【ASP.NET Core快速入门】（十三）Individual authentication 模板、EF Core Migration

Individual authentication 模板

我们首先用VSCode新建一个mvc的网站，这个网站创立的时候回自动为我们创建Identuty Core以及EF Core的代码示例，我们可以用命令    dotnet new mvc --help    来查看一些参数：

由于我们创建mvc项目是默认不带Identity验证的，所以我们要加上下面的  -au|--auth  参数来使用Individual创建带Identity验证的网站

还有一个参数  -uld|--use-local-db   参数来使用本地数据库，在VSCode默认的是使用SqlLite，在VS2017中默认使用的是LocalDB。

接下来我们就可以使用以下命令创建包含Identity的mvc网站IdentitySample

dotnet new mvc -au Individual -uld --name IdentitySample

创建完成后我们打开创建的项目，然后查看appsettings.json，发现已经默认创建了数据库连接，我们可以将数据库修改成自己的数据库地址

同时我们可以打开Startup.cs可以查看数据库配置以及Identity验证已经帮我们添加好了

接下来我们初始化一下数据库，否则启动之后会报错，所以我们要使用EF Core的Migration命令来初始化数据库。

我们使用的第一个命令是  dotnet ef database update  他会根据当前migration文件夹下的文件来帮我们进行数据库的创建和更新。

我们可以在终端看到执行的sql语句

PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Demo2\IdentitySample> dotnet ef database update
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[]
      User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest.
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[]
      Entity Framework Core 2.0.-rtm- initialized 'ApplicationDbContext' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer' with options: None
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (714ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE DATABASE [aspnet-IdentitySample-9A22BB3E-8D53-4F44-B533-2EF927C959DE];
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (192ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      IF SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') <>  EXEC(N'ALTER DATABASE [aspnet-IdentitySample-9A22BB3E-8D53-4F44-B533-2EF927C959DE] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON;');
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (7ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [__EFMigrationsHistory] (
          [MigrationId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [ProductVersion] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK___EFMigrationsHistory] PRIMARY KEY ([MigrationId])
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (33ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      SELECT OBJECT_ID(N'__EFMigrationsHistory');
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      SELECT [MigrationId], [ProductVersion]
      FROM [__EFMigrationsHistory]
      ORDER BY [MigrationId];
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations[]
      Applying migration '00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema'.
Applying migration '00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema'.
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetRoles] (
          [Id] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [ConcurrencyStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [Name] nvarchar() NULL,
          [NormalizedName] nvarchar() NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetRoles] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (15ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserTokens] (
          [UserId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [LoginProvider] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [Name] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [Value] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserTokens] PRIMARY KEY ([UserId], [LoginProvider], [Name])
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (15ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetUsers] (
          [Id] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [AccessFailedCount] int NOT NULL,
          [ConcurrencyStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [Email] nvarchar() NULL,
          [EmailConfirmed] bit NOT NULL,
          [LockoutEnabled] bit NOT NULL,
          [LockoutEnd] datetimeoffset NULL,
          [NormalizedEmail] nvarchar() NULL,
          [NormalizedUserName] nvarchar() NULL,
          [PasswordHash] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [PhoneNumber] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [PhoneNumberConfirmed] bit NOT NULL,
          [SecurityStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [TwoFactorEnabled] bit NOT NULL,
          [UserName] nvarchar() NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUsers] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (8ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetRoleClaims] (
          [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
          [ClaimType] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [ClaimValue] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [RoleId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetRoleClaims] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
          CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetRoleClaims_AspNetRoles_RoleId] FOREIGN KEY ([RoleId]) REFERENCES [AspNetRoles] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserClaims] (
          [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
          [ClaimType] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [ClaimValue] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [UserId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserClaims] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
          CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserClaims_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserLogins] (
          [LoginProvider] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [ProviderKey] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [ProviderDisplayName] nvarchar(max) NULL,
          [UserId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserLogins] PRIMARY KEY ([LoginProvider], [ProviderKey]),
          CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserLogins_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (2ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserRoles] (
          [UserId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          [RoleId] nvarchar() NOT NULL,
          CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserRoles] PRIMARY KEY ([UserId], [RoleId]),
          CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetRoles_RoleId] FOREIGN KEY ([RoleId]) REFERENCES [AspNetRoles] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE,
          CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
      );
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [RoleNameIndex] ON [AspNetRoles] ([NormalizedName]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetRoleClaims_RoleId] ON [AspNetRoleClaims] ([RoleId]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserClaims_UserId] ON [AspNetUserClaims] ([UserId]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserLogins_UserId] ON [AspNetUserLogins] ([UserId]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserRoles_RoleId] ON [AspNetUserRoles] ([RoleId]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserRoles_UserId] ON [AspNetUserRoles] ([UserId]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE INDEX [EmailIndex] ON [AspNetUsers] ([NormalizedEmail]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (0ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [UserNameIndex] ON [AspNetUsers] ([NormalizedUserName]);
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      INSERT INTO [__EFMigrationsHistory] ([MigrationId], [ProductVersion])
      VALUES (N'00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema', N'2.0.0-rtm-26452');
Done.

然后我们去数据库就可以查看到我们创建的数据库和数据表了

接下来我们运行  dotnet run  来运行我们创建的mvc网站，发现已经实现了登录和注册，以及前后台验证

EF Core Migration

手动命令行的方式

VSCode	VS2017	说明
dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate	Add-Migration	对当前EF实体模型增加一个配置文件
dotnet ef database update	Update-Database	对当前版本进行更新
dotnet ef migrations remove	Remove-Migration	删除最新的Migration
dotnet ef database update LastGoodMigration	Update-Database LastGoodMigration	对指定版本进行更新
dotnet ef migrations script	Script-Migration	对当前更新生成一个sql的脚本，我们可以使用脚本到数据库取执行

接下来我们实践一下，我们来操作一下数据库中的AspNetUsers表，我们打开项目中的ApplicationUser.cs，添加新属性NewColumn

然后我们使用命令  dotnet ef migrations add AddNewColumn  生成配置文件

这个时候数据库是没有进行更新的，我们只有执行  dotnet ef database update  命令才会更新到数据库

接下来我们继续打开项目中的ApplicationUser.cs，添加新属性Address

然后我们使用命令  dotnet ef migrations add AddAddress  生成配置文件

执行  dotnet ef database update  命令更新到数据库

接下来我们使用  dotnet ef database update AddNewColumn  就可以将数据库回滚到指定的版本

接下来执行  dotnet ef migrations remove  命令会将当前项目之后没有用的配置文件删除，我们这里执行后会将AddAddress配置文件删除

PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Demo2\IdentitySample> dotnet ef migrations remove
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[]
      User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest.
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[]
      Entity Framework Core 2.0.-rtm- initialized 'ApplicationDbContext' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer' with options: None
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (8ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      SELECT OBJECT_ID(N'__EFMigrationsHistory');
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[]
      Executed DbCommand (8ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='']
      SELECT [MigrationId], [ProductVersion]
      FROM [__EFMigrationsHistory]
      ORDER BY [MigrationId];
Removing migration '20180105053249_AddAddress'.
Reverting model snapshot.
Done.

我们可以用  dotnet ef migrations script  命令来生成sql脚本，我们可以将sql拷贝出来放在数据库取执行。

IF OBJECT_ID(N'__EFMigrationsHistory') IS NULL
BEGIN
    CREATE TABLE [__EFMigrationsHistory] (
        [MigrationId] nvarchar(150) NOT NULL,
        [ProductVersion] nvarchar(32) NOT NULL,
        CONSTRAINT [PK___EFMigrationsHistory] PRIMARY KEY ([MigrationId])
    );
END;

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetRoles] (
    [Id] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [ConcurrencyStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    [NormalizedName] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetRoles] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserTokens] (
    [UserId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [LoginProvider] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [Name] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [Value] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserTokens] PRIMARY KEY ([UserId], [LoginProvider], [Name])
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetUsers] (
    [Id] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [AccessFailedCount] int NOT NULL,
    [ConcurrencyStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [Email] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    [EmailConfirmed] bit NOT NULL,
    [LockoutEnabled] bit NOT NULL,
    [LockoutEnd] datetimeoffset NULL,
    [NormalizedEmail] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    [NormalizedUserName] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    [PasswordHash] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [PhoneNumber] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [PhoneNumberConfirmed] bit NOT NULL,
    [SecurityStamp] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [TwoFactorEnabled] bit NOT NULL,
    [UserName] nvarchar(256) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUsers] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetRoleClaims] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [ClaimType] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [ClaimValue] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [RoleId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetRoleClaims] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetRoleClaims_AspNetRoles_RoleId] FOREIGN KEY ([RoleId]) REFERENCES [AspNetRoles] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserClaims] (
    [Id] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [ClaimType] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [ClaimValue] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [UserId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserClaims] PRIMARY KEY ([Id]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserClaims_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserLogins] (
    [LoginProvider] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [ProviderKey] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [ProviderDisplayName] nvarchar(max) NULL,
    [UserId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserLogins] PRIMARY KEY ([LoginProvider], [ProviderKey]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserLogins_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);

GO

CREATE TABLE [AspNetUserRoles] (
    [UserId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    [RoleId] nvarchar(450) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_AspNetUserRoles] PRIMARY KEY ([UserId], [RoleId]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetRoles_RoleId] FOREIGN KEY ([RoleId]) REFERENCES [AspNetRoles] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);

GO

CREATE INDEX [RoleNameIndex] ON [AspNetRoles] ([NormalizedName]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetRoleClaims_RoleId] ON [AspNetRoleClaims] ([RoleId]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserClaims_UserId] ON [AspNetUserClaims] ([UserId]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserLogins_UserId] ON [AspNetUserLogins] ([UserId]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserRoles_RoleId] ON [AspNetUserRoles] ([RoleId]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [IX_AspNetUserRoles_UserId] ON [AspNetUserRoles] ([UserId]);

GO

CREATE INDEX [EmailIndex] ON [AspNetUsers] ([NormalizedEmail]);

GO

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [UserNameIndex] ON [AspNetUsers] ([NormalizedUserName]);

GO

INSERT INTO [__EFMigrationsHistory] ([MigrationId], [ProductVersion])
VALUES (N'00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema', N'2.0.0-rtm-26452');

GO

DROP INDEX [UserNameIndex] ON [AspNetUsers];

GO

DROP INDEX [IX_AspNetUserRoles_UserId] ON [AspNetUserRoles];

GO

DROP INDEX [RoleNameIndex] ON [AspNetRoles];

GO

ALTER TABLE [AspNetUsers] ADD [NewColumn] nvarchar(max) NULL;

GO

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [UserNameIndex] ON [AspNetUsers] ([NormalizedUserName]) WHERE [NormalizedUserName] IS NOT NULL;

GO

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [RoleNameIndex] ON [AspNetRoles] ([NormalizedName]) WHERE [NormalizedName] IS NOT NULL;

GO

ALTER TABLE [AspNetUserTokens] ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_AspNetUserTokens_AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE;

GO

INSERT INTO [__EFMigrationsHistory] ([MigrationId], [ProductVersion])
VALUES (N'20180105034732_AddNewColumn', N'2.0.0-rtm-26452');

GO