Linux安装mysql过程(转+完善)

http://blog.csdn.net/jerome_s/article/details/52883234
yum 安装MySQL

 

1. 检查安装情况

 

        查看有没有安装过：

        yum list installed MySQL* （有存在要卸载yum remove MySQL*）

        rpm -qa | grep mysql*

 

        查看有没有安装包：

        yum list mysql*

 

2. 安装 MySQL

 

        安装 MySQL 客户端：

        yum -y install mysql

 

        安装 MySQL 服务器端：

        yum -y install mysql-server  mysql-devel

 

3. 配置和启动

 

        数据库字符集设置：

        MySQL 配置文件/etc/my.cnf中加入default-character-set=utf8

    

        启动 MySQL 服务： 

        service mysqld start或者/etc/init.d/mysqld start

 

        设置开机启动：

        添加开机启动：chkconfig --add mysqld;

        开机启动：chkconfig mysqld on;

        查看开机启动设置是否成功chkconfig --list | grep mysql* mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭停止：

 

        停止 MySQL 服务： 

        service mysqld stop

 

4.  MySQL 登陆等权限设置

 

        登录 MySQL 数据库：

        mysq -u root password 123456

 

        首次使用创建root管理员和密码：

        （mysql -u root -p输入密码即可？）

        mysql -u root;

        use mysql ;

        update user set password=password("123456") where user="root";

        flush privileges;

 

        忘记密码：

        service mysqld stop;

        mysqld_safe --user=root --skip-grant-tables;

        这一步骤执行的时候不会出现新的命令行，你需要重新打开一个窗口执行下面的命令

        mysql -u root;

        use mysql ;

        update user set password=password("123456") where user="root";

        flush privileges;

 

如果需要外网可以访问需要再做如下设置：

        授权用户可以从远程登陆

        grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to root@'%'  identified by 'pwd123';

        flush privileges ;

 

5. 远程访问，开放防火墙的端口号 MySQL

 

        一般开发测试我直接把防火墙关闭，生产的开发对应端口即可：

1 2 3 4 5 6

su root service iptables stop #关闭防火墙 service iptables status #验证是否关闭 chkconfig iptables off #关闭防火墙的开机自动运行 chkconfig –list | grep iptables #验证防火墙的开机自动运行 vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux # 禁用selinux，将SELINUX=disabled

 

6. Linux MySQL 的几个重要目录

 

        数据库目录 /var/lib/mysql/

        配置文件 /usr/share /mysql（mysql.server命令及配置文件）

        相关命令 /usr/bin（mysqladmin mysqldump等命令）

        启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/（启动脚本文件mysql的目录）

 

 

7. 删除 MySQL  数据库

 

        如果使用的是 yum 安装的 mysql，需要删除的话，就使用如下命令：

        yum -y remove mysql*

        然后将 /var/lib/mysql文件夹下的所有文件都删除干净，最后再重新执行上面的安装步骤。

 

 

yum 安装 MySQL 指定版本

 

        默认yum只能安装mysql 5.1，我们可以自己配置通过yum安装5.6或者其他版本。

 

1. 查看系统里面有没有mysql 的repo（可以参考上面第一步卸载）

 

        yum repolist all | grep mysql

 

2. 如果没有发现，则需要配置repo

 

        只能有一个是 enabled=1的，其他的都得enabled=0。

        vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

        输入如下内容

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Note: MySQL 5.7 is currently in development. For use at your own risk.
# Please read with sub pages: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/
[mysql57-community-dmr]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server Development Milestone Release
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

 

3. 再看看是否存在 MySQL 的 repo

 

        yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

        可以看到已经有了。

 

4. 签名

 

        vim /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

        写入如下内容

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (SunOS)

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=443I
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

5. 安装

 

        yum install mysql-community-server -y

 

6. 启动

 

        service mysqld start 

7.登录mysql

先停止mysql服务
service mysqld stop
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables&

mysql -uroot -p
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("***********") WHERE user='root';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;