RHEL sosreport

RHEL sosreport简介

sosreport对很多RedHat爱好者来说应该并不陌生! 它是一款在RedHat Linux下帮你收集系统信息打成一个tar包的工具,你可以将这个tar包发给供应商来定位问题.

当你给RedHat开个case时, 他们会第一时间找你要 sosreport. 本文中我们会演示如何生成 sosreport 以及如何阅读 sosreport.

如果 sosreport 包并未安装,你会看到如下错误:

root@kerneltalks # sosreport
-bash: sosreport: command not found

使用yum安装 sos 包. 你可以按照 这里 说明的安装步骤来安装. 以下是安装日志供你参考.

root@kerneltalks # yum install sos
Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, search-disabled-repos
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package sos.noarch 0:3.4-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bzip2 for package: sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
===================================================================================================================================================
=====================
Package                        Arch                            Version
Repository                                                 Size
===================================================================================================================================================
=====================
Installing:
sos                            noarch                          3.4-6.el7                               rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases
                          381 k
Installing for dependencies:
bzip2                          x86_64                          1.0.6-13.el7                            rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases
                           52 k
 
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================
=====================
Install  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
 
Total download size: 433 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/2): sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                  |
381 kB  00:00:00
(2/2): bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                             |
  52 kB  00:00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------
Total                                                                                                                                   610 kB/s |
433 kB  00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64
                                                                                                                            1/2
  Installing : sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch
                                                                                                                                 2/2
  Verifying  : sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch
                                                                                                                                 1/2
  Verifying  : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64
                                                                                                                            2/2
 
Installed:
  sos.noarch 0:3.4-6.el7
 
Dependency Installed:
  bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7
 
Complete!

---

如何生成 sosreport

你只需要运行 sosreport 命令就能生成 sosreport 了. 它默认将报告放在 /var/tmp 中,因此你需要保证 /var 挂载点中有足够的空闲空间.

输出文件遵照 sosreport-name.caseID-yyyymmddhhmmss.tar.xz 这样的命名规则,其中 –

1. name 就是你提供的名称,默认为主机名
2. caseID 如果你没有提供则为空
3. 日期格式为 yyyymmdd
4. 时间格式为 hhmmss

这是一个压缩过的tar包. 运行sosreport命令后,它会要你输入名称以及case ID,然后开始执行模块收集所有的系统信息并保存道tar包中.

root@kerneltalks # sosreport
 
sosreport (version 3.4)
 
This command will collect diagnostic and configuration information from
this Red Hat Enterprise Linux system and installed applications.
 
An archive containing the collected information will be generated in
/var/tmp/sos.iNadXY and may be provided to a Red Hat support
representative.
 
Any information provided to Red Hat will be treated in accordance with
the published support policies at:
 
  https://access.redhat.com/support/
 
The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its
content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being
passed to any third party.
 
No changes will be made to system configuration.
 
Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit.
 
Please enter your first initial and last name [kerneltalks]: Shrikant Lavhate
Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []: 12345678
 
Setting up archive ...
Setting up plugins ...
Running plugins. Please wait ...
 
  Running 74/74: yum...            er...
Creating compressed archive...
 
Your sosreport has been generated and saved in:
  /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz
 
The checksum is: 502b698f6052964ca1c2d348ea7e67a4
 
Please send this file to your support representative.

命令还会输出结果文件的验证码. 这有助于对方验证文件的完整性.

root@kerneltalks # ll /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz
-rw-------. 1 root root 8519732 Nov  5 17:12 /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz

如何阅读 sosreport

生成的报告是一个tar包. 你可以可以自己 un-tar  这个tar包,然后自己阅读里面的内容.

root@kerneltalks # tar xvf /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz

解压tar包后,你会看到一个以tar包同名的目录. 其中有好多文件和子目录.

root@kerneltalks # ls -lrt sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210
total 16
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root   42 Jul 11 15:57 usr
dr-xr-xr-x.  3 root root   19 Jul 11 16:07 boot
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Nov  5 12:19 proc
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root  112 Nov  5 12:19 sys
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   28 Nov  5 12:19 var
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   18 Nov  5 12:19 dev
dr-xr-xr-x.  7 root root   78 Nov  5 12:24 lib
dr-xr-x---.  2 root root   29 Nov  5 16:23 root
drwxr-xr-x. 34 root root 4096 Nov  5 17:08 etc
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   29 Nov  5 17:12 mount -> sos_commands/filesys/mount_-l
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   27 Nov  5 17:12 df -> sos_commands/filesys/df_-al
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   27 Nov  5 17:12 uptime -> sos_commands/general/uptime
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   28 Nov  5 17:12 uname -> sos_commands/kernel/uname_-a
drwx------.  3 root root   18 Nov  5 17:12 sos_strings
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   25 Nov  5 17:12 lsmod -> sos_commands/kernel/lsmod
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   45 Nov  5 17:12 java -> sos_commands/java/alternatives_--display_java
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   29 Nov  5 17:12 hostname -> sos_commands/general/hostname
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   31 Nov  5 17:12 dmidecode -> sos_commands/hardware/dmidecode
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   25 Nov  5 17:12 date -> sos_commands/general/date
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   32 Nov  5 17:12 route -> sos_commands/networking/route_-n
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   30 Nov  5 17:12 ps -> sos_commands/process/ps_auxwww
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   41 Nov  5 17:12 netstat -> sos_commands/networking/netstat_-W_-neopa
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   22 Nov  5 17:12 last -> sos_commands/last/last
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   34 Nov  5 17:12 ip_addr -> sos_commands/networking/ip_-o_addr
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   24 Nov  5 17:12 free -> sos_commands/memory/free
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root  130 Nov  5 17:12 installed-rpms -> sos_commands/rpm/sh_-c_rpm_--nodigest_-qa_--qf_NAME_-_VERSION_-_RELEASE_
._ARCH_INSTALLTIME_date_awk_-F_printf_-59s_s_n_1_2_sort_-f
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   38 Nov  5 17:12 chkconfig -> sos_commands/services/chkconfig_--list
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 1481 Nov  5 17:12 version.txt
drwx------.  2 root root   37 Nov  5 17:12 sos_reports
drwx------.  2 root root   35 Nov  5 17:12 sos_logs
drwx------. 43 root root 4096 Nov  5 17:12 sos_commands
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   19 Nov  5 17:12 run

在 sos_reports 目录中你会看到 sos.txt 和 sos.html 文件.

在 sos.txt 文件中,你可以看到所有加载了的插件,执行过的命令,被sosreport拷贝的文件. 在 sos.html 文件中所有这些内容都通过超链接连接到目录中的原始内容. 这样你可以你可以直接查看脚本命令的输出结果和拷贝过的文件.

sosreport 探测到的任何警告都会在这些文件的开始位置高亮显示出来.

本文基于3.4版的 sosreport. 如果你的版本不同,那么可能信息会有少许的差异.