算法-leetcode-65-Valid Number

上代码:

# coding:utf-8

__author__ = "sn"

"""
Validate if a given string is numeric.

Some examples:
"0" => true
" 0.1 " => true
"abc" => false
"1 a" => false
"2e10" => true

Note: It is intended for the problem statement to be ambiguous. You should gather all requirements up front before implementing one.

"""

"""
思路:

1.float()...

2.去空格,正则匹配
首位是否为+或-
数字
^[0-9]{1,}[\.]{0,1}[0-9]{0,}$
^\.[0-9]{1,}$
科学计数
^[0-9]{1,}[\.]{0,1}[0-9]*e[0-9]+$

3.类似正则
合法的数字表达式有以下几种:
全数字
.全数字
数字.数字
数字e[+-]数字

按.和e作分割点,分别进行判断是否合规
先将两端的空格去掉,首字符是否为+-
判断是否数字,如果不是直接返回False,
遇到'.',判断.后是否有一列数字
遇到‘e',然后判断'e'以后是否有’+‘,’-‘
判断后续的是否是数字。
使用 if else 即可
注意边界情况;

4.把方法3的过程抽象化,得到有穷状态自动机DFA
结合本题,字符串有9种状态比较合适:
0 无输入或只有空格
1 输入了数字

2 无数字,只有dot

3只输入了符号+或-
4 有数字有dot
5 e或者E输入后的状态
6 输入e之后输入sign的状态
7 输入e之后输入数字的状态
8 有效数字输入后,输入空格判断合法输入结束

状态机简图:

"""

class Solution:

  #方法3
  def isNumber(self, s):
    """
    :type s: str
    :rtype: bool
    """

    begin, last = 0, len(s)-1
    # 去首尾空格
    while begin <= last and s[begin] == " ":
      begin += 1
    while last >= begin and s[last] == " ":
      last -= 1

    # 首位是否为+或-
    if begin < last and (s[begin] == "+" or s[begin] == "-"):
      begin += 1

    num, dot, exp = False, False, False
    

    # 主体校验
    while begin <= last:
      if s[begin] >= "0" and s[begin] <= "9":
        num = True
      elif s[begin] == ".":
        if dot or exp:
          return False
        dot = True
      elif s[begin] == "e" or s[begin] == "E":
        if exp or not num:
          return False
        exp, num = True, False
      elif s[begin] == "+" or s[begin] == "-":
        if not(s[begin-1] == "e" or s[begin-1] == "E"):
          return False
      else:
        return False
      begin += 1
    return num

# 方法4-1
# 有限状态自动机
  def isNumber(self, s):
    INVALID = 0;SPACE = 1; SIGN = 2; DIGIT = 3; DOT = 4; EXPONENT = 5;

    transitionTable = [[-1, 0, 3, 1, 2, -1],
      [-1, 8, -1, 1, 4, 5],
      [-1, -1, -1, 4, -1, -1],
      [-1, -1, -1, 1, 2, -1],
      [-1, 8, -1, 4, -1, 5],
      [-1, -1, 6, 7, -1, -1],
      [-1, -1, -1, 7, -1, -1],
      [-1, 8, -1, 7, -1, -1],
      [-1, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1]]

    state = 0; i = 0
    while i < len(s):
      inputtype = INVALID
      if s[i] == ' ':
        inputtype = SPACE
      elif s[i] == '-' or s[i] == '+':
        inputtype = SIGN
      elif s[i] in '0123456789':
        inputtype = DIGIT
      elif s[i] == '.':
        inputtype = DOT
      elif s[i] == 'e' or s[i] == 'E':
        inputtype = EXPONENT

      state = transitionTable[state][inputtype]
      if state == -1:
        return False
      else:
        i += 1
    return state == 1 or state == 4 or state == 7 or state == 8

# 方法4-2
# 换一种方式实现DFA
  def isNumber(self, s):
    """
    :type s: str
    :rtype: bool
    """
    # define a DFA
    state = [
      {"space": 0, "digit": 1, "sign": 3, ".": 2},
      {"digit": 1, "space": 8, "e": 5, ".": 4},
      {"digit": 4},
      {"digit": 1, ".": 2},
      {"digit": 4, "e": 5, "space": 8},
      {"digit": 7, "sign": 6},
      {"digit": 7},
      {"digit": 7, "space": 8},
      {"space": 8}]

    currentstate = 0
    for c in s:
      if c >= "0" and c <= "9":
        c = "digit"
      elif c == " ":
        c = "space"
      elif c in ["+", "-"]:
        c = "sign"
      elif c in ["e", "E"]:
        c = "e"
      # if c == ".":
        # c ="."

      if c not in state[currentstate].keys():
        return False
      currentstate = state[currentstate][c]

    if currentstate in [1, 4, 7, 8]:
      return True
    else:
      return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
  res = Solution()
  str_num = "4.7e7"
  result = res.isNumber(str_num)
  if result:
    print("is number.")
  else:
    print("is not number.")

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