8d33eddd663ef9362703; client_key=65890b29; kpf=PC_WEB; kpn=KUAISHOU_VISION; userId=55648640; kuaishou.server.web_st=ChZrdWFpc2hvdS5zZXJ2ZXIud2ViLnN0EqABVSIs0T2ccYTa7qgMDgpAdRiErWNJyU1r87iKEYuIWEo_oJSNGq4aTBB5sq0bA7iLeCMOoX0grrEbBkpPmehOVWEs_tC-cDytf6dxSLnrE9-tRQaVcHziopazhh5rroA2XZmHEjHAe6z9-AHD0ZTxV9nJPHeI0-k0wfn9DHvDcj8ZUgQexbGwXDeH2wBV_WSuzutsd3d5oLNmN-90a33TXhoS6uws2LN-siMyPVYdMaXTUH7FIiBd27-7kiEEP6BHgx67BTXhdNPtfA88SZZL4Q_uQ09AuCgFMAE; kuaishou.server.web_ph=b0d04539ad2d77e13d866a70f9e56371c4a6",
        'Host' : "www.kuaishou.com",
        'Origin': "https://www.kuaishou.com",
        'Referer': "https://www.kuaishou.com/search/video?searchKey=%E6%85%A2%E6%91%87",
        'sec-ch-ua': '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Microsoft Edge";v="100"',
        'sec-ch-ua-mobile' : "?0",
        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '" "Windows" "',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': "empty",
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode':"cors",
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': "same-origin",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Linux;Android6.0;Nexus5 Build / MRA58N) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 99.0.4844.51Mobile Safari / 537.36"
    }

五、发出请求

向网站发起请求，需要用到第三方requests库，进行访问。

 response = requests.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data)     #向目标网站发出请求

六、数据解析

通过re库和xpath进行数据解析，解析到需要的数据封装到列表中。

json_data = response.json()    #转换json数据
    #print(json_data)
    feed_list = json_data['data']['visionSearchPhoto']['feeds']     #在标签中找出每一项的列表
    #print(feed_list)
 
    for feeds in feed_list:     #循环每一项
        title = feeds['photo']['caption']   #在网页中找出标题
        new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"<>\n]','_',title)   #去除标题中的特殊字符
        photoUrl = feeds['photo']['photoUrl']       #找到视频的url地址
        mp4_data = requests.get(photoUrl).content   #转换视频二进制形式

七、保存数据

创建文件夹，并将数据保存到文件夹中。需要用到os库。

def mkdir(path):  #创建文件夹
    # 引入模块
    import os     #引入第三方库
 
    # 去除首位空格
    path = path.strip()
    # 去除尾部 \ 符号
    path = path.rstrip("\\")
    # 判断路径是否存在
    # 存在     True
    # 不存在   False
    isExists = os.path.exists(path)
    # 判断结果
    if not isExists:
        # 如果不存在则创建目录
        # 创建目录操作函数
        os.makedirs(path)
        print(path + ' 创建成功')
        return True
    else:
        # 如果目录存在则不创建，并提示目录已存在
        print(path + ' 目录已存在')
        return False

 with open(keyword+'/'+ new_title +'.mp4',mode="wb") as f:   #设定保存数据路径
            f.write(mp4_data)   #保存数据
            print("保存成功！",new_title)

完整源代码

# -*- coding = utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2022/4/28 10:48
# @Author :王敬博
# @File : 快手小姐姐.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import re    #正则表表达式文字匹配
import requests   #指定url，获取网页数据
import json    #转化json格式
 
def mkdir(path):  #创建文件夹
    # 引入模块
    import os     #引入第三方库
 
    # 去除首位空格
    path = path.strip()
    # 去除尾部 \ 符号
    path = path.rstrip("\\")
    # 判断路径是否存在
    # 存在     True
    # 不存在   False
    isExists = os.path.exists(path)
    # 判断结果
    if not isExists:
        # 如果不存在则创建目录
        # 创建目录操作函数
        os.makedirs(path)
        print(path + ' 创建成功')
        return True
    else:
        # 如果目录存在则不创建，并提示目录已存在
        print(path + ' 目录已存在')
        return False
 
url = "https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql"   #目标网站url
 
keyword = input("请输入想要搜索的关键词")      #搜索关键字
mkpath = "d:\\pywork\\demo02\\"+keyword    #创建的文件路径
mkdir(mkpath)       #调用函数，创建文件夹
 
for page in range(1,5):     #爬取4页
    print("==================第%d页================="%page)   #打印爬取的页数
    data = {    #封装data数据
        'operationName': "visionSearchPhoto",
        'query': "fragment photoContent on PhotoEntity {\n  id\n  duration\n  caption\n  likeCount\n  viewCount\n  realLikeCount\n  coverUrl\n  photoUrl\n  photoH265Url\n  manifest\n  manifestH265\n  videoResource\n  coverUrls {\n    url\n    __typename\n  }\n  timestamp\n  expTag\n  animatedCoverUrl\n  distance\n  videoRatio\n  liked\n  stereoType\n  profileUserTopPhoto\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment feedContent on Feed {\n  type\n  author {\n    id\n    name\n    headerUrl\n    following\n    headerUrls {\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  photo {\n    ...photoContent\n    __typename\n  }\n  canAddComment\n  llsid\n  status\n  currentPcursor\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery visionSearchPhoto($keyword: String, $pcursor: String, $searchSessionId: String, $page: String, $webPageArea: String) {\n  visionSearchPhoto(keyword: $keyword, pcursor: $pcursor, searchSessionId: $searchSessionId, page: $page, webPageArea: $webPageArea) {\n    result\n    llsid\n    webPageArea\n    feeds {\n      ...feedContent\n      __typename\n    }\n    searchSessionId\n    pcursor\n    aladdinBanner {\n      imgUrl\n      link\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n",
        'variables': {'keyword': keyword,'pcursor': str(page),'page':"search",'searchSessionId':"MTRfNTU2NDg2NDBfMTY1MTE0Njk1MTk5OV_mhaLmkYdfNjA0NQ"}
        }
 
    data = json.dumps(data)     #将字典数据data转换成需要的json
 
    headers = {     #伪装请求头，模拟浏览器访问
        'accept': "*/*",
        'Accept-Encoding' : "gzip,deflate,br",
        'Accept-Language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
        'Connection': "keep-alive",
        'Content-Length': "1279",
        'content-type': "application/json",
        'Cookie': "clientid=3; did=web_3a9d9e97c96c8d33eddd663ef9362703; client_key=65890b29; kpf=PC_WEB; kpn=KUAISHOU_VISION; userId=55648640; kuaishou.server.web_st=ChZrdWFpc2hvdS5zZXJ2ZXIud2ViLnN0EqABVSIs0T2ccYTa7qgMDgpAdRiErWNJyU1r87iKEYuIWEo_oJSNGq4aTBB5sq0bA7iLeCMOoX0grrEbBkpPmehOVWEs_tC-cDytf6dxSLnrE9-tRQaVcHziopazhh5rroA2XZmHEjHAe6z9-AHD0ZTxV9nJPHeI0-k0wfn9DHvDcj8ZUgQexbGwXDeH2wBV_WSuzutsd3d5oLNmN-90a33TXhoS6uws2LN-siMyPVYdMaXTUH7FIiBd27-7kiEEP6BHgx67BTXhdNPtfA88SZZL4Q_uQ09AuCgFMAE; kuaishou.server.web_ph=b0d04539ad2d77e13d866a70f9e56371c4a6",
        'Host' : "www.kuaishou.com",
        'Origin': "https://www.kuaishou.com",
        'Referer': "https://www.kuaishou.com/search/video?searchKey=%E6%85%A2%E6%91%87",
        'sec-ch-ua': '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Microsoft Edge";v="100"',
        'sec-ch-ua-mobile' : "?0",
        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '" "Windows" "',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': "empty",
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode':"cors",
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': "same-origin",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Linux;Android6.0;Nexus5 Build / MRA58N) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 99.0.4844.51Mobile Safari / 537.36"
    }
 
    response = requests.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data)     #向目标网站发出请求
    json_data = response.json()    #转换json数据
    #print(json_data)
    feed_list = json_data['data']['visionSearchPhoto']['feeds']     #在标签中找出每一项的列表
    #print(feed_list)
 
    for feeds in feed_list:     #循环每一项
        title = feeds['photo']['caption']   #在网页中找出标题
        new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"<>\n]','_',title)   #去除标题中的特殊字符
        photoUrl = feeds['photo']['photoUrl']       #找到视频的url地址
        mp4_data = requests.get(photoUrl).content   #转换视频二进制形式
        with open(keyword+'/'+ new_title +'.mp4',mode="wb") as f:   #设定保存数据路径
            f.write(mp4_data)   #保存数据
            print("保存成功！",new_title)

效果展示

总结

这次爬取的流程以及源代码是从bili的课程中学到的，大概用了3个小时左右，个人感觉第一次爬取动态网页还是找到数据是比较难的。通过这次实践我终于体会到了程序员的快乐(谁不喜欢看小姐姐呢)，嘿嘿嘿!

如果有问题可以私聊我，如果对你有帮助的话，记得个赞哦！